• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.315-323
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• 1994

Mammalian oviductal epithelial cells have been known to improve in vitro fertilization and embryonic development. Recently, co-cultured human embryos with the epithelial cells in human genital tract has been reported to improve the pregnancy rate. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the epithelial cells of human genital tract on the development of mouse early embryos and human fertilized oocytes. The epithelial cells of human genital tract were collected from the fallopian tubes which were obtained during hysterectomy in fertile women and from the endometrium during endometrium biopsy. Collected human ampullary cells(HACs) and endometrial cells(HECs) were cultured for 10 days to establish primary monolayer. Second passaged HACs and HECs were obtained by trypsinization were cryopreserved in PBS with 1.5 M DMSO for later use. To investigate the effect when co-cultured with HACs and HECs, we tried to apply strict quality control on mouse embryo, from two cell to blastocyst prior to human trial. The results of quality control were as follows; In Group I (Ham's F10 with 10% FCS), Group IT (co-cultured with HACs) and Group ill (co-cultured with HECs), developmental rates to blastocyst were 63.3%(253/400), 76.0%(304/ 400),74.0%(296/400), respectively. Hatching rates were 36.8%(147/400), 41.80/0(167/400), 38.0%(152/400), respectively(p<0.05). To perform the human IVF, cryopreserved HACs were thawed at 37$^{\circ}C$ waterbath, seeded on the well dish and cultured for 48 hI'S. The pronuclear stage embryos were transferred to the seeded well dish. After 24 hRS, co-cultured embryos were examined and transferred to patient's uterus. The results of human IVF when co-cultured with HACs were that fertilization and developmental rates were 61.8% (256/414), 95.3% (244/256) as compared with 57.2% (279/488) and 94.6%(264/279) in Ham's F10 supplemented with 10% FCS(control). However, 62.9% (161/256) of co-cultured human embryos showed good embryos(no or slight fragmentation) as compared with 53.8 % (150/279) in control(p < 0.05). Pregnancy rate was 40.0% (12/30) when co-cultured with HACs whereas 30.6%(11/36) in control. In conclusions, co-culture system using HACs and HECs improved the developmental and hatching rates of mouse embryo. Also, in human IVF system when co-cultured with HACs, it improved both the quality of human embryos and the pregnancy rate.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2024

Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips palmi are economically important pests of cucumber. The chemicals used to control them can be effective; however, they should not be used frequently on cucumbers that are consumed raw. Banker plants were selected to increase the control efficiency of Orius laevigatus, a natural enemy that can replace the chemicals. The hatching rate, emergence rate, nymph developmental period, survival rate, and reproductive capacity (fecundity and oviposition period) of O. laevigatus for four plants (moss rose, basil, broad bean, and cucumber) were investigated. The density of O. laevigatus on two selected banker plants was investigated in a cucumber greenhouse. The hatching rate of O. laevigatus eggs was highest at 92% in moss rose; however, there was no significant difference in survival rates between moss rose and basil. The fecundity and oviposition period of O. laevigatus were better in moss rose than in basil, with no significant difference between them. The flowering period of basil was longer than that of moss rose, from April to September. Therefore, basil has potential value as a banker plant for O. laevigatus and is expected to increase the biological control effect of O. laevigatus.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2001

Development and reproduction of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci(B biotype) were investigated under different temperatures and host plants. Developmental periods from egg to pre-adult of whiteflies measured under four constant temperatures: they were 86.2 days at $15^{\circ}C$ and 17.0 days at $30^{\circ}C$. Lower threshold temperature and total effective temperature for the development of egg and nymph, and for the complete development (egg to emergence) were $10.1,\;11.6,\;11.1^{\circ}C$ and 110.3, 204.7, 317.3 degree days, respectively. The hatching and emergence rates were 87.0% at $25^{\circ}C$ and 76.7% at $20^{\circ}C$, which were higher than the results of other temperatures. The adult longevity was 23.6 and 14.0 days at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The highest average fecundity per female was 103.3 at $25^{\circ}C$. But there were no significant differences among the temperatures. The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase($r_{m}$) was 0.196 at $30^{\circ}C$ and the highest net reproduction rate ($R_{o}$) was 97.33 at $25^{\circ}C$. Developmental periods from egg to pre-adult of whiteflies were 21.2 on the tomato, 28.1 on red pepper, 22.2 on eggplant and 25.5 days on poinsetia. The hatching was highest (90.3%) on red paper and emergence rate was highest (89.6%) on eggplant. The longest longevity of adult female was 26.5 days on eggplant, and the average fecundity per female was greater on tomato and eggplant than on other host plants. The intrinsic rate of natural increase($r_{m}$) was the highest on tomato as 0.165 and the net reproduction rate ($R_{o}$) was the highest on eggplant as 106.1. As a result, the optimum range of temperature for the growth of B. tabaci was between $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, and the optimum host plant were tomato and eggplant among the plants tested.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 1997

