• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.11
• /
• pp.1285-1289
• /
• 2018

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and other nutrients for humans and animals. But, antinutritional factors in the raw mature soybean are exist. Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) protein and stachyose are main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. The genetic removal of the antinutritional factors will improve the nutritional value of soybean seed. The objective of this research was to breed a new yellow soybean strains (rs2rs2titi genotype) with the traits of lacking of KTI protein and low content of stachyose. Breeding population was developed from the cross of "Jinyangkong" and 15G1 parents. Presence or absence of KTI protein was detected based on Western Blot technique. Content of stachyose in mature seed was detected by HPLC. Total four new strains (603-1, 603-2, 625, and 694) with KTI protein free and low content of stachyose were selected. Four strains (603-1, 603-2, 625, and 694) have yellow seed coat and hilum. Plant height of 603-1 strain was 65 cm and 100-seed weight was 29.2 g. Plant height of 603-2 strain was 66 cm and 100-seed weight was 26.2 g. Plant height of 625 strain was 64 cm and 100-seed weight was 27.1 g. Content of stachyose for four new strains was 3.0~3.50 g/kg. Four strains selected in this research will be used to improve new yellow soybean cultivar with KTI protein free, and low content of stachyose.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.90 no.4
• /
• pp.445-449
• /
• 2001

The objective of this study was to develop a new technique to control crown form of Hiscus syriacus to be used for an upright street tree with a single stem. Fertilization and raising the clear-bole length were the main treatments to compare the diameter and height growth of this species. The trees maintained with clear-bole length of 100, 150, and 200cm showed diameter growth of 15.7. 13.8, and 10.8mm, respectively, indicating the reduced diameter growth of trees with increasing clear-bole length, which is known as a typical characteristics in tending trees in silviculture. The effects of fertilization was not shown in this study. At the end of the two-year study from 1999 to 2,000, optimum diameter growth was obtained with the treatments of clear-bole length of 80-120cm, or 121-150cm. It is concluded that height and clear-bole length should be considered first in raising Hibiscus syriacus for street trees. Further study may be needed to obtain the effects of fertilization and raising the clear-bole length on uprightness of this species.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.166-175
• /
• 2021

In this study, monokaryons of "Heukari" (Pleurotus ostreatus) and "Hosan" (Pleurotus pulmonarius) were separated to remove the cell wall, and a cross-species protoplast fusion was developed through chemical treatment with polyethylene glycol. The protoplast-fused PF160306 and PF160313 strains have a culture period of 10 and 2 days shorter than that of the "Heuktari" and "Hosan" cultivars, respectively. Furthermore, the growth of the strains was faster than that of the existing cultivars. The yield was 135.9 g per bottle, which was approximately 8% higher than that of the commercially available "Hosan" cultivar; however, it was not statistically significant. A growth survey was conducted after treatment at five temperatures (15, 18, 21, 23, and 25℃). The growth of the strains accelerated with the increase in temperature. However, at 21℃, the yellow color of pileus was the brightest. Band pattern, assessed using URP Primer 7, was similar to that of the "Hosan" cultivar. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity and polyphenol content were 62.5% and 43.5 mg/mL, respectively, for "Sunjung" and 65.7% and 49.9 mg/mL, respectively, for PF160313. Furthermore, the antihypertensive activities of the "Sunjung" cultivar and PF160313 were similarly high at 74% and 75%, respectively. In conclusion, cross-species hybridization via the protoplast fusion technique can be used for obtaining primary data for mushroom breeding to develop new varieties. In addition, the protoplast fusion technique might aid in expanding the market for yellow mushrooms.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.385-388
• /
• 2021

Anther cultivation for crop breeding is a method of rapid production of homozygosities by greatly reducing the time required for at least six generations to develop new varieties using conventional breeding methods. This technique of producing anther culture provides an opportunity to obtain more green plants from a methodological point of view, and the techniques that save time and effort in anther culture are also important because they increase the efficiency of culture. This study compared the callus induction rate and green plant regeneration rate of a one-step and a two-step culture that differ in their culture media and culture methods. One-step culture allows callus induction and plant regeneration in one medium, whereas two-step culture requires induction and plant regeneration in two different media. In this study, we compared the callus induction and plant regeneration rates of rice anthers as one-step and two-step cultures. The callus formation rate was 13.0% for one-step cultures and 8.6% for two-step cultures, so the rate was 4.4% higher for one-step cultures than for two-step cultures. The plant regeneration rate was 1.0% in one-step cultures and 3.0% in two-step cultures, so the regeneration rate was three times higher for the two-step cultures than for one-step cultures. This suggests that the two-step cultures are more efficient than the one-step cultures for haploid production.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.103-114
• /
• 2022

