• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.398-398
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• 2010

To determine the molecular directionality of PI chains depending on rubbing condition, we measured the angle resolved near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra at C K-edge of the rubbed PI films. Twisted nematic mode PI (PI-TN) and in plane switching mode PI (PI-IPS) were introduced to examine the effect of rubbing conditions on the chain directionality. The average tilt angle a of the PI molecules was estimated through the measured intensity change of $C=C\;{\pi}^*$ in NEXAFS C K-edge spectrum by controlling the stage speed and the pile contact depth. After rubbing, the irregular molecular direction changed to a regular direction with a molecular tilt angle of $51.2^{\circ}$ for PI-TN and $49.6^{\circ}$ for PI-IPS at the rubbing condition of the roll speed of 1000 rpm, stage speed of 50 mm/sec, and file contact depth of 0.3 mm. The molecular tilt angle $\alpha$ was linearly decreased in the PI-TN and PI-IPS samples with increasing depth of the pile contact.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.286-290
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• 2010

Coumarin기가 포함된 액정성을 가진 단량체를 액정 상태에서 UV 조사에 의해 중합하였다. Cycloaddition 반응에 의해 coumarin 액정 단량체는 이량체로 전환되었으며, 광이량화 반응 후에도 액정성이 유지되었다. 그리고 이러한 이량체는 단량체의 액정범위 보다 넓은 영역에서 액정성을 나타내었다. 화합물의 구조는 FT IR 및 $^1H$ NMR에 의해 확인하였으며, 그들의 열적 상전이온도 및 열안정성들은 DSC, GPC 및 편광현미경에 의해 조사하였다. 광중합에 의해 생성된 고분자 생성물은 광학 편광 현미경 관찰에 의해 스멕틱 및 네마틱 조직을 갖는 쌍방성 액정성을 보였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 1998

비균일 단축결정(inhomogeneous uniaxal)매질 내에서 빛의 전파를 Berreman의 $4{\times}4$ 행렬을 사용하여 계산할 때, 광원이 단색광일 경우 매질 내의 불연속점에서 발생하는 다중 반사로 인한 Fabry-Perot 간섭효과에 의해, 투과광은 간섭효과가 나타나게 된다. 본 논문에서는 Berreman의 $4{\times}4$ 행렬 연산에서 Fabry-Perot 간섭효과를 제거하기 위한 apodization 방법을 제시하였다. 매질내에 k개의 불연속 경계면이 있을 경우, 새로운 apodization 방법은 최대 (k+1)개의 $4{\times}4$ 행렬을 부가적으로 곱하므로써 전체 전달행렬을 계산할 수 있다. 이를 twisted-nematic(TN) LC cell의 광투과 특성 계산에 적용한 결과 간섭 패턴을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 스위칭 가능한 브래그 반사판의 한 종류인 콜레스테릭 액정 셀에 염료를 주입함으로써 입사각에 따라 단파장대로 이동된 반사광을 제거하는 셀을 구현하였다. 액정과 카이랄 도펀트를 일정 비율로 혼합하여 원하는 파장대역을 반사하는 콜레스테릭 액정 셀을 제작하였고, 이에 특정한 파장대역을 흡수하는 성질을 가지는 이색성 염료를 혼합함으로써, 빛의 입사각이 증가할 때 단파장으로 이동된 빛을 흡수하여 초기에 설계된 색을 유지할 수 있다. 염료를 혼합하지 않은 콜레스테릭 액정 셀에서는 입사각에 따라서 반사 된 빛이 눈에 띄게 단파장대로 이동되는데 반해, 제안된 방법에서는 염료의 혼합 비율이 1, 2 wt%로 증가할수록 단파장대로 이동된 빛을 더 잘 흡수하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2019

Main-chain/side-chain liquid crystalline polymers (MCSCLCPs) combined with an azobenzene group and a cholesteryl group were synthesized to impart light and temperature sensitivity to the polymer. The polymers were designed with the azobenzene unit as the mesogenic group of the main-chain and various compositions of the azobenzene and cholesteryl units as the mesogenic group of the side-chain. The chemical structures and physical properties of the synthesized polymers were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarized optical microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. All the MCSCLCPs were amorphous and exhibited enantiotropic liquid crystal phases; these polymers achieved the nematic phase with increasing content of the azobenzene group and exhibited the cholesteric phase with weak liquid crystallinity as the content of the cholesteryl group was increased. Furthermore, the polymers containing the azobenzene group showed photoisomerization when exposed to UV-Vis light, and the CP-A3C7 and CP-A5C5 polymers exhibited thermochromism in the temperature range of the liquid crystal phase.

