• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2022

Vincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in treatment of malignancies. However, VCR has a limitation in use since it commonly causes a painful neuropathy (VCR-induced peripheral neuropathy, VIPN). Inflammatory cytokines secreted by immune cells such as macrophages can exacerbate allodynia and hyperalgesia, because inhibiting the inflammatory response is a treatment target for VIPN. In this study, we investigated whether Trichinella spiralis, a widely studied helminth for its immunomodulatory abilities, can alleviate VCR-induced allodynia. Von Frey test showed that T. spiralis infection improved mechanical allodynia at 10 days after VCR injection. We further observed whether the difference was due to mitigated axon degeneration, but no significant difference between the groups in axonal degeneration in sciatic nerves and intra-epidermal nerve fibers was found. Conversely, we observed that number of infiltrated macrophages was decreased in the sciatic nerves of the T. spiralis infected mice. Moreover, treatment of T. spiralis excretory-secretory products caused peritoneal macrophages to secrete decreased level of IL-1β. This study suggests that T. spiralis can relieve VCR-induced mechanical allodynia by suppressing neuroinflammation and that application of controllable degree of helminth may prove beneficial for VIPN treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2014

Background: Epidural steroid injections are an accepted procedure for the conservative management of chronic backache caused by lumbar disc pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidurographic findings for the midline, transforaminal and parasagittal approaches in lumbar epidural steroid injections, and correlating them with the clinical improvement. Methods: Sixty chronic lower back pain patients with unilateral radiculitis from a herniated/degenerated disc were enrolled. After screening the patients according to the exclusion criteria and randomly allocating them to 3 groups of 20 patients, fluoroscopic contrast enhanced epidural steroids were injected via midline (group 1), transforaminal (group 2) and parasagittal interlaminar (group 3) approaches at the level of the pathology. The fluoroscopic patterns of the three groups were studied and correlated with the clinical improvement measured by the VAS over the next 3 months; any incidences of complications were recorded. Results: The transforaminal group presented better results in terms of VAS reduction than the midline and parasagittal approach groups (P < 0.05). The epidurography showed a better ventral spread for both the transforaminal (P < 0.001) and the paramedian approaches (P < 0.05), as compared to the midline approach. The nerve root filling was greater in the transforaminal group (P < 0.001) than in the other two groups. The ventral spread of the contrast agent was associated with improvement in the VAS score and this difference was statistically significant in group 1 (P < 0.05), and highly significant in groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). In all the groups, any complications observed were transient and minor. Conclusions: The midline and paramedian approaches are technically easier and statistically comparable, but clinically less efficacious than the transforaminal approach. The incidence of ventral spread and nerve root delineation show a definite correlation with clinical improvement. However, an longer follow-up period is advisable for a better evaluation of the actual outcom.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2017

과도한 음주는 치매 및 알츠하이머 병과 같은 여러 신경계 질환을 일으키는 주요원인 중 하나로 알려져 있으며 이를 해결하기 위한 많은 노력인 진행 중이다. 또한, 홍삼은 신경 세포의 생존, 세포 자멸사의 억제 및 신경 세포의 신경 재생을 향상시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 Rg3 풍부 고려홍삼 추출액(KRG)이 알코올 유발성 신경독성으로 인하여 일어나는 PC12 세포의 세포 사멸을 억제 할 수 있는지, 그리고 KRG가 caspase 매개 경로와 관련된 몇 가지 인자들을 어떻게 조절하는지 확인하는 것이다. 그 방법으로, 우리는 PC12 세포에서의 세포 생존율과 세포 사멸율은 EZ-Cytox 세포 생존율 측정 kit와 유세포 분석기로 측정하였고, 세포 자멸 관련 단백질(Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3)의 발현 정도를 Western blot기법으로 측정하였으며, 측정된 결과의 유의성을 ANOVA 분석법으로 확인하였다. 그 결과, KRG는 Bcl-2의 발현을 증가시키고, Bid와 Bax 및 caspase-3 발현을 저해하였고, 이를 통해 알코올로 유도된 PC12 세포의 세포 사멸을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해, KRG에 의해 유도된 Bcl-2 발현의 증가와 Bid 및 Bax 발현의 하향 조절이 caspase-3 발현을 하향 조절하고, 결국 미토콘드리아 세포 사멸 경로를 억제한다는 것을 결론내릴 수 있었다. 본 연구는 향 후, KRG가 신경 보호제 후보로서 개발할 가치가 있음을 제시하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.286-291
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• 1996

