• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2013

기저 세포암은 가장 일반적인 피부암이고 그 발병이 급속도로 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 피부 조직에서 측정한 라만 스펙트럼에서 기저 세포암 진단을 위해 NMF(non-negative matrix factorization) 알고리즘을 사용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 측정된 라만 스펙트럼은 영역 선택과 정규화 등의 몇 가지 전처리 과정을 거쳐 분류 실험에 사용한다. 전처리 과정을 수행한 라만 스펙트럼은 NMF 알고리즘을 이용하여 분해된 행렬의 열벡터를 기저로 사용한다. 이 기저들을 선형 결합하여 각 클래스의 평균 스펙트럼에 근사하기 위한 가중치는 행렬 연산으로 결정한다. 분류 실험은 스펙트럼과 NMF에 의한 기저와 가중치의 선형 결합 스펙트럼의 차에 대한 제곱평균제곱근을 최소로 하는 클래스를 선택하는 것으로 수행한다. 기저 세포암의 진단을 위한 분류 실험에서 제안한 방법을 사용하는 경우가 약 99.1%의 평균 분류율로 이전의 BCC 진단에 사용한 방법보다 약 2-3% 정도의 향상된 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the physical characteristics and tranquility of the valleys located in Gangwon region. For this study we analyzed the field survey data 135 valleys using GIS. The elements for measurement of tranquility were divided into visual elements including terrain, objects, forest, water and auditory elements including noise. These elements were divided further into positive and negative factors. The weight of each element and item was calculated by applying the AHP method. The results of this study are as follows. The length of the valley ranged from 126 m to 17 km, and the elevation ranged from 40 m to 1,800 m. Type of mixed forest was common in the valleys. The depth of the water was over 20 cm in 83% of the total area and most of the water was in good condition in visual quality. Regarding the positive factors of tranquility, the weighted scores of the objects, waterfall sounds and visual transparence of the water were of relatively high value. Relatively high values were also shown in closed and curved topography in the landform, forest type and natural forests. In the negative factors, the weights of the objects and forest elements had high values. Within the facility groups, facility of the river produced a considerable negative. After applying the index of tranquility, the natural physical attributes affected the tranquility value, more than the manmade structures to a much greater degree.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.294-298
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of growth characteristics and mineral contents of ginseng seedling grown in different locations on ginseng growth and root yield. Ginseng seedling produced in 16 farmers' field at the semi-Yangjik seedbed were planted and cultivated in a field with same cultural practices. Missing plant was increased with increased year of ginseng age, especially severe at 5-year-old ginseng. Rate of missing plant was different among the origins of the seedling, even with the same weights. Negative correlation was noted between the missing rate of 3-year-old ginseng plants and NH4-N content of the seedling, but positive correlation between the missing rate and K2O and Ca contents of the seedling. Root yield of 6-year-old ginseng was also affected by the origins of ginseng seedlings. Root yield was high in ginseng plant from 0.6∼0.9 g see dings compared to those from over 0.9 g seedlings.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 1997년도 국제 심포지움 및 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.20-27
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• 1997

Chinin is the second most plentiful natural polymer. Currently, chitin and chitosan are manufactured commercially in large scale from crab and shrimp shell as fish processing waste. They is being used in many commercial application because of their various functional properties. Chitosan, in particular, is being evaluated as biomedical materials in a number of food and pharmaceutical industries. Despite their potential abilities, the perfect safety had been demonstrated until now. However, the long-term feeding with chitin was not any negative effect the body weights and serum enzymatic activities in mice. And, in rats supplied with $5\%$ of chitosan diet for 450 days, there was no changes of Ca concentration in blood, bone and other organs except for in muscle. Consequently, there was no direct toxicity of chitin and chitosan against some animals such as rat and mouse by recently reports.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.15-31
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• 2015

