• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.376-388
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• 1996

The first and the second "Discussion Contest of Scientific Investigation" was evaluated in this study. This contest was a part of 'Korean Youth Science Festival' held in 1993 and 1994. The evaluation was based on the data collected from the middle school students of final teams, their teachers, a large number of middle school students and college students who were audience of the final competition. Questionnaires, interviews, reports of final teams, and video tape of final competition were used to collect data. The study focussed on three research questions. The first was about the preparation and the research process of students of final teams. The second was about the format and the proceeding of the Contest. The third was whether participating the Contest was useful experience for the students and the teachers of the final teams. The first area, the preparation and the research process of students, were investigated in three aspects. One was the level of cooperation, participation, support and the role of teachers. The second was the information search and experiment, and the third was the report writing. The students of the final teams from both years, had positive opinion about the cooperation, students' active involvement, and support from family and school. Students considered their teachers to be a guide or a counsellor, showing their level of active participation. On the other hand, the interview of 1993 participants showed that there were times that teachers took strong leading role. Therefore one can conclude that students took active roles most of the time while the room for improvement still exists. To search the information they need during the period of the preparation, student visited various places such as libraries, bookstores, universities, and research institutes. Their search was not limited to reading the books, although the books were primary source of information. Students also learned how to organize the information they found and considered leaning of organizing skill useful and fun. Variety of experiments was an important part of preparation and students had positive opinion about it. Understanding related theory was considered most difficult and important, while designing and building proper equipments was considered difficult but not important. This reflects the students' school experience where the equipments were all set in advance and students were asked to confirm the theories presented in the previous class hours. About the reports recording the research process, students recognize the importance and the necessity of the report but had difficulty in writing it. Their reports showed tendency to list everything they did without clear connection to the problem to be solved. Most of the reports did not record the references and some of them confused report writing with story telling. Therefore most of them need training in writing the reports. It is also desirable to describe the process of student learning when theory or mathematics that are beyond the level of middle school curriculum were used because it is part of their investigation. The second area of evaluation was about the format and the proceeding of the Contest, the problems given to students, and the process of student discussion. The format of the Contests, which consisted of four parts, presentation, refutation, debate and review, received good evaluation from students