Phenolic compounds are prevalent as toxins or environmental pollutants, but they are also widely used as drugs for various purpose including anticancer agent. A novel biphenolic compound, bis(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)methane (GERI-BPO02-A) was isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus fumigatus F93 previously, and it has revealed cytotoxicity against human solid tumor cells. Its effective doses that cause 50% inhibition of cell growth in vitro against non-small cell lung cancer cell A549, ovarian cancer cell SK-OV-3, skin cancer cell SK-MEL-2 and central nerve system cancer cell XF498 were 8.24, 10.60, 8.83, $9.85\mug/ml$ respectively. GERI-BPO02-A has also revealed cytotoxicity against P-glycoproteinexpressed human colon cancer cell HCT15 and its multidrug-resistant subline HCT15/CL02, and its cytotoxicity was not affected by P-glycoprotein. We have also tested cytotoxicities of structurally related compounds of GERI-BPO02-A such as diphenylmethane, 1,1-bis(3,4dimethylphenyl)ethane, 2,2-diphenylpropane, 2-benzylpyridine, 3-benzylpyridine, $4,4^I-di-tert-butylphenyl$, bibenzyl, $2,2^I-dimethylbibenzyl$, cis-stilbene, trans-stilbene, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyisulfide, sulfadiazine and sulfisomidine for studying of structure and activity relationship, and from these data we could suppose that hydroxyl group of GERI-BPO02A conducted important role in its cytotoxicity.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

Cu(II)와 diamine, aminothiol 그리고 dithiol과의 착물을 합성하여, 동일한 조건 하에서 DFP 분해반응성을 평가하였다. 실험결과 Lewis basicity가 높은 유기물질일수록 DFP의 분해반응을 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. N donor인 diamine에 비해 전자를 더 잘 제공하는 S donor를 가진 aminothiol과 결합된 Cu(II) 착물이 DFP의 가수분해 반응에 약 3배 정도 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. Lewis basicity가 더 높은 dithiol 리간드를 사용한 경우 Cu(II)(1,2-ethane dithiol)$(NO_3)_2$의 난용성으로 인해 heterogeneous 조건하에서 반응속도를 측정하였음에도 homogeneous 조건하에서 측정한 Cu(II) (ethylenediamine)$(NO_3)_2$ 반응보다 약 1.6배 효과적이었다. DFP 분해에 대한 제올라이트의 반응성 평가에서 NaY의 경우 DFP 가수분해 반응을 촉진시키지 못하였으며, RuNaY는 DFP분해 반응이 Cu(II)-organic complex의 반응성에 비해서는 효과가 떨어지는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권2호통권137호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2004

The flavonoids are a very large and important group of polyphenolic natural products, which are united by their derivatization from the heterocycle, flavone. They are distributed in higher plants and occur widely in the fruits and vegetables that make up the human diet. They exhibit a wide range of biological properties, including antitumor, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, insecticidal and estrogenic activities. They are also major components of many plant drugs and it is possible that they contribute to the curative properties. For the purpose of developing anticancer agent of natural origin, we have evaluated forty four kinds of naturally occurring flavonoids for the inhibitory activity upon the proliferation of cultured human tumor cells such as A549 (non small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system) and HCT-15 (colon) in vitro.

