• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2011

Methylcyclohexane is frequently used in industrial sites (2,592tons/year) as rubber adhesives, ink, paint thinners, organic solvents, and so on. However, there are limited data on the toxic evaluation of methylcyclohexane. This study aims to predict the hazards and neurological effects of methylcyclohexane using SD rats in order to prevent health disorders of workers. The OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals (OECD, 2001) was used as a reference during the tests. For 13 weeks (once a day, five days per week) 0, 10, 100 and 1,000mg/kg/day of methylcyclohexane was injected to SD rats to observe any changes in the body or organ weight, hematology, histopathology, mobility, blood pressure, and neurotransmitter. As a result, some male and female SD rats injected with 1,000mg/kg/day of methylcyclohexane died. On the other hand, surviving rats showed significant changes such as hematological changes involving the decrease in the number of red blood corpuscles, and the decrease or increase in the weight of the lungs, kidneys, spleens, and livers (p< 0.05, p<0.01). Also histopathological lesions were observed in the hearts and kidneys. In the test for the effect on the nervous system, SD rats injected with 100mg/kg/day of methylcyclohexane had higher blood pressure levels compared to the control group. However, no abnormal effects was observed in the mobility, serotonin, neurotransmitter, and the biopsy of the brain and coronary arteries. The study results revealed that the livers, hearts, and kidneys were affected by methylcyclohexane. The absolute toxic dose of methylcyclohexane is 1,000mg/kg/day, NOAEL is 100 mg/kg/day, and it is not a toxic substance to the nervous system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.3897-3903
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• 2011

This study was to examine the effectiveness of neurofeedback training by observing the pre and post brainwave measurement results of about 39(experimental group 25, comparative group 14) student who have shown emotional. The study was examined at S city M dong A hearing impairments student, from Mar. 2009 and to Feb. 2010. The training took place two times a week, for about 40 minutes per session. The tool used to meas ure the psychological reaction was POMS (Profile of Mood State). First, the result confirmed the differences of both attention quotient(L R) and resistance stress quotient(L R). Second,, the results of the analysis show mood state. Therefore, the result of the study shows that there is possibility that NeuroFeedback technique might be positively affecting emotional of the hearing impairments student.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.727-739
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to present an effective nursing intervention for helping the patients of mental illness by determining the effect of nursing-logotherapy on purpose in life and finding meaning, and hope of the patients of mental illness by developing and applicating program of nursing-logotherapy The data was collected from March to September in 1995, and its subjects were the patients of mental illness who was appropriate to the standard of this study among the patients of mental illness who hospitalized into Neuro-Psychiatric ward of M. and B. hospital located in Pusan area. They were all 60 subjects, thirty of them for an experimental group and the rest for a control group. The research design was an equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design as an quasi-experimental research and the conceptual frame- work was an interpersonal model. The data analysis was computerized by using SP-SS/PC$^{+}$ and hypothesis testing was done with 2-way ANCOVA and simple correlation. Results were summarized as follows : 1. There were significant changes of purpose in life and finding meaning in an experimental group be-fore and after treatment and a control group be-fore and after. 2. There were significant changes of hope in an experimental group before and after treatment and a control group before and after. 3. The positive correlation between purpose in life and finding meaning and hope of the patients of mental illness were observed. Consequently, nursing-logotherapy could significantly increase the purpose in life and finding mean-ing, and of hope, so it could be said an effective nursing intervention for helping the healing of the patients of mental illness.s.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.144-153
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• 2021

Astrocytes play various important roles such as maintaining brain homeostasis, supporting neurons, and secreting inflammatory mediators to protect the brain cells. In aged subjects, astrocytes show diversely changed phenotypes and dysfunctions. But, the study of aged astrocytes or astrocytes from aged subjects is not yet sufficient to provide a comprehensive understanding of their important processes in the regulation of brain function. In this study, we induced an in vitro aged astrocyte model through late passage cultivation of rat primary cultured astrocytes. Astrocytes were cultured until passage 7 (P7) as late passage astrocytes and compared with passage 1 (P1) astrocytes as early passage astrocytes to confirm the differences in phenotypes and the effects of serial passage. In this study, we confirmed the morphological, molecular, and functional changes of late passage astrocytes showing aging phenotypes through SA-β-gal staining and measurement of nuclear size. We also observed a reduced expression of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, iNOS, and COX2, as well as dysregulation of wound-healing, phagocytosis, and mitochondrial functions such as mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. Culture-conditioned media obtained from P1 astrocytes promoted neurite outgrowth in immature primary cultures of rat cortices, which is significantly reduced when we treated the immature neurons with the culture media obtained from P7 astrocytes. These results suggest that late passage astrocytes show senescent astrocyte phenotypes with functional defects, which makes it a suitable model for the study of the role of astrocyte senescence on the modulation of normal and pathological brain aging.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.45-58
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• 2022

