• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.443-454
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose a structural theoretical model that can explain the learning flow of online distance education participants and to clarify the structural causal relationship among related variables that affect the learning flow of cyber university learners. Study results found a modified final model with a statistically significant fit based on the structural research model proposed in this study explained the learning flow of cyber university learners. Second, as a result of verifying the relationship between learning motivation and learning flow of cyber university learners, it was found that intrinsic motivation had a significant positive effect on learning flow. Third, as a result of the empirical verification on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and learning flow of cyber university learners, it was found that academic self-efficacy had a significant effect on learning flow. Fourth, as a result of empirical verification on the relationship between self-directed learning and the learning flow of cyber university learners, it was found that the learner's self-directed learning ability had a significant effect on learning flow. Such research results can be used to suggest a strategic direction for successful settlement and diffusion of a new paradigm of online non-face-to-face distance education, which has recently attracted attention.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2000

In the past several years, many systems which adopted ring topology with high-speed unidirectional point-to-point links have emerged to overcome the limit of bus for interconnection network of clustered multiprocessor system. However, rapid increase of processor speed and performance improvement of local bus and memory system limit scalability of system with point-to-point link of standard bandwidth. Therefore, necessity to extend bandwidth is emphasized. In this paper, we adopt PANDA system as base model, which is clustering-based multiprocessor system. By simulating a model adopting commercial processor and local bus specification, we show that point-to-point link is bottleneck of system performance, and bandwidth expansion by more than 200% is needed. To expand bandwidth of interconnection network, it needs excessive design cost and time to develop new point-to-point link with doubled bandwidth. As an alternative to double bandwidth, we propose several ways to implement dual ring -simple dual ring, transaction-separated dual ring, direction-separated dual ring- by using off-the-shelf point-to-point links with IEEE standard bandwidth. We analyze pros. and cons. of each model compared with doubled-bandwidth single ring by simulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

Two-Lane Highway of Korea is important, Because it has the largeest portion of all roads of Korea. But it has only one lane for one direction. So, If Delays are happened by low-speed vehicles, high-speed vehicles should over-take through the other side of the road. This over-takings can generate the high possibility of traffic accidents and the severity of traffic accidents by over-takings is very high. Because it generates a head-on collision. But the level of Service that indicates the operation states of Two-Lane Highway is defined as a conception that explains the operation conditions of traffic safety etc. Whencalculating the Level of service. It is considered by only delays. So, in this paper, first, this author wants to present the calculation of delay-time by Total-Delay Rate. Second, by multiplying this delay-time by the costs of delays wants to present the method of calulates the total delay costs. Third, to consider the traffic accidents, After predicting the number of traffic accidents, As multipling this by the average of costs of traffic accidents. want to present the method to calculate Total traffic accidents costs. Forth, present the operation costs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2006

Due to the rapid process of industrialization the cities of Korea confront changes of climate, destructions of the habitate and decrease of the green. Recently Seoul and other local governments have implemented policies and projects to improve the environmental surroundings. In reality, however, those policies and projects face difficulties in the course of implementation. The fact that there are no concrete regulations and specific legal procedures turns out to be one of the main difficulties. The aim of this study is to present specific plans and methods of wall-planting and to provide basic guidelines for the future direction of wall-planting and offer ideas of facilitating wall-planting. This study is based on questionnaires from specialists of landscape architecture through individual interviews and/or e-mails. The questionnaire is consisted of following 4 sections. 1. Show the experts current regulations and/or legal procedures and ask them improvements and suggestions. 2. Ask them choose matters of the highest priority by using Ricardo's diagram method. 3. Ask them to make a graded list in terms of the location and method of wall-planting. 4. Study the maketability of the wall-planting products currently in circulation. The city of Seoul and the Ministry of Environment recommend that trellis and/or planting inducement structures be installed on the building wall by regulation. The specialists responded to the questionnaire advocate that green wall without trellis should be allowed as green zone. Therefore regulations concerning the wall-planting should be determined specifically according to the characteristics of individual plants and walls. It has been urged that legal aid and social support must be reinforced to establish rules dealing with wall-planting. The respondents also point out that significant cutting down of the tax is far more effective in accelerating the wall-green instead of administrative support. The highest priority in terms of planting has been given to sound-proof wall, retaining wall and building wall. Concerning the maketability of the wall-planting products, panel products are recommended for early-planting and building planting. It has been suggested that the research and study of new materials and species be done in advance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.595-603
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• 2013

Touchscreen is now installed in the majority of information devices thanks to the developed digital technology. In case of copiers, although touchscreen was installed earlier than any other information device, current user interface indicates that conventional methods have been maintained without any special re-validation. But, since common office devices such as copiers have brief usage time and clear, straightforward purposes, user experience between an user and device is perhaps an important element. Nevertheless, conservativeness of the market and the fact that users and buyers are not always the same are a stumbling block to actively changing UI. Recently, however, as hardware element, buttons, have moved to touchscreen mostly for smartphone, and common and public devices have seen rapid changes in UX, mostly with touchscreen, it has led to high demand for changes in UX of copiers. To remedy the issues with copiers, a literature review was conducted through existing studies and user evaluation based on user survey and prototype was done to examine the copier's UI elements and relevant changes in usage. In particular, a new direction for UX of copiers was suggested by analyzing the impact of differences between software button-oriented UI and hardware button-oriented UI on users and usability. This study findings could be used as basic data for improving the usability of future common devices including copier and UX design.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.65-75
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• 2001

