• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.206-212
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• 1997

H$\"{u}$rthle cell neoplasm of the thyroid gland is an uncommon, but potentially malignant lesion. However, in many instances, the malignant potential of the H$\"{u}$rthle cell neoplasm is very difficult to judge histologically. For this reason, the biologic behavior of this tumor and its optimal treatment have come under considerable debate in recent years. In order to review the clinicopathologic features of the H$\"{u}$rthle cell neoplasm and to determine its optimal treatment modalities, we studied 26 patients with path logical proof of H$\"{u}$rthle cell tumor from January 1987 to September 1997. We also performed an immunohistochemical study using the monoclonal antibodies against antigen CD34 for the angiogenic activity of this tumor and evaluated the differences of microvessel density(MVD) between benign and malignant tumors. The age of the patients ranged from 1 to 71 years with a mean of 44.2 years. There were 6 males and 20 females(M : F= 1 : 3.3). The accuracies of fine needle aspiration biopsy and frozen section were very low; 6.3% and 34.8%, respectively. There were 20 benign tumors and 6 malignant tumors(23.1%). All the malignant tumors were microinvasive(intermediate) type which had minimal capsular invasion and most of them(5 cases) were diagnosed postoperatively. Any specific clinicopathologic differences were not seen between benign and intermediate groups. Most of the cases had conservative surgeries(15 ipsilateral lobectomy-isthmusectomy, 7 subtotal thyroidectomy) while total thyroidectomy was performed in 4 cases. Of the cases with malignant tumor, 2 had ipsilateral lobectomy-isthmusectomy, 3 had subtotal thyroidectomy and the remaining 1 had total thyroidectomy. Mean size of the tumors was 3.0 cm(0.1- 8.5 cm) in the greatest diameter and multiple tumors were seen in 6 cases(23.1 %). During the follow-up period, only one recurrence(3.8%) of benign tumor occurred but distant metastasis or cause-specific death was seen in the benign or intermediate groups. Mean MVDs of the benign(n=13) and intermediate(n=6) groups were $121.7{\pm}35.3$ and $114.3{\pm}31.7$, respectively and there was no statistical significance between them. In conclusion, because of the low accuracies of fine needle aspiration biopsy and frozen section for the H$\"{u}$rthle cell neoplasm, the extent of surgery could be individualized based on permanent pathologic examination; Conservative surgery would be adequate for patients with benign or intermediate H$\"{u}$rthle cell neoplasm and total or near-total thyroidectomy for those with definite malignancy.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.217-221
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• 1999

Background and Objectives: Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis or Kikuchi's disease has now become recognized in many parts of the world as a well-defined clinicopathologic entity. It typically affects cervical lymph nodes of young women, and subsides spontaneously within a few months without recurrences. The purpose of this study is to report the clinicopathologic finding, radiologic finding and many laboratory tests to elaborate the criteria that are useful in distinguishing this entity from inflammatory disease, granulomatous disease, lymphoma, malignant disease. Material and Methods: Authors evaluated 22 patients, who were diagnosed as subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis on excisional biopsy or fine needle aspiration cytology with retrospective chart review. Results: The patient population consisted of 21 women and 1 men. The mean age was 25 years old(range 17 to 42 years). All patient had palpable neck mass and associated fever, headache, weight loss, otalgia, diarrhea, night sweating. and associated disorder is dermatitis, hepatitis B, SLE, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, albinism et al. The multiple bilateral involvement of cervical lymph node was 20 cases(91%) and multiple unilateral 18 cases(82%), multiple bilateral 2 cases(9%). Solitary involvement was 2 cases(9%), mean size of involved lymph node was 2.0cm. In laboratory tests, leukopenia 17 cases(72%), elevated ESR 12 cases(54%), elevated GOT, GPT 3 cases(13%). In CT finding, lymph nodes enhanced in homogeneous fashion, and there was no evidence of central necrosis. Conclusion: Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis, Kikuchi's disease may be easily confused clinically, pathologically, radiologically with malignant lymphoma, inflammatory disease, granulomatous disease. We should consider open biopsy of lymph node in the patient which had unilateral multiple cervical lymph node and in laboratory tests, were leukopenia, elevated ESR, especially in young women. otherwise, result of fine needle aspiration biopsy is nonspecific, excisional biopsy is recommended in order to differentiate other disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.264-267
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• 2005