Zoological Parks house exclusive animal species, thus creating a source of education and awareness for visitors. Big cats like tigers and leopards are among the most visited species in zoos globally. However, they often display stressful or stereotypic behaviours. Such behaviours are influenced by multiple factors including visitors, animal history, and captive environment. To understand this impact, we investigated the behavioural response of tigers and leopards to visitation, captive, and biological factors. The behaviour of eight big cats housed in the National Zoological Park, New Delhi, was monitored using focal sampling technique during May and June 2019. We recorded the captive and biological factors and visitor density for the subjects. The study revealed high proportions of inactive and stereotypic behaviours amongst the species. Tigers and leopards were found to perform stereotypic behaviours for 22% and 28% of their time, respectively. Generalised Linear Models revealed a significant variation of stereotypy in association with the factors. Stereotypy was influenced by visitor density, age, sex, breeding history, coat colour, and enclosure design. Adults, males, white-coated, previously bred, and those housed in smaller and simple enclosures display more stereotypy than young, females, normal-coated, unbred, and those housed in larger and complex enclosures, respectively. A high density of visitors induced more stereotypic behaviours amongst the big cats. As providing entertainment and awareness amongst the public is one of the fundamental objectives of the zoo, visitors can not be avoided. Thus, we suggest providing appropriate enrichments that would reduce stereotypies and promote naturalistic behaviours.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.406-413
• /
• 2016

Abalones are gastropod mollusks belonging to the genus Haliotis. Pacific abalones are regarded as a very important marine gastropod mollusk in Korea, Japan, China, and also in food industries around the world. In Korea, 6 species of abalone have been reported to occur along the coasts: Haliotis discus hannai, Haliotis discus discus, Haliotis madaka, Haliotis gigantea, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, and Haliotis diversicolor diversicolor. This study was performed to discriminate the genetic variances by the partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis against four species of Pacific abalone (H. discus hannai, H. discus, H. madaka, H. gigantea). COI gene is reasonably well conserved and has been sequenced in various invertebrate taxa. The RAPD analysis technique is a relatively simple and low cost method that allows differentiation of taxa without the need to know their genomes. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships within each species. The COI and RAPD analysis were able to distinguish between H. gigantea and the other three species. However, these analysis methods were inadequate to distinguish between H. discus and H. madaka. These results are believed to be able to provide a basis data for future hybrid breeding research by defining the genetically closely related four species of abalone, which is to develop new hybrid abalone for export using hybrid breeding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.462-469
• /
• 1982

Since 1962, varietal development and dissemination for summer upland crops have been actively initiated by the Crop Experiment Station, Office of Rural Development, Suweon, Korea. The major breeding objectives of soybeans have been to develop varieties which are early maturing, disease resistant, and adaptable to late planting for after-barley cropping. Development of eleven new soybean varieties including Hwangkeumkong, Jangyeobkong, Danyeobkong, and Kwangkyo has greatly increased the soybean yield throughout country. For com, after development of Hwangok #2, a synthetic, in early 1960's, nine corn hybrids-single crosses, double-crosses, and three-way crosses-such as Jecheon-ok, Hoengseong-ok, Kwangok, Suweon #19, etc., have been disseminated mainly to Kangweon province, a major corn producing area in Korea, and drew up the yield over 4 tons per hectare. The major breeding objectives of sweet potato have been to develop varieties which have high starch content and root yield. Hwangmi, Hongmi, and Shinmi are three sweet potato varieties developed and disseminated by the Crop Experiment Station, Office of Rural Development and are grown most widely in Korea. Most of researches on cultural practices of upland crops have begun on a full scale from early 1960's. In soybeans, for example, no fertilizer but for barley was applied although the effects of phosphate and potassium fertilizers were great on soybeans in after-barley soybean croppings. The effects of heavy application of phosphate and calcium fertilizers on soybeans in newly reclaimed soils were recognized. Recently a mixed fertilizer for soybean (N; 40, P:70, K:60 kg/㏊) was developed and sold for soybean growers. The optimum planting densities of 220, 000 plants/ha in full-season cropping and 330, 000 pts/ha in after-barley cropping of soybeans were known from repeated experiments. For higher yield, a means of cultural practices such as transplanting-pinching, direct planting-pinching, and hilling-up, etc., were developed along with barley-stubble planting with no tillage and integrated herbicide application for labour savings. For sweet potato, cultural practices for planting date, harvesting date, fertilizer, and planting density were fully established. For early marketing, a technique of vinyl-mulching on sweet potato has also fully developed. For com, planting density of 37, 000 pts/ha in early 1960's has been changed to 55, 000 pts/ha for grain production and 67, 000 pts/ha for silage. The amounts of fertilizers have also been changed from 120-120-120kg/ha (N-P-K) in early 1960s to 180-150-150 kg/ha. These increases in number of plants per unit area and fertilizer levels have resulted in greater production for both grain and silage. At the same time, the production techniques of F1 seeds have also improved.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.33-48
• /
• 2012

