• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.441-443
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• 2007

A preliminary in vitro acid neutralizing capacity test of twelve traditional Ayurvedic antacids were performed in this study. Five traditional preparations of ash of conch shell, ash of oyster, ash of pearl, limestone, and ash of cowrie showed high acid neutralizing capacity similar to standard antacid combination of $Al(OH)_3\;and\;Mg(OH)_2$. Among these the ash of conch shell found the highest acid neutralizing capacity. The ash of tamarind and ash of Achyranthus aspera showed moderate acid neutralizing capacity. The acid neutralizing capacity of red ochre; ash of iron; mixture of niter, alum and ammonium chloride; saltpeter; and ash of mica found below the USP 23 limit.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2013

본 연구는 자이오머의 산성용액에서 시간에 따른 산중화능을 평가하고, 산에 노출된 자이오머의 표면변화를 관찰하기 위해서 시행되었다. 실험군으로는 수복용 자이오머인 Beautifil II와 유동성 자이오머인 Beautifil Flow F02, 대조군으로 수복용 복합레진인 $Filtek^{TM}$ Z250을 선택하였고, 원판과 가루 형태로 시편을 제작하여 pH 2.0의 염산 수용액과 혼합한 후 pH 값을 측정하였으며, 분말 형태의 자이오머는 새로운 염산 용액과 재혼합 후 pH 값을 측정하였다. 또한 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 원판형태 시편의 표면구조의 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 원판 형태의 실험에서는 수복용 자이오머만이 실험 24시간 이후 유의한 pH 값의 증가를 보였다. 반면, 분말 형태의 실험에서는 수복용, 유동성 자이오머 모두 초기부터 유의한 수준의 pH 증가가 보였으며, 수복용 자이오머가 더 높은 pH 증가를 보였다. 분말 형태의 자이오머는 새로운 염산용액에서 이전 실험에 비해 낮은 정도의 pH 증가를 보였다. 또한, 충전용 자이오머의 표면에서 레진과 유동성 자이오머에 비해 더 많은 부식성의 구조적 변화가 발생했다. 결론적으로, 자이오머는 산중화능을 가지며, 필러 함량이 높은 충전용 자이오머는 유동성 자이오머보다 더 큰 산중화능이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.217-223
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• 1993

The combined products of antacid and anti-ulcer agent were prepared with antacid composed of aluminium hydroxide dried gel, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone with a ratio of 1:1:0.1 (M) and anti-ulcer agent, aceglutamide aluminium (AGA). The efficacy of antacid was evaluated in vitro with Fuchs, Johnson-Duncan and Rosset-Rice methods and in vivo using an aspiration method in rat. The addition of anti-ulcer agent did not affect the neutralizing capacity of M significantly. The combined products with the M/AGA ratios of 2.3:1 and 3.4:1 produced the maximum pH of $4.0{\sim}5.8$ and the duration time of $64{\sim}137$ min in vitro test. The in vivo neutralizing test in rats showed the rapid increase of gastric pH up to 3.5 within 30 min and the gastric pH of $4{\sim}6$ was kept for 5 hr.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.378-382
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• 2004

Soil pH is an important indicator for soil reactions and crop growth. pH buffer capacity and lime requirements are necessary to comprehend and manage soils well. The characteristics related with soil pH were analyzed and 5 field trials were conducted to elucidate pH buffer capacity of soil and lime requirements and liming factor for Korean acid soils. Soil minerals were analyzed for the soil of 2 years after treating $CaCO_3$ using X-ray diffraction. The amount of neutralized $H^+$ was regarded as the exchangeable aluminium overcoming ${\Delta}pH$, because pH buffer capacity of soil depended on exchangeable aluminium. Lime requirement was somewhat similar to the KCl exchangeable aluminium and it was also affected by the exchangeable cation by added lime. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that an aluminium dissociation from Korean acid soils was equilibrated with kaolin minerals and changed into anorthite ($CaAl_2Si_2O_8$) by neutralizing with $CaCO_3$. Neutralizing process was composed of changing process of $Al^{3+}$ into $H^+$ and $Al(OH)_4{^-}$ ionic species and of neutralizing $H^+$ by, the amount of which was lime requirement. The fact that anorthite dissociates an aluminium ion higher than kaolinite does enabled to consider a liming factor (LF) the content of exchangeable cation and ${\Delta}pH$, $LF=1.5+0.2{\times}{\sum} Cations{\times}{\Delta}pH$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2012

