• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1093-1101
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• 2003

Reproductive data, such as numbers of days to the first estrus and A.I. service postpartum, number of days to conception, number of A.I. services required for conception, interval between the first estrus and first A.I. service and the average interval of A.I. service in Thai native-Friesian crossbred and pure Friesian dairy cows, were compiled in the National Dairy Training and Applied Research Institute in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The data were analyzed statistically and the effect of milk production on these reproductive traits was investigated. The reproductive efficiency of purebred cows was obviously inferior when compared with crossbred animals, in spite of special care being given to the purebred only in order to alleviate the effect of a tropical climate and provide better feeding. However, the regression analysis between reproductive and lactational parameters revealed a definite antagonistic effect of lactation on reproduction, especially in the purebred cows, which had a larger amount of milk production and longer lactation period. If these effects of lactation were eliminated, there would be no evident difference in reproductive efficiency between purebred and crossbred cows in the conditions of this study. Among the reproductive parameters examined, the number of days to the first estrus and interval between the first estrus and first A.I. service were less affected by breed difference and the magnitude of lactation than other reasons.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.751-757
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• 2012

In order to develop specific genetic markers and determine the genetic diversity of Bangladeshi native cattle (Pabna, Red Chittagong) and exotic breeds (Sahiwal), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed using 12 primers. Genomic DNA was extracted from 20 cattle (local and exotic) blood samples and extracted DNA was observed by gel electrophoresis. Among the random primers three were matched and found to be polymorphic. Genetic relations between cattle's were determined by RAPD polymorphisms from a total of 66.67%. Statistical analysis of the data, estimating the genetic distances between cattle and sketching the cluster trees were estimated by using MEGA 5.05 software. Comparatively highest genetic distance (0.834) was found between RCC-82 and SL-623. The lowest genetic distance (0.031) was observed between M-1222 and M-5730. The genetic diversity of Red Chittagong and Sahiwal cattle was relatively higher for a prescribed breed. Adequate diversity in performance and adaptability can be exploited from the study results for actual improvement accruing to conservation and development of indigenous cattle resources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1316-1322
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• 2000

Data were compiled and statistically analyzed on the lactation of 50% and 75% Thai native-Friesian crossbred and purebred Friesian cows that were fed at a national institute in Chiang Mai, Thailand. More than 30% higher milk production was obtained in the 75% crossbred compared with that in the 50%, but this amount of milk production in the upgraded breed was still about half that of purebred Friesians; 2,138 kg, least squares means during an average lactation period of 279 days in the 50% crossbred, 2,847 kg during 277 days in the 75% crossbred and 5,585 kg during 308 days in the purebred. Environmental stress due to tropical climate was alleviated by the use of electric fans and water sprinklers in the feeding house during the hot season, and improved diet seemed to enable purebred Friesians to keep their ability to produce a milk quantity of more than 6,500 kg per year. This special care was not given to crossbreds and significantly negative correlations were found between daily minimum temperature and humidity during the initial 100 days of lactation and total milk production and average daily milk yield in the 75% crossbreds. However, these correlations were not found in the 50% crossbreds.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2003

Rehmannia glutinosa is one of the most important medicinal crops in Korea. However, various plant pathogens, including Fusatium spp., cause great damage on R. glutinosa and result in enormous economic losses. This study was conducted to breed Fusarium-resistant plants by using Agrobacterium tumefaciences and AFP (anti-fungal protein) gene. The plant material used was a native accession of R. glutinosa. The PCR analysis was conducted to verify transgenicity. Based on the PCR analysis, nptII band was observed in transgenic plant genome. Southern blot and AFP protein analyses also showed the expression of this gene in transgenic plants. Expression of AFP in transgenic plants offers the possibility of developing resistance to fungal infection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.915-921
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• 2001

IGF-I is involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation in mammals, but its role as a modulator of growth and metabolism in poultry is poorly understood. And, no studies have so far been reported for the comparison between serum IGF-I concentration and body growth in the egg type or the dual purposes (meat and egg type) chicken including the Korean Native Ogol Chicken (KNOC). Therefore, in order to improve the body growth and meat production of the KNOC, this study was conducted for the identification of the polymorphism of IGF-I gene and for its possible association with both body weight and IGF-I concentration. The RFLP patterns for IGF-I gene were identified by the PstI restriction enzyme. The frequencies of +/+, +/-, and -/- genotype were 16.9%, 51.7%, and 31.4%, respectively. Any statistical significance was not observed in all variations except for sex variation (p<0.01) by covariate quadratic model. The significant effect of the IGF-I genotype on body weight by sex indicates that there are different physiological characteristics in gender. Although the body weights of male KNOCs in most ages were not significant, there was a tendency of KNOCs with +/+ IGF-I genotype to be heavier than those with any other genotypes. But all IGF-I genotypes in female did not influence on body weight. The ANOYA revealed no significant effects of IGF-I genotypes on serum IGF-I concentration but sex effect was highly significant on the IGF-I concentration at 20 and 40 weeks (p<0.01). Although the +/+ genotype, in gender, tended to express a higher IGF-I concentration than the other genotypes at all ages in males, a statistical difference among the genotypes was not found except for 60 weeks (p<0.05). Furthermore, since body weight and IGF-I genotypes are associated, it is possible to improve KNOC to a meat type breed if a continuous selection can be made for the body weight and/or IGF-I traits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1184-1191
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• 2011

