• Title/Summary/Keyword: New Terrorism

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A Study on Understanding of Middle-East Terrorism : Focusing on Islamic Fundamentalism (이슬람 원리주의를 통해 본 중동지역테러리즘의 이해)

  • Park, Gi-Beom;Kang, Min-Wan;Jun, Yong-Tae
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.12
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    • pp.149-175
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the character of Islamic fundamentalism and Middle-Ease Terrorism. The aim of Islamic fundamentalism is reconstruction of Ummah(Muslim Unity), thee early society of Muhammad's age. Islamic movement insist to restore the spirit of Islam and purify the society of Islam from the United State and Western world. Now, Islamic fundamentalism movement as a new ideology, appeals to muslim in the world. The concept of modern national state from the Western countries do not accord with the traditional Islamic principles of reign and a spirit of nationalism. On the other hand, Islamic movement have no legitimacy in the system of modern state which govern the Arab world, regardless of the form of government. For this reasons, Islamic fundamentalist have an insecure position and their political activities. It is yet far from their purpose, to reconstruct the muslim unity, to realize the Islamic political principle close to their practical methods. Yet Islamic fundamental movement have not overcome the system of secular state. The Middle East terrorism supported by government might be eradicated by America's anti-terrorism policy. However, it will be serious and spread all over the world that the terrorist attack against the U. S. and western countries is acted by militant warriors of Islamic fundamentalism, uniting Arab and Islamic people's emotions against America and western countries. There are some reasons that we need to focus on the Arab and Islamic fundamentalism. We need to get out of misunderstanding and discrimination about Islamic religion and culture from America's and Western' standard Which are only their new world order. The discrimination of America and western nations against muslim could make other ideologies, opposite to the world peace. There are a lot of foreign workers from Islam countries in Korea. We need to give consideration and attention to them for the our globalization and world peace. It is time to consider what to do for the nation's profit(economical, political, strategic)with right understanding. We are not safe and free from the terrorism yet.

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Some New Problems of International Aviation Security- Considerations Forcused on its Legal Aspects (최근국제항공보안대책(最近國際航空保安対策)의 제간제(諸間題) -특히 법적측면(法的測面)을 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Choi, Wan-Sik
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.5
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    • pp.53-75
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    • 1993
  • This article is concerned with the comment on "Some New Problems of International Aviation Security-Considerations Forcused on its Legal Aspects". Ever since 1970, in addition to the problem of failure to accept the Tokyo, Hague and Montreal Conventions, there has been also the problem of parties to them, failing to comply with their obligations under the respective treaties, in the form especially of nominal penalties or the lack of any effort to prosecute after blank refusals to extradite. There have also been cases of prolonged detention of aircraft, passengers and hostages. In this regard, all three conventions contain identical clauses which submit disputes between two or more contracting States concerning the interpretation or application of the respective conventions to arbitration or failing agreement on the organization of the arbitration, to the International Court of Justice. To the extent to which contracting States have not contracted out of this undertaking, as I fear they are expressly allowed to do, this promision can be used by contracting States to ensure compliance. But to date, this avenue does not appear to have been used. From this point of view, it may be worth mentioning that there appears to be an alarming trend towards the view that the defeat of terrorism is such an overriding imperative that all means of doing so become, in international law, automatically lawful. In addition, in as far as aviation security is concerned, as in fact it has long been suggested, what is required is the "application of the strictest security measures by all concerned."In this regard, mention should be made of Annex 17 to the Chicago Convention on Security-Safeguarding International Civil Aviation against Acts of Unlawful Intereference. ICAO has, moreover, compiled, for restricted distribution, a Security Manual for Safeguarding Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful Interference, which is highly useful. In this regard, it may well be argued that, unless States members of ICAO notify the ICAO Council of their inability to comply with opecific standards in Annex 17 or any of the related Annexes in accordance with Article 38 of the 1944 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation, their failure to do so can involve State responsibility and, if damage were to insure, their liability. The same applies to breaches of any other treaty obligation. I hope to demonstrate that although modes of international violence may change, their underlying characteristics remain broadly similar, necessitating not simply the adoption of an adequate body of domestic legislation, firm in its content and fairly administered, but also an international network of communication, of cooperation and of coordination of policies. Afurther legal instrument is now being developed by the Legal Committee of ICAO with respect to unlawful acts at International airports. These instruments, however, are not very effective, because of the absence of universal acceptance and the deficiency I have already pointed out. Therefore, States, airports and international airlines have to concentrate on prevention. If the development of policies is important at the international level, it is equally important in the domestic setting. For example, the recent experiences of France have prompted many changes in the State's legislation and in its policies towards terrorism, with higher penalties for terrorist offences and incentives which encourage accused terrorists to pass informations to the authorities. And our government has to tighten furthermore security measures. Particularly, in the case an unarmed hijacker who boards having no instrument in his possession with which to promote the hoax, a plaintiff-passenger would be hard-pressed to show that the airline was negligent in screening the hijacker prior to boarding. In light of the airline's duty to exercise a high degree of care to provide for the safety of all the passengers on board, an acquiescence to a hijacker's demands on the part of the air carrier could constitute a breach of duty only when it is clearly shown that the carrier's employees knew or plainly should have known that the hijacker was unarmed. The general opinion is that the legal oystem could be sufficient, provided that the political will is there to use and apply it effectively. All agreed that the main responsibility for security has to be borne by the governments. A state that supports aviation terrorism is responsible for violation of International Aviation Law. Generally speaking, terrorism is a violation of international law. It violates the sovereign rights of states, and the human rights of the individuals. We have to contribute more to the creation of a general consensus amongst all states about the need to combat the threat of aviation terrorism. I think that aviation terrorism as becoming an ever more serious issue, has to be solved by internationally agreed and closely co - ordinated measures.

