• BMB Reports
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 1996

Taq DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus has been shown to be very useful in the polymerase chain reaction method, which is being used for amplifying DNA. Not only does Taq DNA polymerase have high commercial value commercial value for the polymerase chain reaction application, but it is also important in studying DNA replication, because it is apparently an homologue to E. coli DNA polymerase I, which has long been used for DNA replication study (Lawyer et ai., 1993). The crystal structure determination of Taq DNA polymerase was initiated. An X-ray diffraction pattern breaks down a crystal structure into discrete sine waves in a Fourier series. The original shape of a crystal object in terms of electron density may be represented as the sum of those sine waves with varying amplitudes and phases in three dimensions. The molecular replacement method was initially employed to provide phase information for the structure of Taq DNA polymerase. The rotation search using the program MERLOT resulted in a solution peak with 5.4 r.m.s. PC-refinement of the X-PLOR program verified the result and also optimized the orientation angles. Next, the translation search using the X-PLOR program resulted in a unique solution peak with 7.35 r.m.s. In addition, the translation search indicated $P3_121$ to be the true space group out of two possible ones. The phase information from the molecular replacement was useful in the MIR phasing experiment.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2013

Objective: Low back pain is a primary of source of dysfunction and economic costs. Gluteus medius muscle co-activation and activity pattern change caused the low back pain. Active release technique (ART) is a patented, non-invasive, soft tissue treatment process that both locates and breaks down the scar tissue and adhesions. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects on chronic low back pain using ART on gluteus medius so that suggest usable treatment method for treating chronic low back pain. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Twelve patients with chronic low back pain were participated in this study. Subjects in ART group were received 2 times a week for 3 weeks treatments with either ART on gluteus medius muscle trigger points. Outcome measures were conducted by pain intensity with a pain visual analogue scale and pressure pain threshold on gluteus medius. Results: Completion of the intervention, the visual analogue scale was decreased in ART group (p<0.05). Also pressure pain threshold was decreased in ART group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the response to ART may be usable to treat low back pain. ART was presented to reduce pain level of low back in people with chronic low back pain. Further study is required to management for low back pain due to gluteus medius and more ART study.

• 천문학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2022

We report the discovery of four quasars with M₁₄₅₀ ≳ -25.0 mag at z ~ 5 and supermassive black hole mass measurement for one of the quasars. They were selected as promising high-redshift quasar candidates via deep learning and Bayesian information criterion, which are expected to be effective in discriminating quasars from the late-type stars and high-redshift galaxies. The candidates were observed by the Double Spectrograph on the Palomar 200-inch Hale Telescope. They show clear Lyα breaks at about 7000-8000 Å, indicating they are quasars at 4.7 < z < 5.6. For HSC J233107-001014, we measure the mass of its supermassive black hole (SMBH) using its C _IV λ1549 emission line. The SMBH mass and Eddington ratio of the quasar are found to be ~10⁸ M_⊙ and ~0.6, respectively. This suggests that this quasar possibly harbors a fast growing SMBH near the Eddington limit despite its faintness (L_Bol < 10⁴⁶ erg s^-1). Our 100% quasar identification rate supports high efficiency of our deep learning and Bayesian information criterion selection method, which can be applied to future surveys to increase high-redshift quasar sample.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2007

PZT와 같은 압전 재료는 능동 진동 억제 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있지만 단일 PZT의 경우 장착 과정에서의 손상, 전기 누전, 낮은 피로 성능과 같은 문제가 지적되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 개발된 LIPCA 작동기는 여러 층의 복합재료와 PZT 층으로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 LIPCA 작동기를 끝단 질량이 부착된 알루미늄 외팔보의 진동을 억제하는데 적용하였다. 양변위 되먹임 제어 알고리듬을 사용하였으며, 필터 주파수를 대상 모드의 첫 번째 고유진동수에 맞추었다. 실험적으로 구한 알루미늄 보의 고유 진동수는 유한요소 해석의 결과와 잘 일치하였다. LIPCA 작동기를 능동 진동제어에 적용할 때 효율성을 시간과 주파수 영역에서 확인하고자 하였는데, 실험 결과 PPF제어를 사용한 LIPCA 작동기가 자유 진동의 안정화 시간과 강제 진동의 진폭을 효과적으로 제어할 수 있었다. 사례 연구로 다른 두께를 가지는 보의 강제 진동 제어를 수행하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2017