The early life history and reproductive ecology of Siniperca scherzeri were studied to obtain fundamental information in aquaculture and reinforcement of natural population in Soyang Lake, Buk-myon, Chunchon-shi, Kangwon-do from June to October 1996. Symptric species with adult fishes (+1 ages) of Siniperca scherzeri were 11 species belonging to 6 families and 10 genera and those with Juveniles (2~3 months) were 5 species belonging to 4 families and 5 genera. The sex radio of this species were 1 (female, 85) : 1.24 (male, 105). Adult and juvenile of this species were predominantly piscivores. Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, Zacco platypus, common carp, Cyprinus carpio, unidentified fish and shrimp were important components of the food items. The spherical eggs were demersal and separative without a colorless transparent chorion and slightly yellowish yolk containing one large oil globule (0.5~0.7mm). The egg just after fertilization were measuring 1.72~2.05mm (n=30), and expanded to 2.27~2.58mm (n=30) in diameter after 30 min. Hatching occurred 130~155 hrs after fertilization at water temperature of $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and newly hatched larvae measuring 5.5~7.1mm in total length. In the newly hatched larvae, numerous branched malanophores were distributed on the yolk and abdomen of caudal peduncle. In ten-day old larvae, the yolk was mostly absorbed and the head spines and the teeth were well developed. All fin rays were formed and total length of the larvae were reached 13.6~15.6mm at 20 days after hatching. In fifty-five day old larvae were similar in both body shape and color to adult. The juvenile stage at 4 months after hatching were attained 86.4~95.3mm (n=7) in total length and 8.77~14.78g (n=7) in body weight.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2016

To evaluate the efficacy of natural nematicides for the control of root-knot nematode in strawberry greenhouses, commercial essential oils were examined by 24-well culture plate bioassay for their nematicidal activities against second-stage juveniles and eggs of Meloidogyne hapla. Based on the mortality of M. hapla juveniles at a concentration of $125{\mu}g/mL$, the most active essential oil was Alpinia galanga (100%), followed by Carum carbi (22.3%), Eugenia caryophyllata (9.4%), Cinnamonum zeylanicum (7.2%), Mentha pulegium (2.4%), and Foeniculum vulgare (2.1%). Moreover, A. galanga significantly reduced hatching at 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. The volatile constituents identified in the A. galangal oil were methyl cinnamate (87.4%), 1,8-cineole (4.4%), ${\beta}$-pinene (2.5%), ${\alpha}$-pinene (2.2%), and p-cymene (1.1%), as major constituents. Results of this study show that A. galangal essential oil and its major constituents may serve as an environmental friendly agent of a promising natural nematicide to control Meloidogyne spp.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.3 s.113
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• pp.352-360
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• 2005

Acheilognathus signifer is distributed widely in high density in the Naechon-stream. The order of this-stream was 2 ${\sim}$ 4 and the water width is wide but the depth is relatively shallow and the sinuosity is 1.83, which indicates a meandering stream. The water width/stream width ratio is 1.59, which suggests moderate entrenchment. Naechon-stream was classed as B type by Rosgen (1995). The natural habitat of A. signifer is a slow flow velocity pool, like a backwater pool, which is made up of piled up boulders that restricts the flow of water. The stream bed is made up of boulders and sands that enable the spawning host to inhabit. A. signifer selects a microhabitat where the boulders furnish hiding places. The Habitat of A. signifer is strongly affected by the existence or not there of U. douglasiae sinuolatus. After hatching from the mussel, A. signifer inhabits the surface of the water. It then moves to the low layer once it acquires swimming ability. While A. signifer inhabits the river in summer, A. signifer moves to the deeper layers in winter, where there are the refuge like rocks and boulders. In spring A. signifer moves from the deep water to the river line where the mussels reside.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.2 s.39
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• pp.107-110
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• 1979