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A Study on the Classification of Cyber Dysfunction and the Social Cognition Analysis in the Intelligent Information Society (지능정보사회의 사이버 역기능 분류와 사회적 인식 분석)

  • Lim, Gyoo Gun;Ahn, Jae Ik
    • Journal of Information Technology Services
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.55-69
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    • 2020
  • The Internet cyber space has become more important as it enters the intelligent information society of the 4th Industrial Revolution beyond the information age through the development of ICT, the expansion of personalized services through mobile and SNS, the development of IoT, big data, and artificial intelligence. The Internet has formed a new paradigm in human civilization, but it has focused only on the efficiency of its functions. Therefore, various side effects such as information divide, cyber terrorism, cyber violence, hacking, and personal information leakage are emerging. In this situation, facing the intelligent information society can lead to an uncontrollable chaos. Therefore, this study classifies the cyber dysfunction of intelligent information society and analyzes social cognition, suggests cyber dysfunction standard of intelligent information society, and examines the seriousness of dysfunction, and suggests technical research directions for future technologies and services. The dysfunctional classification of the intelligent information society was classified into five areas of cyber crime and terrorism, infringement of rights, intelligent information usage culture, intelligent information reliability, and social problems by FGI methodology. Based on the classification, the social perception of current and future cyber dysfunction severity was surveyed and it showed female is more sensitive than male about the dysfunction. A GAP analysis confirmed social awareness that the future society would be more serious about AI and cyber crime

How to enhance the security and operation of Self Bag Drop systems (SBD(Self Bag Drop) Systems의 보안 및 운영 개선 방안에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Ha-na;Kwon, Pilje;Lee, Kang-seok
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.55-65
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    • 2018
  • The SBD systems have made it possible that all boarding procedures are completed by passengers. With the SBD, air tickets can be issued and baggage can be consigned without the help of airline officers. This way, the SBD can improve the passenger circulation speed as well as decrease the time for passengers to wait for check-in, which is connected to the reduction of airlines' operaitonal costs. However, given that the SBD is a new technology, it has potentials to be used as a tool for air terrorism. This study purposes to determine methods to enhance the security and operation of SBD systems. With the aim, this paper investigated the existing literature on SBDs, self-check-in, airport security, air terrorism, risk management, aviation accidents, and information security. In order to compile real-time information about the SBD operations, twelve airports in North America, Europe, and Asia were analyzed based on existing studies on international SBD trends.

A Study on Bush Administration’s Foreign Policy of North Korea (부시행정부의 대북정책에 관한 소고)

  • Lee, Gang-Eon;Jang, Myeong-Sun
    • Journal of National Security and Military Science
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    • s.3
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    • pp.169-196
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    • 2005
  • The point of Bush administraion’s foreign policy is to support the promotion and stability of Democracy in Iraq and counter terrorism and spread of WMD with his strong propulsive force caused by his reelection. In such an environment, there are his leadership, his team, himself, Kim Jung Il, and a new understanding of North Korea after September 11 as the effective factors of Bush administration’s policy toward Pyongyang. Bush administration’s foreign policy of North Korea also shows the process of North Korea’s nuclear weapon program and the future scenario of the Korean Peninsula with "the persistence of solving North Korea’s nuclear weapon program such as the method having done in Lybia", "the holding unconditional talks with Pyongyang, and "the continual concerns with human rights in North Korea." The purpose of Bush administration’s foreign policy of North Korea is to make North Korea do not support terrorism rather than remove the nuclear weapon in North Korea. The process of outlining South Korea’s policy toward North Korea must be considered for "national interest" with reasonable analyses not just hopes For this, South Korea must access systematically human rights of North Korea, prepare projects for a daring approach on North Korea, and strengthen South Korea’s defense ability toward North Korea with deep alliance with U.S and systematize the mutual understanding channel between U.S and South Korea. In conclusion, South Korea must try to get specific methods and practices about Bush administration’s foreign policy of North Korea with national wisdom

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Cyber threats: taxonomy, impact, policies, and way forward

  • Malik, Annas W.;Abid, Adnan;Farooq, Shoaib;Abid, Irfan;Nawaz, Naeem A.;Ishaq, Kashif
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.16 no.7
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    • pp.2425-2458
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    • 2022
  • The continuous evolution and proliferation of computer technology and our increasing dependence on computer technology have created a new class of threats: "cyber threats." These threats can be defined as activities that can undermine a society's ability to maintain internal or external order while using information technology. Cyber threats can be mainly divided into two categories, namely cyber-terrorism and cyber-warfare. A variety of malware programs are often used as a primary weapon in these cyber threats. A significant amount of research work has been published covering different aspects of cyber threats, their countermeasures, and the policy-making for cyber laws. This article aims to review the research conducted in various important aspects of cyber threats and provides synthesized information regarding the fundamentals of cyber threats; discusses the countermeasures for such threats; provides relevant details of high-profile cyber-attacks; discusses the developments in global policy-making for cyber laws, and lastly presents promising future directions in this area.

