• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.94-101
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• 2007

From the flood of various informations and images, the producer and the consumer pursue a new method of images constantly. Especially the computer graphic field has affected the images greatly, and has changed the paradigm of images. The 3D animation which is a part of the computer graphics has two general trends(namely the photorealistic rendering and the non-photorealistic rendering) as to the final image. This study overviews the photorealistic rendering and the non-photorealistic rendering by analyzing the technical side and the artistic side. Also this study presents the applicable scope and the advanced directions of the NPR.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.40
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• pp.139-155
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• 2015

Animation is completed in accordance with the original planning of visual direction in the process of post-production. Especially, a variety of visualization skills to meet the planning idea are directed in editing and compositing processes such as rendering and shading in the production of 3D animation. Therefore, the studies how to implement these visual effects have been conducted since the emergence of the animation. The rendering method which appears in the recent animations so often is the effect of 2D animation style although it is applied by 3D technique. 3D animation can be classified as two types including photo realistic and non-photo realistic renderings. The former is to render the images realistically while the latter is to highlight the formative effect with analogue style free from the realism of the photographs. Visual effect of 2D animation is non-realistic, that is, non-photo realistic rendering. The animations produced by this method have the depth of 3D animation expression in terms of space and animating, and can direct the viewer-friendly analogue style visuals, which are widely used as a post-production effect. Hence in this study, we selected a short animation, 'Paperman,' one of Disney's animations, produced by cartoon rendering method which belongs to the class of non-photo rendering technique in 3D graphics, as our subject. We analyzed their techniques and visual effects of the scenes expressed by cartoon rendering method so as to understand whether they meet the original direction idea with the composition work. In addition, we expect further developments of post-production methods, exceeding the limit of graphic expression in alignment with the trend that has become more various in the types and genres of non-photo rendering.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.154-161
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• 2008

Rapidly changing 3D rendering technology is expanding its fields of display fast towards Non-Photorealistic Rendering beyond Photorealistic Rendering. It is now attainable to realize conventional 2D visual animated cartoons with 3D animation technology. It is not complex to create two shades of color or more with the rendered outcomes, made by Toon-Shading, of 3D total packaging animation Maya with black outlines brought through the process of 2D animation. It the reality of 3D animation being one of the prevalent mechanisms of animated films, it is valuable for familiarized animated cartoons to be realized by the technology of 3D animation. Thus, I hope to help in many ways create more effective 3D cartoon animation production process by optimized Toon-Shading attributes method and technology in this research.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.142-151
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• 2007

The rapid development of 3D computer graphics makes traditional cell-animations expressed by several digital techniques and makes traditional cell-animations expand their own area through several continuous tries. There are two types in rendering method. The one is Photorealistic rendering to realize accurate images like photos and the other is Non-photorealistic rendering to realize human's flair and artistry. This paper examines applications of cartoon rendering techniques among several Non-photorealistic rendering techniques. This paper analyzes production cases and examines features of cartoon rendering techniques in the latest movies, games and advertisements of image contents. And this paper will be able to help making more sensual, familiar and in-depth products, as understanding applications, merits and demerits of the latest cartoon rendering techniques through these investigations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.235-237
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• 2006

Non-photorealistic Rendering(NPR) is a method that can be used to simulate a wide range of materials used in visual arts. Currently, there is lack of availability for oriental-style rendering in 3D animation in contrast to the commonly available western-style rendering. In this paper, we combine the wash drawing technique and NPR to create an oriental-style shader for 3D animation. Our approach makes use of the Maya Embeded Language(MEL) to implement this new technique.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

We propose a novel non-photorealistic rendering technique which generates a cutout animation from a video for UCC. Our method consists of four parts. First, we construct an interactive system to build an articulated character. Second, we extract motions from an input video. Third, we transform motions of a character in order to reflect characteristics of cutout animations. Fourth, we render the extracted or transformed components in cutout animation style. We developed a unified system for a user to easily create a cutout animation from an input video and showed the system generated a cutout animation efficiently.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2008

A game graphics, one of computer graphics, has grown rapidly and diversified expression techniques through continuous trials and studies. Rendering methods in game graphics are divided into two branches. The one is Protorealistic rendering method expressing realistic images like photos and the other is NPR(Non-Protorealistic rendering) method expressing emotion and artistry of human being. This paper analyzes how NPR techniques are used in game and what features are in their applications. And this paper suggests various effects for game graphics in an artistic viewpoint. So, this study aims at supporting production of more emotional, familiar and artistic games by understanding merits, demerits and applicabilities of recent NPR researches.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.81-92
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• 2007

Nowadays, many computer games based on NPR(Non-photorealistic Rendering) techniques have been developed due to their distinctive visual properties. However, only limited methods of NPR techniques have been exploited in producing computer games and amongst them cartoon-style rendering techniques especially has had the special interest. In the paper, we suggest an effective rendering method of comic-book style that will be applicable to computer game. In order to do, we first characterize the properties of comic-book from comparing two visuals: celluloid animation and comic-book. We then suggest a real-time rendering method of comic-book style represented by outline sketch, tone, and hatching. We finally examine its effectiveness by observing the game developed using the method.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.1_2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2006

The stippling techniques, which represent objects with numerous points using pen and ink. The previous stippling techniques for Non-Photorsealistc Rendering(NPR) use single-colored points to represent the tone of gray image ur the material of surface. This paper presents a new stippling technique with various colored points based on the analysis of color information. By using the color information of the input image on HSV model, we define the color weight function that allows to determine automatically the number and size of points. The color jittering based on Munsell's color model can generate stippling drawings using various colored points to represent the image. Our color stippling method is expected to be used in many areas such as animation, digital art, video processing and CG tool.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1228-1233
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• 2011

NPR(Non-Photorealistic rendering) technique is developing by every years. NPR is inspired on artistic styles, which is painting, drawing, technical illustration, animation and cartoon. There have many application programs for NPR, which is popular and useful of animations, even on game industrial. In traditional computer graphics focused on non-photorealism, but this method need much more memory and time. Recent years, Many NPR methods present advanced rendering technique and real time technique using graphic accelerator. This paper propose to explain NPR with GPU programming.