• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.190-200
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• 2023

Background: Gunsan has been constantly affected by pollutants generated by the Saemangeum development and the construction industry since the completion of the Saemangeum seawall on April 27, 2010. However, there are limitations to its study, such as taking into consideration weather conditions, geographical factors, and foreign inflows. Objectives: In this study, we compared the Existing-CAPSS emissions of Gunsan with Recalculated-CAPSS emissions data to analyze the differences in emissions characteristics by year (2016~2019). Methods: Using Existing data on CAPSS emissions (2016~2019) and Recalculated-CAPSS emissions (2016~2019) for Gunsan, which were Recalculated following the improvement of emissions calculations for 2020, we organized CO, NO_X, SO_X, PM₁₀, VOC_S, and NH₃ emissions by substance and investigated the differences and characteristics of the Recalculated emissions by year. Results: For Re-CO and Re-PM₁₀, the emission characteristics of CO were examined as energy industry combustion and PM₁₀ emission characteristics were examined as ship cargo from non-road transportation sources, as ship leisure sources were excluded from non-road transportation source emissions. Conclusions: Comparing the emissions of Existing-CAPSS and Recalculated-CAPSS in Gunsan, the emissions of Recalculated-CAPSS by substance decreased by 39.76% for CO, 9.98% for PM₁₀, 5.53% for VOC_S, and 9.24% for NH₃, while Re-NO_X increased by 2.86% and Re-SO_X increased by 1.97%. On the other hand, when comparing the emissions characteristics of Existing-CAPSS and Recalculated-CAPSS in Gunsan, Jeonju, and Iksan, the emission characteristics of Re-NO_X, Re-SO_X, Re-VOC_S and Re-NH₃ were similar to those of Ex-NO_X, Ex-SO_X, Ex-VOC_S, and Ex-NH₃. As such, Gunsan, Iksan, and Jeonju, showed differences in the comparison of different emission characteristics due to the geographical characteristics of the region (population, area, topography, weather factors) and the characteristics of the industrial complex (metal, petrochemical).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

This paper proposes a non-destructive ESPI technique to quantitatively evaluate defects inside a semiconductor package. The inspection system consists of the ESPI system, a thermal loading system and an adiabatic chamber. The technique is high feasibility for non-destructive testing of a semiconductor and overcomes the weaknesses of previous techniques, such as time-consumption and difficult quantitative evaluation. Most defects are classified as delamination defects, resulting from the insufficient adhesive strength between layers and from non-homogeneous heat spread. Ninety percent of the tested samples had delamination defects which originated at the corner of the chip and nay be related to heat spread design.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2022

The ability to determine the sex of bovine embryos before the transfer is advantageous in livestock management, especially in dairy production, where female calves are preferred in milk industry. The milk production of female and male cattle benefits both the dairy and beef industries. Pre-implantation sexing of embryos also helps with embryo transfer success. There are two approaches for sexing bovine embryos in farm animals: invasive and non-invasive. A non-invasive method of embryo sexing retains the embryo's autonomy and, as a result, is less likely to impair the embryo's ability to move and implant successfully. There are lists of non-invasive embryo sexing such as; Detection of H-Y antigens, X-linked enzymes, and sexing based on embryo cleavage and development. Since it protects the embryo's autonomy, the non-invasive procedure is considered to be the safest. Invasive methods affect an embryo's integrity and are likely to damage the embryo's chances of successful transformation. There are different types of invasive methods such as polymerase chain reaction, detection of male chromatin Y chromosome-specific DNA probes, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), cytological karyotyping, and immunofluorescence (FISH). The PCR approach is highly sensitive, precise, and effective as compared to invasive methods of farm animal embryonic sexing. Invasive procedures, such as cytological karyotyping, have high accuracy but are impractical in the field due to embryonic effectiveness concerns. This technology can be applicable especially in the dairy and beef industry by producing female and male animals respectively. Enhancing selection accuracy and decreasing the multiple ovulation embryo transfer costs.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.109-113
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• 1997