The movement towards fashion and east-west culture in housewares has placed a requirement upon tableware to be varied and segmentized meals have become more than simply what to eat, where to eat, and how to eat This issue created demand for both practical and aesthetic tableware, that satisfies modern eating habits and lifestyles. Therefore, the following research was commenced in order to assess the development of contemporary tableware and tablecloths that try to harmoniously accommodate tradition and modernity while evoking a younger feel and sophistication. The direction of this study lies in introducing an innovation to tableware, one not based on predetermined combinations, but on an unlimited number of open coordination concepts, an innovation that satisfies movements towards itemization, specialization, and variation of the fashion and fusion represented in the culture of the dining table, and furthermore, the objective of this study lies in the transformation of the conservative image of the Woo Il Yo brand in order for it to exhibit modern sensibilities through a harmonious combination of tradition and modernity, as seen in a new tableware design that provides various table settings that implement color coordination through a mix and match concept The development objective of the design efforts was focused on lunch ware comprising of the following: 15 pieces of tableware items based on 15 tableware designs, 4 pieces of tablecloth items based on 3 tablecloth designs, all combined, comprising 19 pieces of design. Additionally, a dinnerware line was also developed comprising of 8 pisces of tableware items originating from 8 tableware designs and one tablecloth design resulting in one item. As a result of the research, S/S lunch ware line was developed comprising of 15 items of tableware and three tablecloth designs, and a F/W oriented dinnerware line was developed comprising of 5 items.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.167-176
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• 2007

As much time is being spent with the family at weekends by the development of leisure culture, many people have begun to enjoy camping in the field. While many people use pensions or camping cars, many families or groups of friends go on camping in the summer holiday season. Although the tent design in this country has gradually been developed, it is not as developed as overseas designs with unique design characteristics according to climate, cultural behavior and colors. In this research, the American and Korea tent designs are compared in terms of color and frame. The differences are analyzed and a direction for tent designs appropriate for Korea in terms of size, area, ease of carriage and installation is proposed through theoretical data and idea sketches. The frame weight has been minimized and the durability increased for the ease of carriage and installation. The style and number of windows have been increased in order to provide a comfortable space by understanding the influx of airflow and the size of the tent has also been increased to provide extra space for storage. The information on the overseas and domestic tent design trends led to a color comparison and the extraction of images of language. The tent based on the new design is currently being mass-produced in China following 3 months of preparation including sample making and testing.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.593-604
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• 2011

This study examines potential growth and different perspectives on green-walls, which are being re-evaluated recently. The aim is to identify the viewer preferences concerning the walls by collecting a wide spectrum of information to create an interior design related comprehensive and intellectual database. Also based on this proposition, choosing a green surface of indoor wall as a specific example stimulus, identifying a relationship betweeationsviewer's preference factors. The relationship will formulate detailed and absolute qualities, which will reach potential areas that the green walls can be widely applied in. As a result of a factor analysis, the viewers classified into the 3 factors as is pleasant, gorgeous and rich about the stimulus. Preferred key factors, which are closely related to emotional image language, were; cool, tidy, comfortable and beautiful. The common factors in preferred design stimulus, in order of importance are color>elements>image/form/plants. Specific levels of design factors according to relevance are contrast>furniture> modern>central/creeper foliage plants. In the meantime, this study is leading the process of quantitative measurement of green-walls to a new design direction and it is critical to consistently experimenting to back up the theory with solid evidence.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.129-140
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• 2018

This study aimed to analyze consumers' acceptance of sports applications and smart sportswear to better design technology-enhanced walking exercise wear for the Baby Boomer generation based on their cohort characteristics. A questionnaire with items related to acceptance of existing smart sportswear design, functionality, and usability as well as existing sports application design, functionality, and usability was sent to consumers aged 50-65. Of 163 questionnaires distributed, 150 were used for analysis. The results showed that middle-aged consumers were aware of smart sportswear's functional stability, but were concerned about care, durability, and convenience. Middle-aged consumers were also aware of sports applications as educational functions for obtaining new information. Additionally, they found sports applications to have lower perceived convenience and accessibility relative to the young generation, highlighting the need for simple instructions and explanations for sports application planning. Based on these results, we propose "Everyday design for general sportswear," "Functions based on consumer's preference," "Enhanced design for durability and management convenience" for designing and planning walking exercise wear for middle-aged consumers, and "Convenient application organization" and "Educational exercise contents" for application planning for walking exercises.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.351-364
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• 2002

Conventional 3D ultrasound imaging using mechanical ID arrays suffers from poor elevation resolution due to the limited depth-of-focus (DOF). On the other hand, 3D imaging systems using 2D phased arrays have a large number of active channels and hence require a very expensive and bulky beamforming hardware. To overcome these limitations, a new real-time volumetric imaging method using curved 2-D arrays is presented, in which a small subaperture, consisting of 256 elements, moves across the array surface to scan a volume of interest. For this purpose, a 2-D curved array is designed which consists of 90$\times$46 elements with 1.5λ inter-element spacing and has the same view angles along both the lateral and elevation directions as those of a commercial mechanical 1-D array. In the proposed method, transmit and receive subapertures are constructed by cutting the four corners of a rectangular aperture to obtain a required image qualify with a small number of active channels. In addition the receive subaperture size is increased by using a sparse array scheme that uses every other elements in both directions. To suppress the grating lobes elevated due to the increase in clement spacing, fold-over array scheme is adopted in transmit, which doubles the effective size of a transmit aperture in each direction. Computer simulation results show that the proposed method can provide almost the same and greatly improved resolutions in the lateral and elevation directions, respectively compared with the conventional 3D imaging with a mechanical 1-D array.