• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.52-61
• /
• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of ankle elastic and non-elastic taping on postural balance and gait ability in subject with stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Twenty-seven subjects with stroke participated in this study. The subjects performed to stand quietly for 30s on the balance platform and walking test with three different ankle taping conditions. The sway length, sway area and sway velocity of center of gravity (COG) displacement was measured to assess the postural balance and the timed up and go test, 10m walking test, 6 minutes walking test was measured to assess the gait ability. Repeated measured ANOVA was used to compare the postural balance parameters and gait ability according to three different ankle taping conditions. Results: Postural balance with non-elastic ankle taping was significantly improved compared to no ankle taping and elastic ankle taping condition(p<0.05). On the other hand, gait ability with elastic ankle taping was significantly increased compared to no ankle taping and non-elastic ankle taping condition(p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that an elastic ankle taping could effect to improve the gait ability, whereas a non-elastic ankle taping could effect to improve the postural balance in subject with stroke.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.197-222
• /
• 2006

In this paper, the non-linear time-dependent closed-form, discrete and combined solutions for the post-elastic response of a geometrically and physically non-linear suspended cable to a uniformly distributed load considering the creep effects, are presented. The time-dependent closed-form method for the particularly straightforward determination of a vertical uniformly distributed load applied over the entire span of a cable and the accompanying deflection at time t corresponding to the elastic limit and/or to the elastic region, post-elastic and failure range of a suspended cable is described. The actual stress-strain properties of steel cables as well as creep of cables and their rheological characteristics are considered. In this solution, applying the Irvine's theory, the direct use of experimental data, such as the actual stress-strain and strain-time properties of high-strength steel cables, is implemented. The results obtained by the closed-form solution, i.e., a load corresponding to the elastic limit, post-elastic and failure range at time t, enable the direct use in the discrete non-linear time-dependent post-elastic analysis of a suspended cable. This initial value of load is necessary for the non-linear time-dependent elastic and post-elastic discrete analysis, concerning incremental and iterative solution strategies with tangent modulus concept. At each time step, the suspended cable is analyzed under the applied load and imposed deformations originated due to creep. This combined time-dependent approach, based on the closed-form solution and on the FEM, allows a prediction of the required load that occurs in the post-elastic region. The application of the described methods and derived equations is illustrated by numerical examples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2022