This study examined the inhibitory effects of 4-guanidinobutyric acid (4GBA), an alkaloid, against gastric lesions by assessing the inhibition of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastric cancer cells. Acute and chronic gastritis were also observed using HCl/ethanol (EtOH) and indomethacin-induced gastric lesion models, respectively. 4GBA inhibited the growth of H. pylori in a dose dependent manner, and showed acid-neutralizing capacity. In the pylorus ligated rats, 4GBA decreased the volume of gastric secretion and gastric acid output slightly, and increased the pH. 4GBA at a dose of 100 mg/kg reduced the size of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions (70.8%) and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions (38.8%). The antigastritic action of 4GBA might be associated with the acid-neutralizing capacity, anti-H. pylori action, and decreased volume of gastric secretion. These results suggest that 4GBA might be useful in the treatment and/or protection of gastritis.

• 약학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 1960

Sixteen Antacid preparations in Korea were evaluated their acid-neutralizing capacity by Rossett and Rice Method in comparison with U.S.P. and K.P. method.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 1997

The removal efficiency of nutrient was investicated by using Glycine max Meer seedling. After budding, Glycine max Merr was raised at darkness for 4 days. During cultivation, the removal efficiency of $NO_2-N+NO_3-N$ was up to 90% with initial concentration of 20-100 ppm. The removal efficiency of PO$_4$-P was up to 80% with initial concentration at 30 ppm, but it was down to 22% and 27% at 40 ppm and 50 ppm. When the removal efficiency of nutrient was compared with alternating 12 hours' light and darkness, the removal efficiency of NO$_2$-N + NO$_3$-N was up to 90% at below 60 ppm. It was not different from each other. But it was particularly low about 62% and 34% at 80 ppm and 100 ppm in alternating 12 hours' light. The removal efficiency of PO$_4$-P was low at alternating 12 hours' light between 10-50 ppm on the whole range. The neutralizing capacity of pH was shown in acidity and alkalinity except strong acidity(below pH 3). The initial pH was neutralized at 6.0-7.7 of pH after 4 days. Particularly, Glycine max Meer seedling that was difference from other water plants, was shown the neutralizing capacity in strong alkalinity.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2007

Scutellaria Radix, the dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae), has been used in oriental traditional medicine for treatment of fever urine disorder, diarrhea, inflammation. Present study was carried out for the gastroprotective effect of chrysin, baicalein, baicalin, wogonin from Scutellaria baicalensis. This reports evaluated antioxidant effect, antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori and HCI-ethanol-induced gastric lesion in rats and showed the significant effectiveness. It may be regarded that the antigastritic effects and antibacterial activity of baicalin, baicalein from Scutellaria baicalensis are originated from acid-neutralizing capacity, free radical scavenging effects and the antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.5.1-5.12
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• 2020

The major glycoproteins of bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) are gB, gH, gM, gL, and gp180 with gB, gH, and gp180 being the most glycosylated. These glycoproteins participate in cell binding while some act as neutralization targets. Glycosylation of these envelope proteins may be involved in virion protection against neutralization by antibodies. In infected cattle, BoHV-4 induces an immune response characterized by low neutralizing antibody levels or an absence of such antibodies. Therefore, virus seroneutralization in vitro cannot always be easily demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neutralizing capacity of 2 Argentine BoHV-4 strains and to associate those findings with the gene expression profiles of the major envelope glycoproteins. Expression of genes coding for the envelope glycoproteins occurred earlier in cells infected with isolate 10/154 than in cells infected with strain 07/435, demonstrating a distinct difference between the strains. Differences in serological response can be attributed to differences in the expression of antigenic proteins or to post-translational modifications that mask neutralizing epitopes. Strain 07/435 induced significantly high titers of neutralizing antibodies in several animal species in addition to bovines. The most relevant serological differences were observed in adult animals. This is the first comprehensive analysis of the expression kinetics of genes coding for BoHV-4 glycoproteins in 2 Argentine strains (genotypes 1 and 2). The results further elucidate the BoHV-4 life cycle and may also help determine the genetic variability of the strains circulating in Argentina.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제86권3호
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• pp.342-351
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• 1997