• 센서학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2021

We developed a chemiresistive anion sensor using highly conductive carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) functionalized with anion receptors. Mechanically robust CNTFs were prepared via wet-spinning utilizing the nematic liquid crystal properties of CNTs in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA). For anion detection, polymeric receptors composed of dual-hydrogen bond donors, including thiourea 1, squaramide 2, and croconamide 3, were prepared and bonded non-covalently on the surface of the CNTFs. The binding affinities of the anion receptors were studied using UV-vis titrations. The results revealed that squaramide 2 exhibited the highest binding affinity toward AcO^-, followed by thiourea 1 and croconamide 3. This trend was consistent with the chemiresistive sensing responses toward AcO^- using functional CNTFs. Selective anion sensing properties were observed that CNTFs functionalized with squaramide 2 exhibited a response of 1.08% toward 33.33 mM AcO^-, while negligible responses (<0.1%) were observed for other anions such as Cl^-, Br^-, and NO₃^-. The improved response was attributed to the internal charge transfer of dual-hydrogen bond donors owing to the deprotonation of the receptor upon the addition of AcO^-.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.243-246
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• 2008

We have studied the liquid crystal (LC) alignment, the pretilt angle generation, and the annealing behavior for a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) on the homogeneous polyimide (PI) surfaces by using the rubbing method and the ion beam (IB) method. An excellent LC alignment of the NLC on the PI surface with rubbing and IB irradiation were observed. The pretilt angle of NLC on the homogeneous PI surface for the rubbing method is decreased from $4.5^{\circ}$ to $3.5^{\circ}$ as rubbing time is increased, that of the for the IB irradiation method is decreased from $0.5^{\circ}$ to $0.1^{\circ}$ as the time of IB irradiation is increased. After the annealing, the pretilt angles of the rubbed PI surfaces increased up to $4^{\circ}$, these of the IB irradiated PI surfaces little increased. It is considered the side chain of the rubbed PI show the its abilities of the original capacities, while the side chain of the IB irradiated PI cannot show the its abilities of the original capacities due to the IB has already destroyed the side chain of the PI.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.186-186
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• 2009

Most liquid crystal display modes, including the twisted nematic (TN) $mode^1$, the in-plane switching (IPS) $mode^2$, the fringe field switching (FFS) $mode^3$, and the vertically aligned (VA) $mode^4$ are based on either a horizontal or a vertical alignment. However, for some applications, such as no-bias-bend (NBB) pi cell or bistable bend-splay display, an intermediate pretilt angle is essential$^5$. NBB pi cells have been a focus of interest because of their fast response time; however, the reliable control of the intermediate pretilt angle of liquid crystals that is required for the fabrication of NBB pi cells is challenging. The controllable pre-tilt angle of liquid crystals was investigated using a blend of horizontal and vertical polyimide prepared by a rubbing method. Various pretilt angles in the range from 0^{\circ}$ to 90^{\circ}$ were achieved as a function of the vertical polyimide content. We observed uniform liquid crystal alignment on the rubbing-treated blended polyimide layer. A NBB pi cell with an intermediate pretilt angle of 47.8^{\circ}$ was manufactured. This cell had no initial bias voltage and a low threshold voltage, which indicates that it has low power consumption. In addition, the response time of the NBB pi cell was rapid.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.267.1-267.1
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 nematic 액정의 종류 중 하나인 5CB (4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl) 물질을 박막 트랜지스터 (TFT)의 passivation 층으로 사용했을 때 그 전기적 특성향상을 확인하였다. RF-magnetron sputtering법으로 증착된 비정질 InGaZnO 박막을 활성층으로 사용한 TFT를 제작하여 그 활성층 위에 drop형식으로 passivation 하였다. 그 결과, drain current (I_DS)가 약 10배 정도 증가하고, linear region(V_D=0.5V)에서 mobility와 subthreshold slope(SS)이 각각 6.7에서 12.2, 0.3에서 0.2로 향상되는 것이 보였다. 이것은 gate bias가 인가되었을 때 freedericksz 전이를 통한 액정의 배향과 이때 형성된 dipole 형성에 의한 것으로 보이며, 이러한 LC의 배향은 편광현미경을 통하여 표면과 수직으로 배향한다는 사실을 확인 할 수 있었고 이 LC-passivation된 a-IGZO TFT의 전기적 특성의 향상에 대한 mechanism을 제시하였다. 그리고 배향한 LC가 가지는 dipole에 의해 bias stress 상황에서 독특한 electron trapping과 recovery의 증폭효과가 나타났다. V_G=+20V의 positive gate bias stress를 1000s동안 가했을 때, passivation되지 않은 a-IGZO TFT의 경우 +4V의 threshold voltage shift(${\Delta}V$_TH)가 발생되었고, 바로 -20V의 negative gate bias를 30s간 가해주었을 때 -2.5V의 ${\Delta}V$_TH가 발생하였다. 반면 LC-passivation된 a-IGZO TFT의 경우 각각 +5V와 -4V의 ${\Delta}V$_TH로 더 큰 변화를 가져왔다. 이러한 LC에 의한 electron trapping/recovery 증폭효과에 대한 model을 제시하였다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.899-902
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• 2004

The molecular reorientations and surface morphologies of rubbed films formed from atactic polystyrene (PS) samples with various molecular weights were investigated in detail. Previously unknown surface topography features were newly discovered in rubbed films, depending on molecular weights: submicroscale groove-like meandering structures composed of fine-grooves like pebbles in tens nanometers are present, oriented perpendicular to the rubbing direction. The vinyl main chains, however, were preferentially reoriented along the rubbing direction and the planes of the phenyl side groups were preferentially reoriented perpendicular to the rubbing direction with para-directions that were positioned nearly normal to the film plane. Nematic liquid crystal (LC) molecules were found to always align on the rubbed PS surfaces along the orientation direction of the submicroscale grooves generated by rubbing.