A 12-year-old, 8.0 kg, spayed female, mixed-breed dog was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University (VMTH, CNU). That case has been growing up mass in her left upper hindlimb about for 2 years and has showed vomiting and anorexia for 3 days. The patient was diagnosed with mast cell tumor on the basis of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology techniques. According to World Health Organization clinical staging system for diagnosing mast cell tumors, it was classified into stage IIIa. The patient was treated by adjuvant corticosteroid therapy, but complete surgical excision was not achieved by owner's request. In the early stage of therapy, the size of the mass was gradually reduced with only adjuvant glucocorticoid therapy, so the patient's general condition was maintained well. But after 53 days later, the treatmant was not effective anymore and mass size was increased. Two months later, she was euthanized because of intermittent vomiting and severe respiratory distress. Splenic mass, duodenal ulceration, liver mass and infiltrated mast cell tumor in upper hindlimb muscle region were found in necropsy examination.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.525-530
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• 1998

Thoracoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis has been known to be effective and to have cosmetic merits compared to conventional open sympathectomy. In spite of its cosmetic advantages over thoracotomy, VATS using 5 mm or 10 mm instruments still has the problem of operative wound as well as pain on trocar sites. Recently, 2 mm thoracoscopic instruments have been used. The purpose of this study was to examine the results of thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis with 2 mm thoracoscopic instruments. From January 1997 to April 1997, 46 patients underwent bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy with 2mm instruments at Seoul National University Hospital. T-2 ganglion was carefully dissected and resected out in all patients. In one patient, the lower third of T-1 ganglion was inadvertently resected together with T-2 ganglion due to poor anatomical localization. In 4 patients who also complained of excessive axillary sweating, T-3 ganglion was resected as well. The instruments were removed without leaving any chest drain after reexpansion of the lung. Trocar sites were approximated with sterile tapes. All patients were relieved of excessive sweating in their upper extremities immediately after the operation. Nine patients(19.6%) showed incomplete reexpansion of the lung, and two of them required needle aspiration. Complications related to the surgical procedures, such as Horner's syndrome, hemothorax, and brachial plexus injury, were not detected in any cases. Most patientsdid not complaine of pain. All patients were discharged from the hospital on the day of operation. Despite a narrow operative viewfield, thoracic sympathectomy with 2 mm thoracoscopic instruments can be performed without increasing any severe complications. We recommend 2 mm instruments for thoracoscopic sympathectomy because they make as the more cosmetic, less painful, and equally effective compared to thoracoscopic sympathectomy using 5 mm or greater instruments.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.744-748
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• 2009

Background: This study was designed to determine etiologic factors for iatrogenic pneumothorax in an era of in-creased use of invasive procedures and to evaluate its impact on morbidity. Material and Method: Subjects were 112 patients (65 men and 47 women ranging in age from 20 to 90 years) who were diagnosed with an iatrogenic pneumothorax between January 2005 and December 2008. We reviewed medical records retrospectively. Result: The leading causes of iatrogenic pneumothorax were percutaneous needle aspiration (50), central venous catheterization (29), acupuncture (14), thoracentesis (8) and positive pressure ventilation (7). The majority of the patients (60 of 114) were treated with chest tubes. The mean duration of hospital treatment was 5.8 $({\pm}4.0)$ days. Hospitalization was prolonged in 24 patients (21.1%). No patient died from iatrogenic pneumothorax. Conclusion: In our study, the most common cause of Iatrogenic pneumothorax was percutaneous needle aspiration. The mortality and morbidity from iatrogenic pneumothorax is not significant. The recognition of pneumothorax, depends on careful examination after completion of an invasive procedure, and should be followed by prompt and definitive therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1422-1425
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• 2002

Subcutaneous fat necrosis in neonates is a rare disease characterized by skin lesions, which may be single or multiple, poorly circumscribed and often tender erythematous nodules or plaques on cheeks, buttocks, back, arms, and thighs. These symptoms are usually self-limited; resolution occurs over a period of weeks to months. Subcutaneous fat necrosis affects full term and healthy-appearing infants who have experienced perinatal distress such as hypoxic insult, birth trauma and hypothermia. Most skin lesions appear within the first two weeks of life. We experienced a case of subcutaneous fat necrosis in a neonate with hypoxic insult and report the case with a brief review of the literature.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