본 연구는 산성우의 영향을 받는 산림에서 4개 수종별 수관통과류, 수간류, 토양을 채취하여 pH 변화와 양료함량을 비교함으로써 산성우에 대한 수종별 중화능력과 완충능력을 측정하여 중화능력이 우수한 수종을 선발하는데 있다. 경기도 반월공단으로부터 15km 떨어진 산림환경연구소 반월시험림을 대상으로 약 30년생 리기다소나무, 물오리나무, 신갈나무, 튤립나무림에서 1996년 5월부터 9월까지 매 강우시 발생되는 강우, 수관통과류, 수간류를 채취하여 pH, Ca, K, Na, Mg의 농도를 측정하였고, 5월, 7월, 9월에 각각 채취된 잎의 내부 pH, 중화능력(ENC), 완충능력(BCI)을 측정하였다. 또한 공시목의 수간기저부로부터 10, 100, 200cm 떨어진 거리에서 토양 시료를 채취한 후 pH와 양료함량을 측정하였다. 본 시험 유역에서 시험기간 동안 강우의 평균 pH는 4.56이었으며, pH 5.6이하의 산성우의 비율이 74%를 차지하였으며, 토양 pH는 평균 4.15이었다. 수관통과류의 pH는 모든 수종에서 강우보다 높았으며, 수간류의 pH는 리기다소나무(pH 3.73)를 제외한 모든 수종에서 강우보다 높았고, 특히 튤립나무가 가장 놓은 pH 5.38을 나타냈다. 수관통과류의 pH는 강우의 pH와 정의 상관이 매우 높았으나 수간류의 pH는 강우의 pH와는 상관이 없었다. 강우에 가장 많이 함유된 이온은 Ca이었으며, 수관통과류와 수간류의 이온 함량은 모두 K>Na>Ca>Mg의 순으로 나타났다. 수간류에서의 양료 함량은 튤립나무에서 가장 높았고 리가다소나무에서 가장 낮았다. 강우의 pH가 낮아지면 지상부에서 양료의 용탈이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 수간류의 pH는 잎의 중화능력과 완충능력이 높을수록 증가하여 매우 높은 상관을 보였다. 잎에서의 중화능력과 완충능력은 튤립나무에서 가장 높았고(ENC : 9.03, BCI : $655.3{\mu}eq.H^-/g$), 리기다소나무에서 가장 낮았다(ENC : -4.95, BCI : $57.8{\mu}eq.H^-/g$). 수종별 토양에서의 pH와 양료 농도는 수간류의 경우와 유사하였으며 튤립나무에서 가장 높았고 리기다소나무에서 가장 낮았다. 이러한 경향은 수간으로 부터 100cm 거리까지 나타나 수간류가 토양의 특성에 영향을 미치고 있음을 보여주었다. 결론적으로 강우의 특성은 수관을 통과하거나 수간을 따라 흘러내리면서 수목의 중화작용과 완충작용에 의해 변화되는데 수종에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 특히 산성우에 대한 중화능력과 완충능력이 우수한 수종인 튤립나무의 수간류는 pH와 양료의 농도가 높아 토양의 산성화를 지연 또는 조절할 수 있으나, 리기다소나무와 같이 능력이 낮은 수종은 토양의 산성화를 가속화 시킬 것으로 생각된다.