The Preventive Measures Against The North Korea's Hitec-based Weaponry for Terror in The World Cup 2002 (최첨단무기테러에 대응한 2002년 월드컵축구대회 안전대책)

  • Kim, Doo-Hyun
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.5
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    • pp.41-69
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    • 2002
  • This work analyze the hitec-based arms systems which might raise the tentions by terrorism. Apparently they are largely dependent on the biochemicals, electronics, laser, and cybernetics. Also they draw an attention to us of a probability of various threats from the terrorists, or ill intending regimes to deter the 2002's World Cup, under the heading of 'New Centennial, Meeting, and Start Movement.' What follows is that this research strongly proposes that we should take prior safety actions for hosting the successful World Cup Match in Korea-Japan as well as maintain the national security for peace.

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A Study on the Establishment of Anti-Drone Concept and Effective Response System (안티드론 개념 정립 및 효과적인 대응체계 수립에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Donghyuk;Kang, Wook
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.60
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    • pp.9-31
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    • 2019
  • Due to the development of technology and popularization of drone, the so-called "dirty drone" that exploits drones for crimes and terrorism has become a social problem, and it is time to seriously consider the "revenge of drones." Indeed, the cases of threats posed by drones are expanding not only to threats to ground facilities, but also to aviation safety threats, more recently to large-scale events, demonstrations and crimes targeting specific personnel, and terrorism. This research clearly defined the concept of anti-drone when it emerged as a new type of social safety threat as it was abused in crime and terrorism, while response to it was not enough yet. Through this process, it was intended to present an effective anti-drones system. We analyzed the major controversial elements of anti-drone, and defined them as "comprehensive response activities at the legal, institutional and technical levels performed by law enforcement agencies, related technology and industrial entities in a way that prevents, detects, and blocks acts that violate public well-being and order, such as crimes and terrorism caused by the drones." To effectively respond to dirty drones, the authority of law enforcement agencies and the enactment of relevant laws were proposed. In the future, a comprehensive and systematic follow-up study of the anti system should be conducted.

Propensity Analysis of Terrorism and Political Leaders Countermeasures (정치지도자 요인테러 성향 분석과 대응방안)

  • Kang, Kyoung Soo;Song, Sang Wook
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.287-296
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    • 2012
  • This study is analysis of the existing domestic terrorism factors and suggest countermeasures for political leadership that can occur to the precautionary terror occasion of the presidential election approached 100 days in the future. Political terror caused mainly achieved peak of Ideology or social conflict by Politically alienated class. Common cause is most likely to occur when the party or the government want to attack a target or can not stand disadvantaged and lose that I suppert the party or the government. 21st century political terror is occurred with Misfits of complaints expressed or social conflict more frequency than attack used random people, new weqpon and bomb. It is interpreted that issued as a drastic measure from individual complaint because of increased polarization of wealth by separate into group and fallen law and order but also we are not familiar with the political compromises. Personal safety escort mission is essential condition of political activity that Absolute personal protection and to come up with a large number of voters for best result. Thus security guard ought to professional security activity depend on gathered situation, location and regional feature for perfect protection service.

A Method to Develop Security System through the Analysis on Dangerous Case (위해사례분석을 통한 경호제도의 발전방안)

  • Yu, Hyung-Chang;Kim, Tae-Min
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.16
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    • pp.161-187
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to suggest a development method of current Korean security system by analyzing the problems shown in the performance of security work in relation to the terrorism, which is enlarging in the word, from various aspects. In order to perform the study, the researcher considered the basic theory concerned to current Korean law concerned to security, principle and methodology of security, terror and new terrorism. The researcher performed the study by selecting qualitative case study focused on Park Geun-Hye case. Through the study, the methods to develop Korean security system are as follows. First, from the legal aspect, it is necessary to establish the law concerned to terrorism prevention and important person security. Moreover, it is necessary to search for the development of private security by revising Security Industry Act, which is a legal ground of private security. Second, it is necessary to improve and reinforce education & training program, which is not still divided in detail from the aspect of private security cultivation. Moreover, it is necessary to activate personal protection work and enlarge market through Security Industry Act and make an effort to change social recognition over security, which is devaluated in the society. From the viewpoint, national license about private security shall be adopted. The department of president security, which is a representative of official security, shall transfer the advanced technology to private security organization. Third, from the aspect of operation, the operation of security based on SCE principle, human shield principle, the nearest person's protection principle, body extension principle, linear protection principle and evacuation priority principle is required. Therefore, the priority shall be given to preventive security and thorough security plan shall be made for the operation.

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