• 센서학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2004

N-type semi-conducting oxides such as $SnO_{2}$, ZnO, and $ZrO_{2}$ have been known for the detecting materials of inflammable or toxic gases. Of those materials, $SnO_{2}$-based sensors are well known as high sensitive materials to detect toxic gases. And the sensitivity is improved if catalysts are added. Detecting toxic gases, especially DMMP (di-methyl-methyl-phosphonate) and DPGME (Dipropylene glycol methyl ether), was performed by a mixture of Tin oxide ($SnO_{2}$) and Zirconia ($ZrO_{2}$). The films consist of each three different mass% of Zr (from 1 mass% to 5 mass%), and they were tested by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET. Nano-structure, pore and particle size was controlled to verify the sensor's sensing mechanism. The sensors was evaluated at five different degrees (from $200^{\circ}C$ to $400^{\circ}C$) and three different concentrations (from 500 ppb to 1500 ppb). The sensors had good sensitivity of both simulants, and high selectivity of DMMP.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.2985-2989
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 학습집중력을 향상시킬 수 있는 시트를 제작하였다. 학습집중력의 향상을 입증하기위하여 인체 내에 존재하고 있는 조영제를 이용하여 공간적 시간적 해상도가 뛰어나고 비침습적으로 뇌기능을 측정할 수 있는 기능적 자기공명영상을 획득하여 분석을 한 결과 기억작용과 관련 있는 전두엽 부근의 뇌혈류량의 활성화를 확인할 수 있었고 뇌파 측정 분석 결과 절대알파파와 절대베타파의 비율에서 유의할 만한 변화를 확인하였다. 기능적 자기공명영상은 뇌의 생리기능적 역할을 규명, 의학적으로 수술 전후 장애를 방지하고 예방하는데 활용되고 있으며 뇌신경망의 가시화로 학습집중력 향상 시트등과 같이 뇌와 관련된 제품을 개발하는데 많은 연구가 이루어질 것이다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2008

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are toxic agents that may be involved in various neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies indicate that ROS can act as modulators of neuronal activity, and are critically involved in persistent pain primarily through spinal mechanisms. In the present study, whole cell patch clamp recordings were carried out to investigate the effects of tert-buthyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH), an ROS, on neuronal excitability and the mechanisms underlying changes of membrane excitability. In current clamp condition, application of t-BuOOH caused a reversible membrane depolarization and firing activity in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons. When slices were pretreated with phenyl-N-tert-buthylnitrone (PBN) and ascorbate, ROS scavengers, t-BuOOH failed to induce membrane depolarization. However, isoascorbate did not prevent t-BuOOH-induced depolarization, suggesting that the site of ROS action is intracellular. The t-BuOOH-induced depolarization was not blocked by pretreatment with dithiothreitol (DTT), a sulfhydryl-reducing agent. The membrane-impermeant thiol oxidant 5,5-dithiobis 2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) failed to induce membrane depolarization, suggesting that the changes of neuronal excitability by t-BuOOH are not caused by the modification of extrathiol group. The t-BuOOH-induced depolarization was suppressed by the phospholipase C (PLC) blocker U-73122 and inositol triphosphate ($IP_3$) receptor antagonist 2-aminoethoxydiphenylbolate (APB), and after depletion of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ pool by thapsigargin. These data suggest that ROS generated by peripheral nerve injury can induce central sensitization in spinal cord, and t-BuOOH-induced depolarization may be regulated by intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ store mainly via $PLC-IP_3$ pathway.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.46-64
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• 2003

Therapeutic angiogenesis is the controlled induction or stimulation of new blood vessel formation to reduce unfavourable tissue effects caused by local hypoxia and to enhance tissue repair. Therapeutic ultrasound can be considered as a physical agent to deliver therapeutic angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of therapeutic ultrasound after muscle contusion injury by observed immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) that plays an important role in angiogenesis and substance-P in pain transmission. Ultrasound irradiation(1MHz, $1W/cm^2$, continuous mode, treatment time 5 min) was applied through water submersion technique to 1 limb daily by kept off 5cm from muscle belly of gastrocnemius. The result of this study were as follows. 1. In morphological observation, there were no significant changes excepts of 7 days. At 7 days, granular tissue viewed abundantly in control group. In other groups, general feature were increased interspace of muscle fiber; centronucleated muscle fiber; collapsed of muscle and nerve tissue; appeared inflammatory cell. 2. The VEGF was expressed in interspace of muscle fiber. Especially, at 7 days in experimental group, VEGF was showed in connective tissue surrounding gastrocnemius muscle. 3. The VEGF was higher expressed in experimental group at 2 and 3 days, but in control group at 7 days. These data suggest therapeutic ultrasound enhanced production of VEGF in the early day relatively, therefore stimulated angiogenesis in the skeletal muscle induced contusion injury. Also therapeutic ultrasound may stimulate pain relief by diminish of substance-P in dorsal horn of spinal cord.