• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2001

Background: Nitric oxide (NO), a cytotoxic molecule is produced in various tissues including tumor cells during interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy . Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are induced during IL-2 therapy, and have cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. The current study investigated the effects of NO synthesized in target cells or exposure of target cells to NO on the sensitivity of target cells to LAK cell cytotoxicity. Methods: Cytotoxicity was measured using 4 h chromium release assays. LAK cells which were induced by a 4 day incubation of BALB/c mouse splenocytes with IL-2 (6,000 IU/mL) were employed as effector cells. RD-995 skin tumor cells originated from a C3H/HeN mouse were employed as target cells. NO synthesis in target cells was induced by a 24 h incubation of RD-995 cells with $IFN{\gamma}$ (25 U/mL), TNF (50 U/mL) and IL-1 (20 U/mL). S-nitrosyl acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), an NO donor, was used to expose target cells to NO. $N^G$-monomethyl-L-arginine (MLA) and carboxy-PTIO were added during cytotoxicity assays to inhibit NO synthesis, and to scavenge NO produced by target cells, respectively. Results: Sensitivity of NO-producing RD-995 cells to LAK cell cytotoxicity was decreased by addition of MLA and carboxy-PTIO during cytotoxicity assays. However, the two reagents had no effect on the sensitivity of non-NO-producing RD-995 cells. Pretreatment of RD-995 target cells with SNAP increased the sensitivity in comparison with untreated cells. Conclusions: Sensitivity of target cells to LAK cell cytotoxicity is increased by target cell NO synthesis or exposure to NO. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether these in vitro results have relevance to in vivo phenomena.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.586-586
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• 2012

The vuv spectrometer for ITER main plasma measurement is designed as a five-channel spectral system. To develop and verify the design, a two-channel prototype system was fabricated with No. 3 (14.4-31.8 nm) and No. 4 (29.0-60.0 nm) among the five channels. For test of the prototype system, a hollow cathode lamp is used as a light source. The system is composed of a collimating mirror to collect the light from source to slit, and two holographic diffraction gratings with toroidal geometry to diffract and also to collimate the light from the common slit to detectors. The overall system performance was verified by comparing the measured spectral resolutions with the calculated spectral resolutions. And we also have developed liquid jet target system. This study is about a neutron generator, which is designed to overcome many of the limitations of traditional beam-target neutron generators by utilizing a liquid target. One of the most critical aspects of the beam-target neutron generator is the target integrity under the beam exposure. A liquid target can be a good solution to overcome damage to the target such as target erosion and depletion of hydrogen isotopes in the active layer, especially for the ones operating at high neutron fluxes and maintained relatively thin with no need for water cooling. In this study, liquid target containing hydrogen has been developed and tested.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

This paper attempts to measure the impact of non-financial factors including analyst practices and broker resources on performance of sell side research. Results reveal that these non-financial factors have a measurable impact on performance of target price forecasts. Number of pages written by an analyst (surrogate for analyst practice) is significantly and directly linked with target price accuracy indicating a more elaborate analyst produces better target price forecasts. Analyst compensation (surrogate for broker resource) is significantly and inversely linked with target price accuracy. Out performance by analysts working with lower paying firms is possibly associated with motivation to migrate to higher paying broking firms. The study finds that employing more number of analysts per research report has no significant impact on target price accuracy -negative coefficient indicates that team work may not result in better target price forecasts. Though insignificant, long term forecast horizon negatively affects target price accuracy while stock volatility improves target price accuracy.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.397-418
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• 2019

터널 굴착으로 인한 지반 및 인접 구조물의 거동을 이해하고 분석하는 것은 매우 중요하며, 이는 현대사회에서의 과학기술의 발전과 함께 토목공학 분야에서 폭넓게 활용되고 있다. 근거리 사진계측기법은 지반공학 분야에서 주로 쓰이고 있으며, 최근 GeoPIV 등을 이용한 계측기법의 연구가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 본래에는 지반의 거동을 계측하여 시각화하는 방법으로 알루미늄 봉과 타겟 포인트를 이용한 VMS 프로그램이 주로 사용되어 왔다. 하지만 이러한 방법을 적용할 경우, 타겟 포인트가 손에 의해 인위적으로 설치되기 때문에 외부적인 오차가 발생할 수 있다. 또한 포인트 사이의 그리드가 넓거나 좁을 경우 희박한 데이터가 도출될 수 있는 문제점을 안고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 타겟의 사용 없이 변위를 분석할 수 있는 MATLAB 기반의 No-target 프로그램을 개발하였고 수치해석과 실내 모형시험을 통해 기존의 프로그램과의 비교 및 검증에 초점을 맞추었다. 연구 내용으로는 greenfield condition, strip foundation, pile foundation 3가지 Case에 대하여 실내 모형시험을 실시하였으며, VMS 프로그램과 No-target 프로그램의 결과로부터 total displacement와 vertical displacement의 오차율을 분석하였다. 또한 유한요소 수치해석 프로그램인 PLAXIS를 통하여 실내 모형시험과의 결과와 비교 및 검증하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.421-422
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• 2011