because it made students think more and gave more difficult time but was meaningful and helped to remember longer time according to students. On the other hand, students said the time given to each part of the contest was too short. The problems given to students were short and open ended to stimulate students' imagination and to offer various possible routes to the solution. This type of problem was very unfamiliar and gave a lot of difficulty to students. Student had positive opinion about the research process they experienced but did not recognize the fact that such a process was possible because of the oneness of the task. The level of the problems was rated as too difficult by teachers and college students but as appropriate by the middle school students in audience and participating students. This suggests that it is possible for student to convert the problems to be challengeable and intellectually satisfactory appropriate for their level of understanding even when the problems were difficult for middle school students. During the process of student discussion, a few problems were observed. Some problems were related to the technics of the discussion, such as inappropriate behavior for the role he/she was taking, mismatching answers to the questions. Some problems were related to thinking. For example, students thinking was off balanced toward deductive reasoning, and reasoning based on experimental data was weak. The last area of evaluation was the effect of the Contest. It was measured through the change of the attitude toward science and science classes, and willingness to attend the next Contest. According to the result of the questionnaire, no meaningful change in attitude was observed. However, through the interview several students were observed to have significant positive change in attitude while no student with negative change was observed. Most of the students participated in Contest said they would participate again or recommend their friend to participate. Most of the teachers agreed that the Contest should continue and they would recommend their colleagues or students to participate. As described above, the "Discussion Contest of Scientific Investigation", which was developed and tried as a new science contest, had positive response from participating students and teachers, and the audience. Two among the list of results especially demonstrated that the goal of the Contest, "active and cooperative science learning experience", was reached. One is the fact that students recognized the experience of cooperation, discussion, information search, variety of experiments to be fun and valuable. The other is the fact that the students recognized the format of the contest consisting of presentation, refutation, discussion and review, required more thinking and was challenging, but was more meaningful. Despite a few problems such as, unfamiliarity with the technics of discussion, weakness in inductive and/or experiment based reasoning, and difficulty in report writing, The Contest demonstrated the possibility of new science learning environment and science contest by offering the chance to challenge open tasks by utilizing student science knowledge and ability to inquire and to discuss rationally and critically with other students.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.39-55
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• 2019