The mortality rate in industrial accidents in South Korea was 11 per 100,000 workers in 2015. It's five times higher than the OECD average. Economic losses due to industrial accidents continue to grow, reaching 19 trillion won much more than natural disaster losses equivalent to 1.1 trillion won. It requires fundamental changes according to industrial safety management. In this study, We classified the risk of accidents in industrial complex of Ulju-gun using spatial analytics and data mining. We collected 119 data on accident data, factory characteristics data, company information such as sales amount, capital stock, building information, weather information, official land price, etc. Through the pre-processing and data convergence process, the analysis dataset was constructed. Then we conducted geographically weighted regression with spatial factors affecting fire incidents and calculated the risk of fire accidents with analytical model for combining Boosting and CART (Classification and Regression Tree). We drew the main factors that affect the fire accident. The drawn main factors are deterioration of buildings, capital stock, employee number, officially assessed land price and height of building. Finally the predicted accident rates were divided into four class (risk category-alert, hazard, caution, and attention) with Jenks Natural Breaks Classification. It is divided by seeking to minimize each class's average deviation from the class mean, while maximizing each class's deviation from the means of the other groups. As the analysis results were also visualized on maps, the danger zone can be intuitively checked. It is judged to be available in different policy decisions for different types, such as those used by different types of risk ratings.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2021

연구목적: 최근 대형 사회재난이 발생하면서 사회재난 안전도 진단에 대한 필요성이 요구되며 행정안전부에서 지역 안전지수, 국가안전대진단 등 지역의 안전도 등급을 계산하여 매년 공표하고 있다. 기존의 안전도 진단 시스템은 등간격 혹은 정규분포를 이용해서 획일화된 방법으로 등급화를 진행하여 위험지도를 작성하고 있다. 연구방법: 하지만 등간격 기법은 위험등급을 객관적으로 분석할 수 있지만 분포가 한쪽에 치우쳐있는 경우 위험등급을 분류하는데 한계가 있으며 z-score 기법은 모집단이 정규분포를 따르지 않으면 신뢰도가 떨어지는 문제가 있다. 지표별로 통계 데이터의 분포가 상이하기 때문에 데이터 분포별로 가장 적합한 등급화를 적용해야한다. 연구결과: 따라서 본 논문에서는 재난 지표의 데이터를 분석하여 각 지표마다 최적화된 등급화를 진행하고자 기존의 등간격 기법과 네츄럴브레이크 기법을 비교 및 적합한 방법을 제시하였다. 결론: 그 결과 기존의 등급화 기법과 다르게 적용된 것은 6새 지표 중 3개에 해당하였다.

• 한국환경기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.576-585
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• 2018