The first part is about development of a liquid target for a neutron source, which is designed to overcome many of the limitations of traditional beam-target neutron generators by utilizing a liquid target neutron source. One of the most critical aspects of the beam-target neutron generator is the target integrity under the beam exposure. A liquid target can be a good solution to overcome damage to the target such as target erosion and depletion of hydrogen isotopes in the active layer, especially for the one operating at high neutron fluxes with no need for water cooling. There is no inherent target lifetime for the liquid target neutron generator when used with continuous refreshment of the target surface exposed to the energetic beam. In this work, liquid target containing hydrogen has been developed and tested in vacuum environment. Potentially, liquid targets could allow a point neutron source whose spatial extension is on the order of 1 to $10{\mu}m$. And the second is about the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectrometer which is designed as a five-channel spectral system for ITER main plasma measurement. To develop and verify the design, a two-channel prototype system was fabricated with No. 3 (14.4 nm~31.8 nm) and No. 4 (29.0 nm~60.0 nm) among the five channels. For test of the prototype system, a hollow cathode lamp is used as a light source. The system is composed of a collimating mirror to collect the light from source to slit, and two holographic diffraction gratings with toroidal geometry to diffract and also to collimate the light from the common slit to detectors. The two gratings are positioned at different optical distances and heights as designed. To study the appropriate detector for ITER VUV system, two different electronic detectors of the back-illuminated charge coupled device and the micro-channel plate electron multiplier were installed and the performance has been investigated and compared in the same experimental conditions. The overall system performance was verified by measuring the spectrums.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of martial art type and target height on the ground reaction force factors during Dollyuchagi motion. Data were collected using force plate. Five Taekwondo players and five Hapkido players were tested during Dollyuchagi motion to three different target heights(0.8, 1.2, 1.6 m). After analysis of kinetics using force plate data, maximum vertical ground reaction force was 1.62~2.44 BW, and impulse was $0.66\sim1.01 BW{\cdot}s$. Even though there was no difference for maximum ground reaction forces and impulse between Hapkido and Taekwondo, as target height was higher, impulse increased. Anterior-posterior and vertical ground reaction forces at kicking foot take-off were greater with target height, although there was no difference for medio-lateral force with target height. At impact there was significant difference for anterior-posterior ground reaction force between Hapkido and Taekwondo players. Taekwondo players' force (range, -0.23~-0.26 BW) was greater than Hapkido players's force (range, -0.08~-0.14 BW).

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.159-176
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• 1991

The probability of target survival is the most important factor in the target assignment, Most of the studies about it have assumed the case of one target and ane weapon type. Therefore, they can not be applied to the real situation. In this paper. the quantity and type of enemy assets of the friendly force are considered simultaneously. Considered defense type is the coordinated defense with no impact point prediction. The objective function is to minimize the expected total survival value of targets which are scattered in the defense area. The rules of aircraft assignment are as follows : first, classify targets into several groups, each of those has the same desired damage level secondly. select the critical group which has the least survival value in accordance with the additional aircraft assignment, and finally. assign the same number of attack assets against each target in the critical group. In this paper, the attack assets, the escort assets, and the defense assets are considered. The model is useful to not only the simple aircraft assignment problem but also the complicated wargame models.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

Recently, neural network methods have been studied to find out more valuable information in data bases. But the supervised learning methods of neural networks have an overfitting problem, which leads to errors of target patterns. And the unsupervised learning methods can distort important information in the process of regularizing data. Thus they can't efficiently classify data, To solve the problems, this paper introduces a hybrid neural networks HACAB(Hybrid Algorithm combining a Competition learning model And BP Algorithm) combining a competition learning model and 8P algorithm. HACAB is designed for cases which there is no target patterns. HACAB makes target patterns by adopting a competition learning model and classifies input patterns using the target patterns by BP algorithm. HACAB is evaluated with random input patterns and Iris data In cases of no target patterns, HACAB can classify data more effectively than BP algorithm does.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.15-20
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• 1975

원자로의 출력을 초기상태에서 요구표적 상태로 증가시켜 주는 과도기간중 출력의 Overshoot가 생기는데 이 Overshoot에 구속조건을 두는 것은 원자로를 제각함에 있어 안전사 매우 중요하다. 따라서 출력이 요구 최대허용 구동영역을 넘지 않도록 반응도를 조절하면서 초기값(no, co)에서 최종같인 요구값(2no,2co) 또는 (1. 5no,1.5co)로 출력을 증가시키는데 최대원리(Maximum principle)를 적용하였다. 그리고 이때의 스위청점, 스위청시간 및 최적제각 반응도를 구하였다. The power overshoot is rises in the output during the transient period when the output of nuclear reactor is increased from the initial state to the desired target state and certain amount of constraint on power level is of primary importance for safety control of nuclear reactor. Therefore, the maximum principle is applied to this process control in transfering its power from the initial state(no, co) to the final target state(2no, 2co or 1.5no, 1.5co), adjusting the reactivity so that its overshoot is limited within the allowable constraint required. In this case, the switching points, switching times, optimal lima and optimal control reactivity are calculated.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

This paper studied a method of estimating target information using a radar in wireless communication. Position information on the target can be estimated angle, distance and velocity. The velocity information can be estimated since the Doppler frequency is changed in the moving target. The signal incident on the receiving array antenna is multiplied by the delay time and the reference signal to represent the output signal. This output signal is estimated by applying FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) after calculating signal correlation through correlation integrator. Since the output signal must be calculated within the correlator, it should be processed with the Dwell time. The correlation signal of the correlation integrator outside this Dwell time is indicated by the velocity measurement error. The FFT is applied to the signal that has passed through the correlated integrator in order to estimate the distance of the signal. The Doppler resolution must be improved because the FFT estimates target information using the Doppler information. The Doppler resolution decreases with increasing the integration time. The velocity information estimation should have no spread of the velocity. As a result of the simulation, there was no spread of the target velocity in this study.