When the intensity of X-rays scattered from amorphous materials (very weakly absorbing materials) is measured using standard diffractometric technique, the intensity caused by multiple scattering is obtained in the measured X-ray intensity. Computer programs have been developed to estimate the intensity of the mul-tiple scattering obtained in vitreous SiO2 and B2O3 with various X-rays. Using the above computer program, the intensity ratios of multiple scattering to single scattering in vitreous SiO2 were 0.10~0.16% at CuK$\alpha$, 0.98~5.87% at MoK$\alpha$, and 1.88~17.86% at AgK$\alpha$ in the range of 2$\theta$=0~180$^{\circ}$. Therefore, pri-or to the structural analysis of vitreous SiO2 and B2O3 performed experimentally using X-ray diffractometric technique, the intensity data measured in MoK$\alpha$ and AgK$\alpha$ radiations must be corrected for multiple scattering effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.79 no.6
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• pp.303-310
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the CT features of incidental breast lesions on chest CT and to suggest useful criteria for referral to a specialized breast unit. Materials and Methods: Between May 2009 and April 2014, enhanced chest CT examination reports containing the key word 'breast' were reviewed retrospectively. Patients who had incidental breast lesion and were referred to a specialized breast unit and then underwent pathological confirmation or follow-up over a 1-year period were included. Finally, 86 patients (all female, mean age, $48.9{\pm}12.6years$) were enrolled. Two radiologists evaluated lesion characteristics, including size, shape, margins, and enhancement. The correlations between the CT features and pathologies were evaluated, and the diagnostic accuracy of CT features in various combinations was assessed. Results: Among the CT features, irregular shape, non-circumscribed margin, and high contrast enhancement were different between malignant and benign lesions (p < 0.05). The combination of non-circumscribed margin and high contrast enhancement had the highest accuracy (97.7%). Conclusion: Reliable CT features for incidental malignant breast masses are irregular shape, non-circumscribed margin, and high contrast enhancement. The combination of non-circumscribed margin and high contrast enhancement could help distinguish incidental malignant breast lesions and indicate referral to a specialized breast unit.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) practice education on CPR knowledge, attitude, confidence, learning satisfaction and performance of the personal assistants for the disabled. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group. The participants were 62 personal assistants for the disabled. Thirty-one subjects were assigned to an experimental group and the remaining subjects were assigned to a control group. The date collected were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 program by descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test. Results: CPR practice education was found to have a meaningful effect on CPR knowledge (p<.001), learning satisfaction (p<.001), and performance (p<.001) of the personal assistants for the disabled. Conclusion: Considering these results, it would be useful to develop CPR practice curriculum to enhance CPR knowledge, attitude, confidence, learning satisfaction and performance of the personal assistants for the disabled.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1233-1246
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• 2018

With the proliferation of smart mobiles, disassembly techniques for position-independent code (PIC) composed of ARM architecture instructions in computer security are becoming more important. However, existing techniques have been studied on x86 architecture and are focused on solving problems of non-PIC and generality. Therefore, the accuracy of the collected address information is low to apply to advanced security technologies such as binary measurement. In this paper, we propose a disassembly technique that reflects the characteristics of PIC composed of ARM instructions. For accuratly collecting traceable addresses, we designed value-set analysis having symbol-form domain. To solve the main problem of disassembly, we devised a heuristic using the characteristics of the code generated by the compiler. To verify the accuracy and effectiveness of our technique, we tested 669 shared libraries and executables in the Android 8.1 build, resulting in a total disassembly rate of 91.47%.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2010

Crystal structure of coumarin 6 has been solved by X-ray diffraction. The crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, with a=8.823(2) ${\AA}$, b=8.898(2) ${\AA}$, c=11.025(9) ${\AA}$, ${\alpha}$=86.41(3)$^{\circ}$, ${\beta}$=85.39(3)$^{\circ}$, ${\gamma}$=76.23(3)$^{\circ}$, Mr=350.42, V=837.1(3) ${\AA}^3$, Z=2 and R=0.0516. The molecules are packed parallel to each other by weaker ${\pi}{\cdots}{\pi}$ and C-H${\cdots}{\pi}$ interactions. The detailed geometry of C-H${\cdots}{\pi}$ interactions were discussed. The hydrogen bonds and non-traditional C-H${\cdots}O$ interactions join the no-parallel molecules together. All the molecules packed wall-like with the molecular brick.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2012

This study was conducted to optimize the processing conditions, including the ingredient ratio and extraction time, for a water-soluble fraction of Alaska pollock head and non-forming sea tangle by response surface methodology. Our results indicated that the optimal independent variables for obtaining extracts with a high yield and desirable sensory characteristics were 1.32 for $X_1$ (extraction time), 1.36 for $X_2$ (sea tangle concentration) and 0.93 for $X_3$ (water volume) in coded values, and 5.48 h for $X_1$, 18.18% for $X_2$ and 6.86 times for $X_3$ in uncoded values. The predicted values of $Y_1$ (yield), $Y_2$ (TCA soluble-N) and $Y_3$ (overall acceptance) for extracts produced under these optimized conditions were 22.10%, 1.83 g/100 mL and 5.9, respectively, their experimental values were 21.4%, 1.7 g/100 mL and 5.7, respectively. No significant differences between the actual and predicted values were found.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.86-99
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify and profile store browsers in terms of their browsing motives, fashion behavioral characteristics, buying behavior and preferred store attributes. The data were collected through questionnaire from 302 female college students by convenient sampling method. Statistical analysis of factor analysis, x²-test, and t-test were performed in analyzing the data. The browsing motives of browsers were to obtains fashion information, sensory stimulation and diversion from routine life. They showed the high level of fashion involvement, shopping confidence, shopping innovativeness, shopping opinion leadership as well s fashion opinion leadership. Browsers tended to be impulse buyers and spent more money on clothing than non-browsers. The attributes that influence their store choice were the variety of products and brands, information availability ,and pleasant store atmosphere.