상하수도를 포함하는 7대 지하매설배관(상수도, 하수도, 전기, 통신, 가스, 난방, 송유)은 시공에서부터 운영 및 유지관리에 걸친 전 생애 주기 동안 체계적인 관리가 매우 중요하다. 특히, 지하매설배관의 전생애주기에 가장 큰 영항을 미치는 것은 시공과정이다. 새로운 도시를 건설하거나 서로 다른 지하매설배관을 유지관리하기 위해서는 매번 땅을 파고 시공 및 관련 작업을 수행해야 한다. 이 과정에 먼저 시공한 배관은 후에 시공하는 배관 시공 과정에 2차 및 3차 파손이 빈번하게 발생할 수 있는 가능성이 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 시공 과정에 일어나는 파손을 실시간으로 감시할 수 있는 시스템이 필요하다. 또한 지하매설배관의 환경에 따라 시스템의 지속적으로 운영하기 위한 전력의 공급이 제한되는 경우가 많아 기존 전력이 아닌 자연에너지를 이용한 안정적인 전력공급 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 풍력과 태양광을 이용한 자연에너지를 이용하여 배관감시 시스템을 장기간(24시간 15일) 안정적으로 운영이 가능한 장치를 개발하였으며 이를 현장시험을 거쳐 운전성능을 확인하였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is on identifying the function of ground temperature arrangement of village grove. Case study was accomplished at Hacho village grove in Jinan-gun, Jeonbuk province. Hacho village grove was the largest grove of all and most formal grove in Jinan region. So ground temperature of outside and inside of Hacho village grove were measured from March to October in 2001. And comparative review about difference between outside and inside of village grove was accomplished. Our ancestors, in spite of orient and occident, have made a settlement in consideration of climatic conditions. We have to team from past pattern and add modern scientific technology. So traditional wisdom and wise planning process must be considered in order to create qualitative residential environment in present through natural elements. It is identified that in winter, the inner side ground temperature is higher than outside one of that and in summer, in contrary, the inner side one of that is lower than outside one of that. So it is identified that Macho village grove breaks winds and reduce the heating energy in winter, it reduces ground temperature and reduces cooling energy very well in summer. It is identified that village grove reduce ground temperature in summer better than any other season. It is identified that in summer, the effect of maintaining constant temperature is also better than my other season. So it is identified that village grove stabilize most changeable outside temperature in inside of that.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.1064-1067
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• 2012

최근 저가의 풍부한 재생 가능 천연자원인 식물성 오일에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있다. 식물성 오일은 친환경적인 생분해성 고분자 물질들의 원료로서 사용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO)과 2-aminoethanol의 중합 반응에 의해 poly(${\beta}$-amino ester)를 합성하였다. AESO와 2-aminoethanol의 몰비를 변화시켜 다양한 비율의 고분자 필름을 제조하였다. FT-IR을 이용하여 poly(${\beta}$-amino ester) 내의 C-N 결합의 생성을 확인하였으며, 98% 이상의 겔함량으로부터 가교 고분자 네트웍이 합성되었음을 확인하였다. 고분자 필름의 인장강도와 신장률은 각각 0.3~1.3 MPa, 32~55%였다. 고분자 필름은 lipase 효소가 첨가된 pH 7.2 완충용액에서 35일 경과 후 2~7%의 질량감소를 보였다.

• 복식
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.143-158
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• 2007

This study considers enlargement phenomenon in hair style as one of Costume types and analyzes its artistic characteristics based on the comparison between Hair style in the late Chosun Dynasty and that of the Rococo. First, its formative property, one of the common aesthetic characteristics, breaks the concept of traditional balance in Clothing and emphasizes its transformation, changes, and space beauty. This formative property shows the Enlargement and exaggeration beyond the concept of Space. Its sensuous property reflects women's psychological minds; exaggeration and sensualism. Artistic property doesn't focus on hair style only or clothing style only and considers hair style as renter of beauty as well as its important element. It shows the traditional beauty of nature and creativity in the Chosun Dynasty. Second, its formative property, one of the differential aesthetic characteristics, shows these following differences considering the aesthetic characteristics in the late Chosun Dynasty and that of the Rococo; mutual transformation, independent transformation, focus on distortion, harmony in scale, disharmony between irregularity and exception, extension and separation in space, etc. Sensuous property shows the temperate beauty and metaphorical sense, affected by the Practical Science, in the late Chosun Dynasty while it shows the secular sense and exaggerated beauty, affected by the Enlightenment, in the Rococo. Artistic property shows the harmony with the Clothing style, balanced wearing lines, and natural beauty, as one part of Clothing, in the late Chosun Dynasty. However it shows creativity, as separate part from Clothing, in the Rococo.