Recently, aducanumab, a beta amyloid targeted immunotherapy, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Although many questions need to be answered, this approval provides a promising hope for the development of AD drugs that could be supported by new biomarkers such as blood-based ones and composite neuropsychological tests that can confirm pathologic changes in early stages of AD. It is important to elucidate the complexity of AD which is known to be associated with other factors such as vascular etiologies and neuro-inflammation. Through the second international conference of the Korean Dementia Association (KDA), researchers from all over the world have participated in the exchange of opinions with KDA members on the most up-to-date topics. The Academic Committee of the KDA summarizes lectures to provide the depth of the conference as well as discussions. This will be an important milestone to widen the latest knowledge in the research of AD's diagnosis, therapeutics, pathogenesis that can lead to the establishment of future directions.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 2010

Since the hypothalamus immediately reacts to a nerve by processing all the information from the human body and the external stimulus being conducted, it performs a significant role in internal secretion; thus, a diverse and rapid stimulus pulse is required. By detecting Zero Detector accurately via the application of AVR on-Chip (ATMEL) using commercial electricity, chopping generates a stimulus pulse to the brain using an IGBT gate to designate a new magnetic stimulation following treatment and diagnosis. To simplify and generate a diverse range of stimuli for the brain, chopping can be used as a free magnetic stimulator. Then, commercial frequency (60Hz) is chopped precisely at the first level of the leakage transformer to deliver an appropriate stimulus pulse towards the hypothalamus when necessary. Discharge becomes stable, and the chopping frequency and duty-ratio provide variety after authorizing a high-pressure chopping voltage at the second level of the magnetic stimulator. These methods have several aims. The first is to apply a variable stimulus pulse via accurate switching frequency control by a voltaic pulse or a pulse repetition rate, according to the diagnostic purpose for a given hypothalamus. Consequently, the efficiency tends to increase. This experiment was conducted at a maximum of 210 W, a magnetic induced amplitude of 0.1~2.5 Tesla, a pulse duration of $200{\sim}350\;{\mu}s$, magnetic inducement of 5 Hz, stimulus frequency of 0.1~60 Hz, and a duration of stimulus train of 1~10 sec.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.100-114
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• 1999