최근 은행과 증권회사를 중심으로 다양한 로보어드바이저 금융상품들이 출시되고 있다. 로보어드바이저는 사람 대신 컴퓨터가 포트폴리오 자산배분에 대한 투자 결정을 실행하기 때문에 다양한 자산배분 알고리즘이 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대표적 로보어드바이저 알고리즘인 블랙리터만모형의 강점을 살리면서 객관적 투자자 전망을 도출할 수 있는 지능형 전망모형을 제안하고 이를 내재균형수익률과 결합하여 최종 포트폴리오를 도출하는 로보어드바이저 자산배분 알고리즘을 새로이 제안하며, 실제 주가자료를 이용한 실증분석 결과를 통해 전문가의 주관적 전망을 대신할 수 있는 지능형 전망모형의 실무적 적용 가능성을 보여주고자 한다. 그동안 주가 예측에서 우수한 성과를 보여주었던 기계학습 방법 중 SVM 모형을 이용하여 각 자산별 기대수익률에 대한 예측과 예측 확률을 도출하고 이를 각각 기대수익률에 대한 투자자 전망과 전망에 대한 신뢰도 수준의 입력변수로 활용하는 지능형 전망모형을 제안하였다. 시장포트폴리오로부터 도출된 내재균형수익률과 지능형 전망모형의 기대수익률, 확률을 결합하여 최종적인 블랙리터만모형의 최적포트폴리오를 도출하였다. 주가자료는 2008년부터 2018년까지의 132개월 동안의 8개의 KOSPI 200 섹터지수 월별 자료를 분석하였다. 블랙리터만모형으로 도출된 최적포트폴리오의 결과가 기존의 평균분산모형이나 리스크패리티모형 등과 비교하여 우수한 성과를 보여주었다. 구체적으로 2008년부터 2015년까지의 In-Sample 자료에서 최적화된 블랙리터만모형을 2016년부터 2018년까지의 Out-Of-Sample 기간에 적용한 실증분석 결과에서 다른 알고리즘보다 수익과 위험 모두에서 좋은 성과를 기록하였다. 총수익률은 6.4%로 최고 수준이며, 위험지표인 MDD는 20.8%로 최저수준을 기록하였다. 수익과 위험을 동시에 고려하여 투자 성과를 측정하는 샤프비율 역시 0.17로 가장 좋은 결과를 보여주었다. 증권계의 애널리스트 전문가들이 발표하는 투자자 전망자료의 신뢰성이 낮은 상태에서, 본 연구에서 제안된 지능형 전망모형은 현재 빠른 속도로 확장되고 있는 로보어드바이저 관련 금융상품을 개발하고 운용하는 실무적 관점에서 본 연구는 의의가 있다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.983-988
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• 1996

발살바동 동맥류는 매우 드문 질환으로 1987년부터 1994년까지 인제대학교 의과대학 서울백병원 흉부외과학교실에서는 총 12례를 경험하였으며 이는 이 기간중의 심폐체외순환을 이용한 심장수술중 0.7%였다. 남자가 8례, 여자가 4례였고, 연령분포는 8세에서 38세까지로 평균 19.2세 였다. 파열이 있었던 경우는 8례였다. 발살바동 동맥류의 기원은 우측 발살바동에서 10례(83.3%), noncoronary 발살바동에서 2례 (16.6%)였다. 파열된 경우에는 우측 발살바동에서 6례, noncoronary발살바동에서 2례였으며, 우측 발살바동에서 기원한 6례중 5례가 우심실로, 1례가 우심방 및 우심실로 파열됐고, noncoronary 발살바동에서 기원한 2례중 1례가 우심방으로, 1례가 우심실로 파열됐었다. 동반된 심질환은 심실중격결손이 10례(83.3%)였고 이중 9례는 우측 발살바동에서 동반되었으며, 대동맥 판폐쇄부전이 동반된 예는 3례로서 모두 심실중격결손도 같이 동반하고 있었다. 그외 승모판폐쇄부전이 1례, 우심실양분증이 1례였다. 조기사망은 없었고, 만기사망은 술후 15개월에서 1례있었는데 심내막염으로 인하여 사망하였다. 술후 평균 29개월(4~60개월)간의 추적기간 \ulcorner만기사망 1례를 제외한 11례에서 WYHA기능적 분류로 classs I의 상태이다. 수술의 위험도나 사망률이 낮으므로 합병증의 위험이 있으면 파열이 없더라도 수술하여야 하며, 파열이 있는 경우는 진단이 되면 바로 수술을 해야할 것으로 사료된다. 대부분의 경우 대동맥판막 및 동맥류의 정확한 판단 및 교정을 위해 대동맥절개가 필요하다. 한편 동반된 심질환도 동시에 교정해주며 특히 대동맥판막에 대해서는 철저히 교정 해주어야 한다고 생각한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.61-80
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• 2011

This study estimated the prototype of Yangjindang at the time of its foundation by putting together the literature and discovered data and historical research on family related to Sangju Yangjindang, and looked at its architectural characteristics. These are summarized as follows: First, Yangjindang is an office building which was completed in three years [1629] after its start of construction when Keomgan Jojeong was at the age of 72 [1626] in his latter days and it was used for performing ancestral rites for Jojeong's forefathers of the head family of Pungyang Jo by family origin. Yangjindang was founded as a base of utopia for putting ancestral rites & commemoration, harmoniousness of a tribe, and educational idea into practice together with Ojakdang. Such a movement can be judged to interpret and apply the circumstances of the times realistically and flexibly where they tried to pursue the promotion of Confucianism & studies of the proprieties as well as the consciousness of practice, and to bring a tribe into harmony after the war through the retirement of Toegye School. Second, it is located at a topographically ideal spot on the edge of the Jangcheon-a tributary of Nakdong with a good physiology and landscape and its location was also the lot for a house of Jojeong's ancestor, which was burned down by war. Behind such a location and planning of Yangjindang, it is presumed, though not certain that it was modelled after Naeap