The ultrasound-guided oocytes cllection (ovum pick-up ; OPU) has become a substitution for superovlation in cattle. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of OPU frequency on the in vitro production of embryos in Hanwoo cattle. Six cycling Hanwoo cows were distributed into two groups for either once or twice weekly OPU sessions. Oocytes were collected by ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration(SA600) using a 6.5HMz transducer and attached with 18 gauge needle, with vacuum pressure of 40 mmHg. The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) collected from each donor were matured in TCM 199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 5% CO2 in air at 38.5$^{\circ}C$ for 22h and in vitro matured oocytes were co-incubated with sperm(separated by Percoll gradient) for 6h. The zygotes were co-cultured on cumulus cell monolayer in 10ul droplets in the same culture medium and conditions used for IVM for 7 days. On Day 7 of culture, development to blastocysts was examined. Although the number of oocytes collected was variable depending on individuals, overall embryo production in the twice per week OPU sessions was better that in the once per week sessions(6~21 vs 2~7 blastocysts produced, respectively). Two cows(E, A) were good oocyte donors and embryo production was superior in cow C ; however, cow F was a poor donor as compared to the others. In conclusion, these results suggest that for embryo production, twice weekly OPU sessions were better than once per week for producing embryos in vitro from Hanwoo cattle.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2007

Mammary carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells is an unusual neoplasm characterized by giant cells, mononuclear stromal cells, and hemorrhage accompanying a low grade carcinoma. We present the cytological findings in a case of invasive ductal carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells that was initially confused with a fibroadenoma, due to its well-demarcated and soft mass and the young age of the patient. A 28-year-old female presented with a 4.5 cm, well demarcated, soft and nontender mass in the right breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed a combination of low grade malignant epithelial cell clusters and osteoclast-like giant cells. The atypical epithelial cells were present in cohesive sheets and clusters. Osteoclast-like giant cells and bland-looking mononuclear cells were scattered. An histological examination revealed the presence of an invasive ductal carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. We report here the cytological findings of this rare carcinoma in a very young woman. The minimal atypia of the epithelial cells and its soft consistency may lead to a false negative diagnosis in a young woman. The recognition that osteoclastlike giant cells are rarely present in a low grade carcinoma, but not in benign lesion, can assist the physician in making a correct diagnosis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.424-428
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• 2008

A 10-year-old castrated male Schnauzer (case 1) and a 13-year-old intact male Schnauzer (case 2) was referred with mass of left hind limb. We performed hemogram, serum chemistry, radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, fine needle aspiration and histopathology. The complete blood counts and serum biochemistry results were within the reference range. Radiography showed cutaneous mass with soft tissue density. The lesions of two dogs were revealed a definite marginated hyperechoic mass with vascularization in ultrasonography. Computed tomography showed an isodense mass in the left hind limb region with minimal contrast enhancing in case 1 and heterogenous enhancement in case 2. Cytology from ultrasonographic guided aspiration of the mass was suspected fibrous tissue-derived benign cell in two dogs. A surgical excision was performed in two dogs. In histological examination of the resected mass, cutaneous fibroma was revealed. The two patients were successfully treated by surgery and postoperative care. This report decribes and compares radiographic, ultrasonographic, computed tomographic, cytologic and histopathologic features of the cutaneous fibroma of two schnauzer dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.131-133
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• 2013

A 9-year-old, intact female Jindo dog weighing 23 kg was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with a history of two months of ocular discharge. Initial ocular examination showed a 2 cm elongated mass arising from the ventral bulbar conjunctiva of the left eye. Ocular ultrasound, performed to rule out any orbital and intraocular involvement, was negative. Thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasonography revealed no abnormalities. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of mass was performed. Aspiration cytology showed the presence of a round cell population mostly characterized. A moderate amount of eosinophils was present among round cells. The mass was excised and identified hitologically as a mast cell tumor. Six months after surgical treatment, thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasonography did not reveal any clinical signs of local recurrence or metastatic disease.