• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2012

Test turnaround time (TAT) is the lead time from reception to reporting. In the complete blood cell count (CBC), 4 units of the XE-2100 (Sysmex Corp., Japan) processed around 80% of quantity, 1 unit of the LH-780 (Beckman-Coulter Incorp., USA) processed around 10% and 1 unit of ADVIA-2120 (Siemens AG, Munich, Germany) processed around 10%. We analyzed the change in the TAT for the CBC for over 7 years, from January of 2005 to December of 2011. The delta check made alterations of delta to WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet and metamyelocyte, however, did not made them to band neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte. The panic value check made alterations of panic value to hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet and monocyte. In the criteria of currently slide review, LH-780 and ADVI-2120 analyzers prepared suspect flags of "Blast, Imm NE2, Immature granulocyte, Imm NE1, Left shift, Variant lymphocyte, Atypical lymphocyte, Platelet clumps and NRBC". The New slide review in the XE-2100 analyzer altered the preparations of a smear slide more than a "Platelet clumps flag(${\geq}200unit$), a single flag excluding the "Platelet clumps flag (${\geq}250unit$) and a multiple flag (${\geq}200unit$)". Also, below the 240 unit, medical technologists prepared manual slides selectively according to their evaluations. The automatic reporting rate was 33.4% without alterations, whereas it was 41.0% without alterations, and was thus improved by 7.6%. The slide review rate was 15.2% before using the Q-flag limit, whereas it was 12.1% for a reduce 3.1%. TAT was 45 minutes without the creation alterations of the delta and panic value checks, whereas it was 35 minutes after making alterations of the delta and panic value checks and thus was shortened by 10 minutes. We came to the conclusion that the establishment and operation of delta and panic value checks and slide review criteria suitable for laboratory environment can reduce unnecessary smear slides, re-checking, re-sampling, re-testing, telephone inquiries and concentrated workloads during specific times of the day.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.53
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• pp.109-147
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• 2017

North Korean defectors had left North Korea often to escape from food shortages in the mid-1990s. Since the 2000s, the reasons of their flee from North Korea have more resulted from their exposure to external information, and a desire for democracy and freedom. However, North Korean defectors living in China are not recognized as refugees and thus subject to various human rights violations including forced repatriation. It needs to be thought that wether North Korean defectors who escape from North Korea are political refugees under international law. If they are not recognized as refugees in their new countries, it is imperative to consider a possible way to protect their human rights under international law. The problem of recognition of the refugee status of a person is a matter of involving the sovereignty of individual countries, however, the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees should provide protection of their unique rights, as recognizes by the UNHCR, and their status should be treated as a refugees issue in a broad sense. In the future, it is a necessary to establish international solidarity among individual countries, the UN General Assembly, the decisions of the Human Rights Council and support of UNHCR, to anticipate the need for the refugee recognition and the protection of International Human Rights in preparation for possible mass defections and refugees from North Korea.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.32
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• pp.29-61
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• 2016

A joke (才談, 재담) is "the most interesting and witty language unit" in our speech. However, the search of a joke is still starting. Although joke are related to the witty and interesting talks, stories, songs and plays, the actual object of a joke is only the witty and interesting talk. A joke is witty talk that is interesting or laughter-inducing. Many Jokes can be found in the traditional Korean funny performing arts (演戱, 연희). This is because these art forms are performed in open yards, which necessitated amusing the audience, amusement, in its turn, required jokes. Jokes in the traditional funny performing arts can generally be classified as follows: 1) Jokes related to a situation: These include right words at a given situation, exaggerating words, diminishing words, deviancy words, and cause-effect words. 2) Jokes related to discourse: These include enumerating words, amplificatory words, contrasting words, fluently lying words, undeniable words, purposely unknowing words, and deliberately incorrect words. 3) Jokes related to vocabulary: These include synonym, similar words, changed word-ordering words, and incorrect words. 4) Jokes related to pronunciation: These include homonyms, and anti-homonyms. Although there may be other jokes, those presented above are typical ones. A joke is "the result that human being can achieve when he/she has overcome natural and social difficulties and is left with only a free and creative spirit." Jokes are necessary in all ages and everywhere. Today, more varied and high-level jokes can be created by developing the diversity of jokes in traditional funny performing arts. Also, I expect new sorts of jokes, because a joke always demands a creative spirit.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.374-385
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of locally delivered 1% alendronate (ALN) gel used as an adjunct to non-invasive periodontal therapy. Methods: Ligature-induced periodontitis was performed in 96 rats. The ligature was tied in the cervical area of the mandibular left first molar. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) NT, no treatment; 2) SRP, scaling and root planning; 3) SRP/PLA, SRP followed by filling the periodontal pocket with placebo gel (PLA); and 4) SRP/ALN, SRP followed by filling the periodontal pockets with 1% ALN gel. Histomorphometric (percentage of bone in the furcation region [PBF]) and immunohistochemical (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, osteoprotegerin, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) analyses were performed. Data were statistically analyzed, with the threshold of statistical significance set at P≤0.05. Results: The SRP, SRP/PLA, and SRP/ALN groups presented a higher PBF than the NT group (P≤0.01) at 7, 15, and 30 days. The SRP/ALN group presented a higher PBF than the SRP/PLA group in all experimental periods, as well as a higher PBF than the SRP group at 15 and 30 days. No differences were observed in the immunohistochemical analyses (P>0.05 for all). Conclusions: Locally delivered 1% ALN gel used as an adjunct to SRP enhanced bone regeneration in the furcation region in a rat model of experimental periodontitis.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.64-77
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• 2013