As a scientific curiosity to understand the structure and the function of crops and experimental efforts to apply it to plant breeding, genetic maps have been constructed in various crops. Especially, in the case of Brassica crop, genetic mapping has been accelerated since genetic information of model plant $Arabidopsis$ was available. As a result, the whole $B.$ $rapa$ genome (A genome) sequencing has recently been done. The genome sequences offer opportunities to develop molecular markers for genetic analysis in $Brassica$ crops. RFLP markers are widely used as the basis for genetic map construction, but detection system is inefficiency. The technical efficiency and analysis speed of the PCR-based markers become more preferable for many form of $Brassica$ genome study. The massive sequence informative markers such as SSR, SNP and InDels are also available to increase the density of markers for high-resolution genetic analysis. The high density maps are invaluable resources for QTLs analysis, marker assisted selection (MAS), map-based cloning and comparative analysis within $Brassica$ as well as related crop species. Additionally, the advents of new technology, next-generation technique, have served as a momentum for molecular breeding. Here we summarize genetic and genomic resources and suggest their applications for the molecular breeding in $Brassica$ crop.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2013

The efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) for horses remains unsatisfactory. It is mainly because each process of AI causes a detrimental effect on semen quality. To sustain quality of semen properly, several factors including libido of stallions and sperm damage during sperm processing and preservation should be considered. Stallions with decent libido produce a high ratio of sperm to seminal plasma in their ejaculates, which is the ideal semen composition for maintaining sperm quality. Thus, to maximize the fertility rate upon AI, stallions should be appropriately managed to enhance their libido. Seminal plasma should have a positive effect on horse fertility in the case of natural breeding, whereas the effects of seminal plasma on both sperm viability and quality in the context of AI remain controversial. Centrifugation of semen is performed during semen processing to remove seminal plasma and to isolate fine quality sperm from semen. However, the centrifugation process can also result in sperm loss and damage. To solve this problem, several different centrifugation techniques such as Cushion Fluid along with dual and single Androcoll-E$^{TM}$ were developed to minimize loss of sperm and to damage at the bottom of the pellet. Most recently, a new technique without centrifugation was developed with the purpose of separating sperm from semen. AI techniques have been advanced to deliver sperm to optimal region of female reproductive tract at perfect timing. Recombinant equine luteinizing hormone (reLH) and low dose insemination techniques have been developed to maximize both fertility rate and the efficiency of AI. Horse breeders should consider that the entire AI procedure should be optimized for each stallion due to variation in individual horses for a uniformed AI protocol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.62 no.4
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2012

The contents of this study are as follows. First, an academic understanding has been achieved by exploring the theoretical concept "allegory", and a new theoretical approached methodology has been sought. Second, an analysis-index of fashion illustration cases has been suggested based on the allegory theory of Craig Owens. Third, in order to draw the characteristics of fashion illustration as viewed from the allegorical viewpoint and find out its feasibility, the case studies has been referred and the internal significance, external significance that combines different characteristics has been extracted. In regards to this study method, literature studies and case studies has been done in parallel with each other. This study was done in the following sequence: the establishment of the study system, the drawing of the allegory-associated concepts and the discovering the characteristics of aesthetic expressions. The results of this study on the expression characteristics of fashion illustration as viewed from the allegorical viewpoint of Craig Owens are as follows. First, the borrowing of image, which is a characteristic of allegory, contains the meaning of uncertainty in the fashion illustration as it expresses the image-synthesis and forms a completely different meaning as the fixed meaning is dissolved and it is utilized as a photo-montage technique. Second, the inference of pictogram is the mixture of linguistic medium and visual medium. Fashion illustration utilizes the characters and transmits the fashion information visually and immanently. It has the characteristic of making the information into pictograms and the internal significances of mutual-text with communication function. Third, the uniqueness of location in the fashion illustration has the special nature of utilized mediums as it is used for advertising or publicizing. The fashion illustration from the viewpoint of allegory has the impermanency of existing only for a limited time and reflects the coincidence that gives the meaning of utilized location according to the season trend. Fourth, the cross-breeding is expressed as the mixture of various materials in the fashion illustration. The expressions made by the mixture of media, such as the use of computer graphic programs mixed together with various materials showed the trend of diversity and genre dissolution.