village at Andong- Jojeong's parents-in-low's home. Third, as for its foundation size, it's a head house as much as about more than 100-kan, and its structure is composed of Samyo, Bonche, and Yangjindang. In addition, arrangements of buildings and its composition system and renovation procedures followed Chu-tzu Garyoe. Composition of Samyo can be restored to Yangjindang, Jugo, Woesammun, and Samyo; however, there has been no case of existence in case of Jugo building composition & arrangement takes on an aspect of a compromise between Gamyojido and Sandangjido of Garoe, which seems to be the result from flexibly interpreting and applying the rituals and studies of the proprieties of Toegye School in keeping with locational topography and realistic circumstances while making it a principle for them to observe by Toegye School. There exists a difference between Bonche and its counterpart of the upper class housing at Sangju district in that Bonche[main building] is a squre-shaped 'Ttuljip' typical of Andong setting a family ancestral ritual as a main function. Fourth, there existed a lot of hardships in raising money to cover repairs in time of doing repairs to this structure after 180 years since its establishment. In case of the repair work on Bonche, the level of renovation was limited to the replacement of old materials for rafters, doorpost, roof members and railings with new materials, together with partial alterations in case of window system. It is estimated that Yangjindang was renovated in 1808, and afterwards it was renamed Okryujeong after being re-built at another site. Through the repairs, the floor was expanded for the clan's meeting, and angle rafters and roof members were mended as well. Especially, the plane and structure of Okryujeong which was re-built at another site are expected to give clues to its restoration due to the resemblance to original appearance of Yangjindang at the time of its renovation in 1808.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.41-75
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• 2004

이 논문은 기록관리법의 개정과 관련하여, 우리나라 기록관리의 현황에서 개선되어야 할 방안을 크게 세 가지로 구분하여 논술하였다. 그 세 가지 사항은 바로 1)중앙기록물관리기관으로서의 <국가기록원(National Archives & Records Service of Korea)>의 위상 문제, 2)기록관리 전문인력의 제도 및 양성 문제, 3)기록박물전시관의 설치 문제이다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현재의 <국가기록원>은 국가 중앙기록물관리기관으로서, 행정자치부 내에서 최소한 차관급 이상의 청(廳) 단위인 <국가기록청>으로 그 위상이 반드시 승격되어야 함을 주장하였다. 둘째, 기록관리법에서 현재 '기록관리학 석사학위 이상 등'으로 규정된 학력제한 사항을 '기록관리학 학사학위 이상 등'으로 하향조정하여, 기록관리 전문인력의 저변확대를 꾀하여야 한다. 그리고 기록관리 전문인력의 공무원 채용을 위하여 '연구직종/기록관리직군'을 신설하거나, 현재의 '학예직' 및 '사서직' 및 '기록관리직'을 통합하여 새로운 '기록문화직군'을 독립직군으로 신설하는 방안도 검토되어야 함을 주장하였다. 셋째, 각 지방자치단체 기록관 사업에서는 각 지방자치단체 특유의 전통문화와 기록유산을 계승 발전시키는 것이 최우선 과제로 선정되어야 가장 중요한 사명이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 향후 개정될 기록관리법에는, 현행 기록관리법에 명시되지 못한 각 지방자치단체에 <기록관>의 설립을 의무화함과 동시에, 이 기록관 내에 이른바 <기록박물전시관>의 설치를 의무화하도록 제안하였다. 또한 해당 지방자치단체에서만 독특하게 형성된 유구한 문화와 역사를 그 지방자치단체의 기록관에서 특성화시킴으로써, 여타 지자체의 기록관과는 차별화하는 것이 매우 중요하기 때문에, 각 지자체별로 특성화된 기록관의 명칭을 부여하는 방안도 아울러 제시하였다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권33호
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• pp.31-53
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• 2013