In China, archaeological research on Xiongnu started later than in foreign countries. In the late $19^{th}$ century, several Russian archaeologists started to study Xiongnu's archaeological culture. However, since the late $20^{th}$ century, archaeological research of the Xiongnu in China quickly gained speed. The Xiongnu culture has been reported in Mongolia, northern steppe of China and eastern part of Eurasian steppe. Mainly, Xiongnu sites, dated from the late 2nd century B.C. to the 1st century A.D., are reported on the west side of Baikal Lake(Zabaikal), Mongolia and the Inner Mongolia of China. Based on the historical records and the archaeological remains, the North Xiongnu culture is defined to be the remains of Zabaikal, and the South Xiongnu culture the archaeological remains of Northern China. The expelled North Xiongnu, while fleeing to the western part of Eurasia, left traces of their own archaeological remains in southern Kazakhstan, Xinjiang of China, Altai, and finally appeared in the Europe as Huns. In order to adapt to the environment of northern steppe of China, Xiongnu used a nomadic economic system, giving uniqueness to its iron works. The most characteristic iron works of the Xiongnu is the highly-sophisticated iron weapons. Compared with the iron works of agricultural economic society, Xiongnu iron-works are short of production tools and various vessels. The "Nomadic type" iron works found in Xiongnu area date back to the Warring Country period or slightly later. Further research need to be conducted on "Nomadic type" Xiongnu iron works.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.52-69
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• 2012

This paper attempts to analyze the inner and outer structure of royal tombs that were built during the Joseon Period. This analysis is based on the relevant historical records and they were restored through visual composition in order to compare the features of Joseon royal tombs with those of Goryeo royal tombs and common tombs of the Joseon Period. Royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty are structurally solid and contain a variety of artistic ornaments that symbolize guardian deities both inside and outside to protect the owners of the tombs for a long time. According to historical records such as Sejong sillok oryeui (Five Rites of State from the Annals of King Sejong) and Gukjo oryeui (Five Rites of State), it is presumed that the inner structure of royal tombs dating back to the early Joseon Period consisted of a stone chamber and that the byeongpungseok and nanganseok were built outside of the tomb. However, ever since King Sejo left it in his will not to make a stone chamber in his tomb, the royal tombs began to follow a new pattern, a burial pit outside the coffin filled with lime powder. Gukjo sangnye bopyeon (Supplement Book of the State Funeral Rites), which was compiled during the reign of King Yeongjo, is a book that shows how the royal tombs were formed in the late Joseon Period. The book explains in detail how lime powder was used to fill the burial pit of royal tombs. The byeongpungseok used during the late Joseon Period were engraved with peony flowers, while those previously made were engraved with twelve spirit warriors. Peony designs were frequently used to decorate the items of royal families, and the use of peony designs in tombs reflects the idea of regarding the royal tombs as an everyday living space for the deceased.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.272-286
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• 2019