An parasite, Anicetus beneficus was introduced from Japan to Jeju-do, Korea in 1975, and evaluated as a biological agent for control of the ruby scale, Ceroplastes rubens MASKELL. The results were as follows: 1. A major pest of citrus, ruby scale had one generation a year and hatched from late June to early August with the peak hatching in the middle of July. 2. A. beneficus was widely distributed in 16 citrus growing areas since released in 1975. 3. The pnupulation of ruby scales was considerably decreased by increasing of the parasites. Mean percent parasitism of A. beneficus was 1.7 in 1975, 14.1 in 1976, 31.0 in 1977 and 37.0 in 1978.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2020

The pH of water is one of the main environmental factors exerting selective pressure on marine and freshwater organisms. Here, we focus on the influence of pH on an organism's ability to maintain homeostasis and investigate the effects of acidification on immunity-related genes and osmotic pressure during early development of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of various pH levels on the fertilized eggs and larvae of P. olivaceus. Gametes of P. olivaceus were artificially introduced and the resulting fertilized eggs were incubated at pH 4.0 (low), 6.0, and 8.0 (equivalent to natural sea water; control). We found that all eggs sank from the water column at pH 4.0. After 38 h, these eggs showed slow development. Hatching occurred more slowly at pH 4.0 and 6.0 and did not occur at all at pH 4.0. Result of gene expression, caspase and galectin-1 were expressed from the blastula to pre-hatch stages, with the exception of the two-cell stage. HSP 70 was also steadily expressed at all pH levels over the five days. The osmolality of fertilized eggs differed marginally at each stage and across pH levels. So, this results demonstrates that low pH level is detrimental to P. olivaceus fertilized eggs.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.29
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• pp.8.1-8.8
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• 2014

Objectives An ecofriendly alternative to chemical pesticides is bio-pesticides, which are derived from natural sources. The interest in bio-pesticides is based on the disadvantages associated with chemical pesticides. Methods We conducted acute toxicity assessments of camphor, a major component of bio-pesticides, by using Daphnia magna (D. magna) as well as assessed the morphological abnormalities that occurred in Danio rerio (D. rerio) embryos. Results The median effective concentration of camphor on D. magna after 48 hours was $395.0{\mu}M$, and the median lethal concentration on D. rerio embryos after 96 hours was $838.6{\mu}M$. The no observed effect concentration and predicted no effect concentration of camphor on D. magna, which was more sensitive than D. rerio, were calculated as $55.2{\mu}M$ and $3.95{\mu}M$, respectively. Morphological abnormalities in D. rerio embryos exposed to camphor increased over time. Coagulation, delayed hatching, yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, and pigmentation of embryos mainly appeared between 24 and 48 hours. Further, symptoms of scoliosis and head edema occurred after 72 hours. In addition, bent tails, ocular defects and collapsed symptoms of fertilized embryonic tissue were observed after 96 hours. Conclusions The camphor toxicity results suggest that continuous observations on the ecosystem are necessary to monitor toxicity in areas where biological pesticides containing camphor are sprayed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 1990

This study investigated host range, seasonal occurrence and developmental characteristics of Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus Green on persimmon trees. The host plants covered 34 families and 66 species, including newly recorded species of Chenopodum album var. centrorubrum, Glycine max, Begonia semperflorens, Pharbitis nil, Perilla frutescens var. japonica and Erigeron canadensis. There was one generation of C. pseudoceriferus a year with larval stage expanding from mid-June to mid-October. Average number of eggs laid per female was 1,073$\pm$177.3. Hatching rate was 97.3% and was not affected by temperatures and photoperiods. Stadium varied as 23.4 days in eggs, 128.3 days in larvae and 213.3 days in female adults including overwintering periods at natural condition.