20세기 초 모더니즘 예술의 다양한 실험은 필름과 카메라의 발명과 함께 애니메이션을 탄생시켰다. 초창기에는 영화, 사진, 미술 등 예술가들에 의해 이미지와 시간을 접목한 다양한 분야의 이미지 실험이 이루어졌다. 그러나 이후 애니메이션이 상업적으로 성공을 거두면서 점차 흥미위주의 작품이 주류로 자리 잡아 갔으며, 초기 애니메이션의 실험적 특성은 소위 비주류 애니메이션으로 명맥이 유지되었다. 디즈니 애니메이션 역시 상업적인 작품을 제작하면서 초기작품의 실험적 형태, 움직임의 표현, 그리고 초현실주의적 관점이 반영돼 모더니즘 예술로 긍정적인 평가를 받아왔었지만, 점차 영화적 리얼리즘을 표방하여 3차원적 영상 이미지 표현에 몰두하였다. 그 예로 애니메이터들에겐 드로잉과 라이브액션 푸티지(liveaction footage)를 연구하는 클래스를 열어 사람과 동물의 움직임을 재현하는 테크닉을 발전시켜갔다. 또한 2차원 원급법의 표현적 한계를 극복하고자 기술적으로 멀티플레인 카메라(multiplane camera), 3D컴퓨터그래픽스와의 합성 등 이미지의 입체감을 강화시켜갔다. 더욱이 내용면으로 대중적인 동화 소재의 선택과 월트 디즈니 개인의 실사영화에 대한 관심은 애니메이션 연출에서 헐리우드 영화적 내러티브의 관습과 이미지 재현의 사실성을 강화시켜 초기 작품들이 갖고 있던 고유의 특성이 변질되면서 디즈니 애니메이션은 하위 영상문화 또는 아동적인 것으로 인식되는 원인이 됐다. 그러나 사라진 듯 보인 초기 모더니즘의 특성들은 이미지 표현에 있어 현재에도 디즈니 애니메이션에 계승되고 있다. 여전히 장르의 특성상 내러티브의 범주에서 디자인의 대상성은 중요시되지만 그 표현에 있어서는, 모더니즘 회화가 추구했던 이미지의 단순화와 과장으로 형태와 색이 줄 수 있는 심리적작용은 애니메이션 디자인에 활용되어 과거에 비해 그 특성은 더욱 강화됐다. 먼저 간단한 도형의 형태로 단순화된 모더니즘 회화의 특성은 캐릭터 디자인에 차용되고, 색은 대상의 장식이나 고증적 재현의 일차원적 목표를 넘어 카메라와 인물의 움직임으로 한 하면에서 배치가 바뀌면서 충돌 상쇄하여 관객에게 내적 경험을 유도하게 한다. 추상회화에서 색의 해방이 평면성으로 귀결된 것과 같이 캐릭터의 단순화된 개념적 색상의 사용은 캐릭터를 평면적으로 보이게 할뿐더러 이와 대조되는 공간은 더욱 평면적으로 나타나게 된다. 또한 카메라 움직임에 따라 드러나는 배경의 다중시점은 다양한 각도에서 대상의 본질을 표현하려한 모더니즘 회화를 연상시키기에 충분하다. 이러한 특성들이 초기 모더니즘 회화가 줬던 경험을 환기시킨다는 점에 입각하여 본 연구는 현대 작품들 사례를 중심으로 단순화 또는 과장된 형태, 내적표현의 색, 그리고 공간 사건의 배경의 역할을 유지하면서 움직임이 주는 경험을 20세기 초 모더니즘 회화의 특성과 비교 분석한다.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.299-320
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• 2012

본 연구는 상보적 수업을 활용한 읽기전략 학습상담프로그램이 초등학생의 독해력, 초인지 및 자기효능감에 미치는 효과를 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 중소도시 초등학교 5학년 2개 학급을 각각 실험집단과 통제집단으로 선정하고, 실험집단에 5주 동안 총 10회기의 상보적 수업을 활용한 읽기전략 학습상담프로그램을 실시하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상보적 수업을 활용한 읽기전략 학습상담프로그램은 초등학생들의 독해력과 그 하위 요인인 사실적 이해와 감상적 이해 영역에서 유의한 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 상보적 수업을 활용한 읽기전략 학습상담프로그램은 초인지의 하위요인인 조정 영역에서 유의한 효과가 있었다. 셋째, 상보적 수업을 활용한 읽기전략 학습상담프로그램은 자기효능감에서 유의한 효과가 있었다. 새로운 읽기전략에 대한 경험과 또래집단 구성원간에 주고받는 도움과 성공 경험이 자기효능감에 긍정적인 영향을 준 것으로 볼 수 있다. 넷째, 학생의 활동보고서 및 연구자의 관찰결과와 함께 프로그램에 대한 만족도 평가를 실시한 결과에서 초등학생들이 협동학습을 통해 학습 집단에서 공동 목표를 설정하고 그 목표를 달성하기 위해서 함께 노력하여 다른 구성원에게 도움을 주고받으며 즐겁게 참여하는 것이 긍정적인 프로그램 효과에 기여하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상과 같은 연구 결과를 통해 상보적 수업을 활용한 읽기전략 학습상담프로그램이 초등학생들의 독해력, 초인지, 자기효능감을 향상시키는데 긍정적인 효과가 있었다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.65-106
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• 1986

1, The Purpose of Study This is a study on the Evaluation of the operating of Fisheries Extension Services of Korea, for performing the activities such as guiding fisheries technique as well as offering industrial information to the fishermen in fishing village. By doing so, the Fisheries Extension Sevices(FES) can materialize the continued growth of fisheries, the social and economic development of fishing village, and the increase in income by enhancing the knowledge level of Fishermen, etc. In performing fisheries policy, this activity plays a great role on the research and development activity, and it has become practical since 1976 in Korea. In order to meet immediately with the problem of fisheries technical innovation and rapid environmental changes surrounding the fisheries, the fishermen should not only enhance their scientific and comprehensive capacity in fisheries technique but abtain various effective information. Generally, as most of all the fishemen are poor in the managerial structure and scattered in fishing villages, they have little opportunity in the contact of information. As a result, it is nessessary for the FES to perform the fishing business by the extension service officials who has received special training and acquired fisheries know-how in these fields. And yet, FES is under the unfullfilled circumstance in such factors as manpower, technical know-how, equipment, and the service system etc., which is required in promoting the social, economic development of fishing village and in resolving the high technique demand of fisherman. This study on the fisheries extension services have been studied from those backgrounds. 