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of non-elastic and elastic tapes on pain, craniovertebral angle, and balance in forward head posture (FHP) patients. METHODS: A total of 44 adults with FHP were randomly assigned to a group that performed a stretching exercise after non-elastic taping (n = 22) and another group that performed the stretching exercise after elastic taping (n = 22), respectively. The stretching exercise was performed five times a week for 30 minutes per session. The visual analogue scale was used to compare neck pain, the craniovertebral angle was measured to compare alignment, and the limit of stability was measured to compare balance. RESULTS: The groups that performed the stretching exercise after both elastic and non-elastic taping showed significant positive changes in pain and the craniovertebral angle of the head in pre- post measurements (p < .05). In the follow-up test for the pain and craniovertebral angle, there was no significant difference from the post-test in the non-elastic group (p > .05), but a significant difference was seen in the elastic group (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Stretching exercises with taping for patients with a FHP are more effective in improving pain and alignment. However, the short-duration tape application did not affect the balancing ability. When the non-elastic tape was used, the effect lasted longer than that of the elastic tape, and pain relief was effective in the case of the elastic tape. Therefore, tape therapy would be more effective if customized according to the patient's condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of the low dye taping technique on the static and dynamic balancing ability and navicular bone drop when the low dye taping technique was divided into elastic and non-elastic taping. METHODS: The subjects of the study were 31 volunteers without musculoskeletal disorders. The length (L) and anterior (A), posteromedial, and posterolateral values of the arch in the NO (normal eyes open), NC (normal eyes closed), PO (pillow with eyes open), and PC (pillow with close eyes closed) states were evaluated when barefoot and when Kinesio tape and non-elastic tape were applied. The measurements were analyzed using repeated ANOVA and an independent t-test. Post hoc tests were performed using a Fisher's LSD. RESULTS: A significant difference was found in the arch L and A values using a foot scanner (p < .05). In addition, there was a significant difference in dynamic balance in the three directions (p < .05), and no difference was found in the case of static balance. As a result, non-elastic tape application helps improve the dynamic balance ability and arch of the foot. CONCLUSION: The non-elastic tape technique is helpful for the foot arch function, and there is no difference in the static balance ability between Kinesio tape and non-elastic tape. Nevertheless, non-elastic tape is more helpful for the dynamic balance ability than Kinesio taping.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.281-289
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of the non-elastic taping method for controlling internal hip joint rotation on internal and external hip rotator muscle activity in healthy people. Methods: In this study, 18 healthy volunteers were instructed to perform the small knee bending (SKB) test. All participants completed the test following two methods (using non-elastic taping and not using taping). Muscle activation during the two methods was measured using a surface electromyography (EMG) device. Surface EMG data were collected from the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and tensor fasciae femoris muscles while performing the SKB test with and without non-elastic taping. Results: Muscle activity in the gluteus maximus was significantly higher during the SKB test with non-elastic taping than during the conventional SKB test with taping (p < 0.05). Tensor fasciae latae muscle activity was lower during the SKB test with non-elastic taping than during the conventional SKB test (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the non-elastic taping method for controlling internal hip joint rotation effectively activates the hip's external rotator muscles and minimizes unwanted internal rotator muscle use during the SKB test. Therefore, the non-elastic taping method for controlling internal hip joint rotation could be an effective intervention for those who cannot control the internal rotation of their hips.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.52 no.5
• /
• pp.997-1017
• /
• 2014

According to the structure characteristics of the non-uniform beam bridge, a practical model for calculating the vibration equation of the non-uniform beam bridge is given and the application scope of the model includes not only the beam bridge structure but also the non-uniform beam with added masses and elastic supports. Based on the Bernoulli-Euler beam theory, extending the application of the modal perturbation method and establishment of a semi-analytical method for solving the vibration equation of the non-uniform beam with added masses and elastic supports based is able to be made. In the modal subspace of the uniform beam with the elastic supports, the variable coefficient differential equation that describes the dynamic behavior of the non-uniform beam is converted to nonlinear algebraic equations. Extending the application of the modal perturbation method is suitable for solving the vibration equation of the simply supported and continuous non-uniform beam with its arbitrary added masses and elastic supports. The examples, that are analyzed, demonstrate the high precision and fast convergence speed of the method. Further study of the timesaving method for the dynamic characteristics of symmetrical beam and the symmetry of mode shape should be developed. Eventually, the effects of elastic supports and added masses on dynamic characteristics of the three-span non-uniform beam bridge are reported.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.397-409
• /
• 2023

This study examines two traditional approaches (non-linear elastic and elasto-plastic) in association with 2D and 3D FEM analyses of a box-section pile embedded in sand. A particular emphasis is placed on stress singularities concerning both reentrant corners of the pile section and the resulting tension zones. From the experience gained in this study, non-linear elastic soil models are less restrictive when one considers stress singularities and their possible effects on convergence of the solution. At least for monotonic loading, when compared with field tests, non-linear elastic models yield better results than the plasticity ones. On the other hand, although elasto-plastic models are not limited to monotonic loading, they are much more sensitive to stress singularities. For this reason, a spherical elastic region is necessary at the pile tip to ensure convergence. Without this region, one must artificially impose an apparent cohesion to limit the tension stresses within a sand medium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2016