Cheesemaking is believed to have been first practiced in prehistoric times, about 9,500 years ago, in the area around the Fertile Crescent of Mesopotamia and they left legacy in the name of cheese. Father Chi Chong-Hwan(Didier Serstevens) started for his provost in Imsil Catholic church in 1964. In 1968, cheese was first produced Camembert in Korea by Father Chi Chong-hwan, and then made Mozzarella in 1970, Cheddar in 1972. Father Chi lay the foundation of a cheese industry in Korea. The processed cheese market was highly grown after putting on the market of sliced cheese in the late 1980s, and the various products that complied with wellbeing trends such as organic and high functional cheese produced in the 2000s. The natural cheese opens up a new domestic market after producing Camembert and Brie cheese in the end of 2004. At present, major trends in cheese are authenticity, bold flavor, snack sophistication and tradition. Mozzarella, Parmesan, Cheddar, Provolone, Feta cheese still top in foodservice. In Korea, production of natural cheese is decreasing by the influence of the imported cheese. Production of processed cheese is increasing and total consumption of cheese is also increasing year by year.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2018

Major countries, such as the U.S., UK and Germany have reformed their national intelligence systems in the face of transnational, asymmetric and comprehensive threats since September 11, 2001 and have strengthened the intelligence capacity involved in countering terrorism and WMD proliferation, right/left extremism threats. The Korean Moon Jae-in government is preparing a reform plan to eliminate illegal political intervention and abuse of power by the National Intelligence Service(NIS) and to rebuild it as an efficient national intelligence agency for national security. In discussing the reform direction of the NIS, it is necessary to discuss in detail whether adopting a separate model of intelligence agencies to restrict domestic intelligence activities of the NIS and concentrate on foreign intelligence activities or establish new domestic intelligence agencies. Second, as for the issue of transferring anti-Communism investigation authority of the NIS to the police, it needs to be carefully considered in terms of balancing the efficiency and professionalism of intelligence agency activity in the context of North Korea's continuous military provocation, covert operations and cyber threats. Third, it should strive to strengthen the control and supervision functions of the administration and the National Assembly to ensure the political neutrality of the NIS in accordance with the democratization era, to guarantee citizens' basic rights and to improve the transparency of budget execution.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-113
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• 2019

The behavior of the 3 hinged precast arch structure was investigated by comparing field measurements with numerical analyses performed for precast lining arch structures, which are widely used for the open-cut tunnel. According to the field measurements, the maximum vertical displacement occurred at the crown with upward displacements during the backfilling up to the crown of the arch and downward displacements at the backfill height above the crown. The final crown displacement was 19 mm upward from the original position. The horizontal displacement at the sidewall, which had a maximum horizontal displacement, occurred inward of the arch when compacting the backfill up to the crown and returned to the original position after completing the backfill construction. According to the analysis of displacement measurements, economical design is expected to be possible for precast arch structures compared to rigid concrete structures due to ground-structure interactions. Duncan model gave good results for the estimation of displacements and deformed shape of the tunnel according to the numerical analyses comparing with field measurements. The earth pressure coefficients calculated from the numerical analyses were 0.4 and 0.7 for the left and the right side of the tunnel respectively, which are agreed well with the eccentric load acting on the tunnel due to topographical condition and actual field measurements.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.577-584
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• 2019

Recently, CSB(Cable-Stayed Bridge) have been attempted to be atypical forms for landscape elements in Korea. CSB with new geometry need to analyze their characteristics clearly to ensure structural safety. This study's bridge is the S-shaped curved pedestrian CSB that has a girder with S-shape plane curve and reverse triangular truss cross section, inclined independent pylon, modified Fan type main cable and vertical backstay cable. Curved CSB can have excessive lateral displacement and moment when the tension is adjusted, focusing only on longitudinal behavior, such as a straight CSB. In order to analyze the effect of the cable on the lateral behavior of bridges, the cable is divided into two groups according to the lateral displacement direction of the pylon due to tension. The influence of the combination ratio of GR1 and GR2 on the girder, bearing, pylon, and vertical anchor cable was analyzed. When the tension applied to the bridge is 1.0GR1 plus 1.0GR2, In the combination of 1.2GR1 plus 0.8GR2, the stress on the left and right upper member of the truss girder and the deviation of the both were minimized. In addition, the horizontal force of the bearing, the lateral displacement and moment of the pylon, and the tension of the vertical backstay cable also decreased. This study is expected to be used as basic data for determination of tension of CSB with similar geometry.