2. Research Method The data of collecting methods which were necessary in carrying out this study was adopted by the questionaire research on the present extension service activity, through the subject of the extension services (driving agency of the work and the officials), the object(fishemen) and the 3rd observers to the extension services (the authorities concerned). The research sample was taken by the sampling extraction of total 1, 774 men from the above 3 groups. And the research was carried out from August, 1986 to October, 1986, supported from the Fisheries Extension Office (FEO) located in field during the research process. In this study, the levels of the extension operating were determined and estimated in accordance with the extension service method, morale of extension service officials and the extension service system, etc. through the collected data of the research questionaire paper. And based on this result, the essential conditions of the extension services were grasped, and also we tried to present the various activity plan necessary to promote the operating of the extension services. The questionaire research data was calculated by the computer center of National Fisheries University of Pusan, and the total result was again tried on the one demension analysis along with two dimension analysis to search out the relativity between the questionaire, and the statistical test was done $\chi$$^2$test in significance level of l~5%. 3. Contents of Study This study consists of 7 chapters and the contents are as follows : Chapter I : The object and method of the study Chapter II : The assessment and analysis of the extension services Chapter III : The contents and method of the extension services Chapter IV : Analysis of the essential conditions for the extension services Chapter V : The evaluation of activities of extension services Chapter Ⅵ : Conclusion.4. Results and RecommendationTherefore, the results of this study estimated by logical process and analysis are as follows : 1) Most of Korean fishing villages and coastal fishermen have shown much concerns about fisheries technique and social changes, thus many of them were confronted with new problems on how to adapt and to meet changes. 2) Majority of fishermen estimated FEO as an organization of specific technologies with all the thing concerning the fisheries technique in general. Therefore the fishermen wanted to utilize the FEO as an adaptable method for the modern fisheries techniques as well as the environmental changes. 3) In contrast with the fast changes of the fisheries technique, the complexity and variety of technical system and the broadness of fishing village and fishermen, it was revealed that the necessary factors such as the facilities, manpower, budget, and the level of applying techniques of the FEO located in field were highly insufficient. Accordingly, the guiding efficiency was low and the extension services did not provide full solution to the various request from fishermen. 