PURPOSE: There are several standard interventions for managing Achilles tendinitis, including eccentric exercise and calf muscle stretches, orthoses, electrotherapy, and taping. However, no study has determined the effect of non-elastic taping on deloading the Achilles tendon while vertical jumping. Therefore, this study determined the effect of non-elastic taping on ankle dorsiflexion and the triceps surae muscle activity while vertical jumping in healthy subjects. METHODS: The study recruited 17 participants. A motion analysis system was used to measure the angle of ankle dorsiflexion and wireless surface electromyography was used to measure the soleus and gastrocnemius activities while vertical jumping. Non-elastic taping was applied on randomized leg side. All subjects performed maximal effort vertical jumps without and with non-elastic taping, with three trials for each condition. The mean peak dorsiflexion and muscle activities during the three trials were calculated and paired t-tests were used to compare the mean values without and with non-elastic taping. Significance was defined as (p<.05). RESULTS: The maximum angle of ankle dorsiflexion and activity of the gastrocnemius muscle decreased significantly when non-elastic tape was applied (p<.05), while there was no significant difference in the soleus activity between no-taping and taping (p>.05). CONCLUSION: We introduce non-elastic taping as a method to decrease maximum ankle dorsiflexion and gastrocnemius activity while vertical jumping.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of taping method using elastic tape and non-elastic tape on pain, grip strength and muscle activity in middle-aged female patients with lateral epicondylitis. METHODS: The subjects were 40- to 50-year-old female patients with lateral epicondylitis. A total of 22 subjects were divided into two groups, and each group had 11 patients. The intervention was carried out three times a week for 4 weeks. One group applied tape using elastic tape (ETG) while the other group applied tape using non-elastic tape (NETG). The measurement factors were pain, grip strength, and muscle activity. Pain was measured using VAS. Grip strength was measured using a grip dynamometer, and muscle activity was measured using EMG in the affected extensor carpi radialis brevis. Changes in interventions were compared among the groups using a paired t-test. The comparison between groups compared delta values (Changed values) between pre- and post-intervention using an independent t-test. RESULTS: In both groups, there was a statistically significant decrease in VAS. However, there was no statistically significant decrease in the delta value of VAS between ETG and NETG. In both groups, grip strength and muscle activity increased after intervention. There were statistically significant differences in delta values between ETG and NETG. CONCLUSION: Taping is a good intervention method for patients with lateral epicondylitis. Both elastic tape and non-elastic tape were effective. In particular, taping using elastic tape is an effective method for improving muscle function with pain reduction.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.30-39
• /
• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in gait and mobility according to the types of assistive device for ankle joint including ankle foot orthosis (AFO), non-elastic tape, elastic tape, and high ankle shoes in chronic hemiplegic stroke survivors. Design: A cross-over design. Methods: Twelve hemiplegic stroke survivors participated in this study, and they walked under 5 different conditions including bare feet, wearing a AFO, wearing a non-elastic tape, wearing a elastic tape, and wearing a high ankle shoes. During the participants walked, the spatio-temporal gait analysis and mobility examinations were performed. For the spatio-temporal gait analysis (gait velocity and cadence, step length, stride length, and single and double leg support time) and mobility examinations, the gait mat, TUG and TUDS were used. Results: As s results, on the AFO, non-elastic tape, elastic tape, and high ankle shoes, there were significantly differences in the all spatio-temporal gait parameters, TUG, and TUDS compared to barefoot (p<0.05). In particular, all spatio-temporal gait parameters, TUG, TUDS were significantly improved with AFO compared to barefoot. TUG was significantly improved with AFO compared to non-elastic tape, TUG and TUDS were significantly improved with AFO compared to elastic tape, gait velocity was significantly improved with non-elastic tape compared to high ankle shoes, gait velocity and TUG were significantly improved with elastic tape compared to high ankle shoes, and TUDS was significantly improved with non-elastic tape compared to elastic tape. Conclusion: The AFO, non-elastic tape, elastic tape, and high ankle shoes showed a positive effect on gait and mobility compared to barefoot, and among them, wearing AFO was most effective for improving gait and mobility of chronic hemiplegic stroke survivors.