This study was done to investigate the effects of rapidly-rotating shift work of two-day interval on fatigue level and the concentration of urinary 17-KS, $Na^+,\;Cl^-$. The subjects were 20 nursing college students(control group) and 15 nurses in a university hospital and the study was done from Apr. 21 to May 4th, 1999. In the test group, each 5 nurses were allocated to day shift(8 AM-4 PM), evening shift(4 PM-12 MN) and night shift(12 MN-8 AM) respectively. The fatigue level were measured 30 minutes after work start on the 2nd day of work shift. Urine specimens were collected at 8 AM, 4 PM and 12 MN on the 2nd day of work shift in the control group and 30 minutes before and after work on the 2nd day of work shift in the test group. The data were analyzed with SPSS(for Window, ver 7.5). Statistical analysis was performed by using t-test, paired t-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1. The perceived fatigue level in shift work 1) The physical and mental fatigue level were significantly higher in night shift than that in day or evening shift(p<0.05). In the neuro-sensory fatigue level, night shift showed higher tendency than that in day or evening shift, but there were no significant differences between each shifts. 2) Comparison between the control group and the test group: Physical fatigue level was significantly higher in night shift than that in day or evening shift of the control group(P<.001). Mental fatigue level was significantly higher in day or night shift than that in evening shift of the control group(P<.05). In the neuro-sensory fatigue level, test group showed higher tendency than that in the control group, but there were no significant differences between two groups. 3) The total fatigue level was higher in night shift than that in day shift or evening shift(P<.05). In comparing with the control group, night shift and day shift showed higher total fatigue level than that in the control group(p<0.05). 2. The concentration of urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ In the control group, urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ showed higher level in afternoon that in morning and night. In the test group, cr in day and evening shift and $Na^+$ in evening shift showed higher level at the end of work. The 17-KS concentration at the begining and the end of work in three shift groups were lower than those in control group(p<0.05), however, $Cl^-$ concentration at the begining of work in day shift, and the end of work in day and evening shift were higher than those in control group(p<0.05). $Cl^-$ concentration at the begining and end of work in night shift were considerably higher than those in control group repectively(p<0.1, p<001). $Na^+$ concentration showed a higher tendency in three shift groups except at the begining of work in night shift, but there were no statistical difference. In comparing concentration of the 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ among the shift groups, 17-KS concentration showed a lower tendency and $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ showed a higher tendency in night shift: The result of this study showes that biorhythm of shift work nurse was irregular. Fatigue level as the subjective index for evaluating the health problem concerning shift work was higher in night shift and proved to be in accordance with the concentration of urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ used as objective indices. Disturbation of biorhythm and work stress due to night shift seems to cause the health problem of nurses and decrease of work efficiency. It is considered that work regualtion is necessary for the rational management of the nursing administration.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Objectives : To present rough guide for the proper use of Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemum indicum on ophthalmic patients. Methods : Traditional medical classics(本草綱目, 銀海精微, 秘傳眼科龍木論, 東醫寶鑑) and recent studies for Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemum indicum were reviewed. Results : The results are as follows. 1. According to traditional medical classics, the efficacy of Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemum indicum is removing nebula(退?) and improving acuity of vision(明目). 2. According to contemporary studies, Lycii Fructus has strong antioxidant, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect. Chrysanthemum indicum has strong anti-inflammatory effect. Results and Conclusions : The Lycii Fructus is proper to macula or neuro-ophthalmology disease. Chrysanthemum indicum is proper to cornea or conjunctiva disease. Absolutely, It may be changed according to the individual condition. However, this may be a rough guide for usage in Korean medicine ophthalmology.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.293-306
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify predictors of clinical efficacy of oriental medical treatment for patients with panic disorder. Methods: We analyzed medical records of 41 patients who were diagnosed with panic disorder through DSM-IV or ICD-10 by 2 oriental medical neuro-psychiatrists. We performed frequency analysis of demographic characteristics in patients with panic disorder, and assessed the correlation between the psychological scales by Pearson correlation. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare the psychological scales during the treatment; and Single regression analysis was used to analyze the factors that have correlation to improvement of panic disorder by oriental medical treatment. Psychological scales used in the study were STAI-X-1/2, STAXI-S/T, BDI2, BAI, BSQ, PAS, ASI, LOT-R, SWLS, LSES and LSMS. Results: Patients' demographic characteristics indicated that there were twice more female than male patients; furthermore, there was a high ratio of patients in their 20s and 30s, with the highest percentage of onset-age in the 20s and average duration of panic disorder from 1~5 years. More than half of the total patient cohort comprised of those who had panic disorder with agoraphobia and major depressive disorder; in addition, major accompanied symptoms were dyspepsia, chest discomfort and headache. After treatment, most scores of psychological scales were significantly reduced, and correlation between the psychological scales was significant. Furthermore, we identified some factors that were significantly correlated to improvement of panic disorder by oriental medical treatment. Conclusions: In conclusion, treatment of panic disorder with oriental medicine was clinically efficient and improved the quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.218-224
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• 2014

Objectives : Zizyphus jujuba fruits(ZJF), a traditional Korean medicine has various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuro-protective effects. However, it is still unclear whether ZJF has any biological effect on anti-aging. In this study, we examined the effect of ZJF on lifespan and thermal stress in C. elegans. Methods and Results : ZJF water extracts were fermented for 7 days(F7-ZJF) and 14 days(F14-ZJF) by Laetiporus sulphureus to increase secondary metabolites such as aglycone of flavonoids and terpenoids. In the lifespan assay, ZJF water extracts and fermented ZJF were treated on the agar medium plate with age synchronized egg stage of C. elegans. Treatment of F7-ZJF-$200{\mu}g/mL$ with OP-50 E. coli and F14-ZJF-$200{\mu}g/mL$ with OP-50 E. coli significantly increased life span of C. elegans(N2) at thermal stress condition of $25^{\circ}C$. Moreover mRNA levels of lifespan associated HSP 16.1, HSP 70, and HSF-1 were increased at thermal stress condition of $25^{\circ}C$. However, in the equilibration temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ after stress condition of $35^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr, F-14-ZJF-$200{\mu}g/mL$ treatment decreased the levels of heat shock protein in hsp16.2/GFP C. elegans. Conclusions : Our study indicates that prolong role of fermented-ZJF in C. elegans is mediated by control HSPs production.