4) It is possible to classify the activation factor for the extension service into two large dimension ; personal dimension relevant to guidance officials and work dimension relevant to the organization. And it was found that the activation level of the work dimension was far lower than the personal dimension between them. So, the activation should be done first in the dimesion to promote the activation of the extension services. 5) The extension services officials are now demoralized in general, thus it is necessary to take reality into consideration : the expense of activity, the adequate endowment of activity scope and the reasonable operation of the position class, etc to enhance its morale. However, in order to do the FES activation, first of all, the systems should be established which is lain unsettled stage until now. And there must be change in the understanding of government i.e. the fisheries extension services are the essential policy subject to build up the base of fisheries growth and modernize the fisheries management. And it should be driven positively with the recognition of the "lasting project".g project".uot;.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.63-83
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for more efficient dental hygienist human resources utilization and for determining some of the right directions for supplementary education for dental hygienists, by examining how they actually worked and what they thought of job-related things. The subjects in this study were 537 dental hygienists who participated in a seminar by the Korea Dental Hygienist Association. After a survey was conducted, the following findings were given: 1. 50.2% of the dental hygienists investigated completed legally required eight-class education. Those who worked in clinics took less supplementary education classes than the others in the other types of dental institutions. The main reason they didn't receive supplementary education was financial burden and uncooperative employers. 73.2% took supplementary education at the association or its branches. The association was most favored by those in clinical sector as a place that provides supplementary education, followed by its branch and university in the order named. And the dental hygienists in public health sector preferred university most, and the next best favored one was the association and its branch in the order named. Those in clinical sector hoped to acquire clinical information on patient management, implant or aesthetics, and the dental hygienists in public health sector wanted to learn about health administration, public oral health operations and oral health education, which were different from what those in clinical sector wanted. 2. Regarding the period of service, 492% had worked for three years or more. This fact suggested that their service term and average age continued to grow. And they thought they would decide the retirement time on their own. 3. The most common yearly income ranged from 12 million won to 16 million won(40.7%). For-those in clinics, yearly income was 14.36 million won, and that of the dental hygienists who had worked for less than 3 years was 12.90 million won. 4. The Korea Dental Hygienist Association was most required to protect the rights and interests of the members and offer new knowledge and technology. 5. The largest group of them were engaged in patient management, and this type of job also was the most favored one for them to do. The greatest number of the dental hygienists in public health sector were in charge of dental treatment. 