Software piracy is widespread throughout the world. It has negative effects on the software industry and the intellectual property market. Despite various deterrent policies, the phenomenon has been getting severe. The current study investigated the antecedents of software piracy attitudes and intention. In order to identify factors and their relationship, a research model for illegal piracy behavior was developed and empirically examined through a path analysis using structural equation model. Also, this study employed a multiple group structural equation model to investigate differences in structural weights across PC software user group and smartphone application user group. It was revealed that perceived benefit, habit, social factor, self-efficacy had positive effect on attitude toward software piracy, whereas perceived risk had a decreasing influence on attitude. Relationships between piracy attitudes and intentions were significant as well. Furthermore, the cross validation between two groups showed the path coefficients of habit to attitude and attitude to intention were significantly different. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1190-1197
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• 2010

The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between faecal egg counts and nutritionally-related blood metabolites in Nguni goats of South Africa. Body weights, body condition scores (BCS), FAMACHA scores, faecal and blood samples were collected from 96 Nguni castrates. Faecal samples were analysed using the modified McMaster technique for nematodes and the sedimentation method for trematodes. Blood was analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), glucose, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine. Season had an effect on glucose, globulin, total protein, creatinine, PCV and faecal egg counts (FEC). Globulin, PCV, creatinine and FEC were significantly higher in the wet season compared to the dry season. A quadratic relationship existed between faecal egg count loads and BCS whilst negative linear relationships were observed between faecal egg counts and creatinine, albumin and cholesterol levels of Nguni goats.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1294-1302
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• 1990

In this paper, optical implementation of single layer perceptron to discriminate the even and odd numbers using commericla LCTV spatial light modulator is described. In order to overcome the low dynamic range of gray levels of LCTV, nonlinear quantized perceptron model is introduced, which is analyzed to have faster convergent time with small gray levels through the computer simulation. And the analog weights containing positive and negative values of single layer perceptron is represented by using the polarization-based encoding method. Finally, optical implementation of the nonlinear quantized perceptron learning model based on polarization property of the commercial LCTV is proposed and some experimental results are given.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.489-513
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• 2000

This paper introduces a new method to estimate and decompose sources of carbon dioxide emissions using an input-output model with decomposition method free of residual usually associated with this kind of analysis. This method is different from others, using what we call 'mean rate-of-change index (MRCI)' for weights of the decomposed terms. Ang et al.(1998) asserted that logarithmic mean divisia index(LMDI) is superior to Laspeyres index(LI) or simple average divisia index(SADI) since it reduces residual to zero. We claim that our method is an improvement over the other methods because it enables residual free decomposition even when data contain negative values, the case which LMDI cannot handle. We demonstrate by way of showing some examples that our method is superior to LI, SADI(Proops, 1993 and Chung, 1998) or LMDI(Ang et al., 1998).

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2007

Chlorobenzenes due to their acute toxicity and the capability of bioaccumulating are of great health and environmental concern. Especially, 1, 2-dichlorobenzene (CAS No. 95-50-1) is used for organic synthesis, dye manufacture, as a solvent and for other applications in chemical industry. Adverse effects of 1, 2-dichlorobenzene includes increases in liver and kidney weights and hepatotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated the genetic toxicity of 1, 2-dichlorobenzene with more advanced methods, in vitro mouse lymphoma assay $tk^{+/-}$ gene assay (MLA) and in vitro mouse supravital micronucleus (MN) assay. 1, 2-Dichlorobenzene appeared the significantly positive results and the induction of large mutant colonies only in the presence of metabolic activation system with MLA. But in vitro testing of 1, 2-dichlorobenzene yielded negative results with supravital MN assay. These results suggest that 1, 2-dichlorobenzene may play a mutagen rather than clastogen in vitro mammalian system.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.361-365
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• 1998

Antimicrobial peptides are widely distributed in nature and appear to play important roles in the host defense of plants and animals. In this study, we isolated and characterized three antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the oriental fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. These purified peptides were referred to as P1, P2, and P3 in order of their elution. P1, P2, and P3 have molecular weights of 2569, 2566, and 2370 Da by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, respectively. They are heat-stable, amphipathic peptides of 24-27 amino acids without cysteine residues. All three peptides are active against representative gram negative and gram positive bacterial species, and in particular, P1 appears to have distinctive antifungal activity. However, no significant hemolytic activity was found for these peptides.