6. Concerning their turnover rate, 492% had never changed their occupation. Specifically, 70.0% of the respondents who had worked for less than 3 years had have no experience to do that. The time constraints for self-development and conflicts with other workers were the cause of their turnover. Those in dental hospital and general hospital changed their occupation chiefly due to the lack of time for self-development, and for the dental hygienists in clinics, the conflicts with other workers were the main reason. The above-mentioned findings suggested that the way the dental hygienists looked at things was undergoing change. The service area made a difference to their preference for the type of supplementary education and institution in charge of it, as those in public health and clinical sectors had a different opinion. And the dental hygienists in clinical sector had a different opinion as well, according to service area, about salaries, reason of not taking supplementary education, preferred type of supplementary education, cause of turnover, and type of occupation to which they hoped to change employment. To utilize and supply human resources in a more stabilized manner, job description should be more segmented, standardized and classified clearly, and dental hygienists should be motivated to perform their substantial jobs, including oral disease prevention, oral prophylaxis and oral health education. To make it happen, it seems that dentists are required to have a clear understanding of dental hygienist job and to change the way they look at it.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.318-332
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• 2015

2012년 농림수산 식품부 자료에 따르면 국내 식용 옥수수 재배 면적은 약 15,000 ha, 생산량은 74,399 톤이며, 옥수수의 식량 자급률은 3,8%, 곡물자급률은 0.9% 내외로 소비량의 대부분을 수입에 의존하고 있다. 옥수수 전체 수입량의 75%가 사료용, 23%가 가공용으로 국내 사료 및 산업소재로서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있지만 옥수수 수입대체 및 품종 개발과 관련된 국내 연구는 내수를 위하여 제한적으로 수행되어 왔기 때문에 그 동안 축적된 기술을 바탕으로 종자시장이 협소한 국내보다는 해외를 대상으로 한 기술 개발이 시급하다. 현재 동남아시아는 외국 투자 유치를 자국 경제 발전의 원동력으로 삼고 외국인 투자자에 대해 면세혜택까지 부여하며 각종 지원책을 내세워 투자를 유도하고 있다. 최근 동남아시아의 경제 성장과 더불어 노동임금과 토지임대료가 올라 농업이 점점 어려워진다는 얘기도 있지만 농업 기계화와 선진 영농을 접목시켜 노동생산성을 높이면 우리나라보다는 발전의 여지가 많이 남아있는 땅이다. 특히 세계적으로 축산물 수요가 증가하는 가운데 옥수수를 이용한 가공식품 및 사료작물의 활용은 좋은 아이템이 아닐 수 없다. 따라서 동남아시아를 대상으로 하는 해외식량기지로서의 가능성을 타진하고 해외 수출용 옥수수 품종을 개발하여 개발 품종에 대한 마케팅 판매 전략의 수립을 목적으로 진행된 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 동남아시아의 주요 곡물 생산량 중 옥수수의 생산량은 1990년대를 기점으로 가축 사육 증가와 더불어 지속적으로 증가하고 있으나 옥수수 재배 농가의 재래종 사용 및 농사를 위한 기본 인프라 시설과 열악한 관개시설, 수확 후 관리기술의 미흡으로 단위면적당 생산성은 낮은 편이다. 최근 급속한 기후 변화로 인한 수량감소도 생산성을 저해하는 중요한 요인으로 작용하면서 내재해 다수성 교잡종 품종의 수요 및 요구도가 높아지고 있다. 2. 인도네시아는 1992년부터 3계교잡을 이용하여 개발된 품종이 보급되기 시작하여 2001년 부터는 단교잡 품종을 개발하여 보급하고 있고 캄보디아는 사료용 옥수수의 거의 대부분을 CP 캄보디아가 농가로부터 수매하여 사료를 제조하고, 농가는 이 회사로부터 옥수수 종자를 구매하여 재배하는 상호 유기적 관계를 유지하고 있었다. 2010년 이후 캄보디아의 주요 재배 품종은 몬산토의 DK8868, DK9955, 신젠타의 NK6326, NK7328, CP그룹의 CP333 등 여전히 다국적 기업 및 현지 로컬 기업의 품종이 재배되고 있었다. 베트남은 동남아시아에서 많은 양의 옥수수를 수입하는 대표적인 국가 중 하나로 1990년부터 2011년까지 평균 수입량이 수출량의 13배에 달한다. 또한 경제성장 및 육류소비의 증가로 인한 사료용 옥수수의 수입으로 베트남의 옥수수는 주변 국가에 비해 높은 시장 가격을 형성하고 있다. 이에 베트남 정부는 정책적인 투자로 생산 효율성 향상을 위해 LVN-10과 같은 다양한 개량종 품종을 개발하고 있을 뿐 아니라 해충저항성, 제초제저항성 품종과 같은 GM작물의 재배를 승인 하였다. 이는 2020년까지 지속가능한 농업을 장려하는 계획과 맞물려 GM작물을 30~50%까지 늘려 농산물의 품질을 개선하여 농촌소득을 증진시킬 계획이다. 3. 국내의 협소한 종자 시장 한계를 극복하기 위해 동남아시아에 우리 농업관련 기관이나 민간기업 등이 진출하려면, 현지의 투자환경과 여건을 사전에 조사하고 외국인과 외국기업에 관련된 법규 및 사례를 충분히 검토하여야 한다. 세계 굴지의 종자회사인 몬산토, 듀퐁, 신젠타 뿐 아니라 로컬 기업이 장악하고 있는 시장으로의 진입을 위해 기술, 품질 및 가격 경쟁력을 갖춘 신품종의 개발이 필요하다. 신품종의 개발은, 사전에 조사한 현지 시장 분석 마케팅 역량 및 정부의 투자지원 정책과 접목되었을 때 농산물의 해외 진출 성과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.