We attempted to generate a linkage map using Illumina Porcine 60K SNP Beadchip genotypes of the $F_2$ offspring from Korean native pig (KNP) crossed with Yorkshire (YS) pig, and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) using the line-cross model. Among the genotype information of the 62,136 SNPs obtained from the high-density SNP analysis, 45,308 SNPs were used to select informative markers with allelic frequencies >0.7 between the KNP (n = 16) and YS (n = 8) F0 animals. Of the selected SNP markers, a final set of 500 SNPs with polymorphic information contents (PIC) values of >0.300 in the $F_2$ groups (n = 252) was used for detection of thirty meat quality-related QTL on chromosomes at the 5% significance level and 10 QTL at the 1% significance level. The QTL for crude protein were detected on SSC2, SSC3, SSC6, SSC9 and SSC12; for intramuscular fat and marbling on SSC2, SSC8, SSC12, SSC14 and SSC18; meat color measurements on SSC1, SSC3, SSC4, SSC5, SSC6, SSC10, SSC11, SSC12, SSC16 and SSC18; water content related measurements in pork were detected on SSC4, SSC6, SSC7, SSC10, SSC12 and SSC14. Additional QTL of pork quality traits such as texture, tenderness and pH were detected on SSC6, SSC12, SSC13 and SSC16. The most important chromosomal region of superior pork quality in KNP compared to YS was identified on SSC12. Our results demonstrated that a QTL linkage map of the $F_2$ design in the pig breed can be generated with a selected data set of high density SNP genotypes. The QTL regions detected in this study will provide useful information for identifying genetic factors related to better pork quality in KNP.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1998

Nowadays many kinds of foreign breed horse and Korean native Cheju horse are raised in Korea. Horse has complicated structure and function to maintain normal health, and to overcome severe condition during gallop at full speed. Sometimes the disease take a bad turn becuase of difficulty of correct diagnosis for horse disease. In recent times, horse farm for fattening and reproduction is gradually increasing. However, thoracic disease and abdominal disease are frequently occuring by defect in raising management. But the diagnosis of these kinds of disease is difficult by former diagnostic method. Ultrasonographic diagnostic method is a method to slove the problem. In abroad, nowadays ultrasonography has been reported for circulatory organs and abdomonal organs in horse, cattle, sheep, and dog, and the importance of ultrasonographic diagnosis is recognized in veterinary clinical medicine. In the country, ultrasonography of Korean native goat, cattle and dog was recently reported, but there was no report for the ultrasonography of horse. So, ultrasonogram for the thyroid glands, jugular vein and carotid artery was evaluated in Cheju horse and Thoroughbred horse. Thyroid gland, jugular vein and carotid artery were determined on both sides of neck. The length of right thyroid lobe at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Cheju horse and Cheju foul were 54.8, 45.1, 46.1 and 42.2 mm, respectively. The width of right thyroid lobe at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Cheju horse and Cheju foul were 18.1, 14.3, 14.6 and 14.2 mm, respectively. The height of right thyroid lobe at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Cheju horse and Cheju foul were 27.3, 25.6, 26.2 and 25.5 mm, respectively. Similar ultrasonographic measurements were obtained for the left thyroid gland. The internal diameter of left jugular vein at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Cheju horse and Cheju foul were 10.6, 9.7, 10.5 and 9.2 mm, respectively. Similar ultrasonographic measurements were obtained for the right jugular vein. The internal diameter of right carotid artery at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Cheju horse and Cheju foul were 9.5, 8.8, 9.1 and 8.5 mm, respectively. Similar ultrasonographic measurements were obtained for the left carotid artery. It is concluded that the ultrasonographic values of this study provides references for the diagnosis of morphologic changes in the thyroid gland, jugular vein and carotid artery in Korean native Cheju horse and Thoroughbred horse.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.322-327
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• 2005

This study was intended to provide basic information which might be useful in increasing added values to the pork from Korean native black pigs (KNP), through comparative evaluation on carcass characteristics and meat qualities between KNP and four exotic breed groups including Duroc (DD), Landrace (LL), Yorkshire (YY), and LYD-cross (1/4LL 1/4YY, 1/2DD), and the results were summarized as follows. Live weight carcass weight, dressed meat weight, skin weight, fat weight and bone weight of KNP were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of DD, LL, YY and LYD-cross. Carcass yield and dressed meat yield were also significantly (p<0.05) lower in KNP than other 4 groups, however, total fat, skin, bone, kidney and kidney fat in percentage were significantly (p<0.05) higher for KNP than others. Dressed meat yield was highest for YY, followed by LYD-cross and KNP. Weight of belly was 6.12, 9.43, and 9.52 kg for KNP, YY and LYD-cross, respectively. Percent belly of KNP was $11.11\%$ while other groups ranged from 11.5 to $12.2\%$ Shear force value was not different among the treatments. KNP had significantly (p<0.05) lower water holding capacity (WHC), and cooking loss, but significantly (p<0.05) higher in juiciness comparatively. KNP had significantly (p<0.05) higher $a^{*}$ value while DD had significantly (p<0.05) lower than other breeds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1160-1168
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to compare morphological defects, viability, motility (MOT), fertility (F), and hatchability (H) in four Korean native chicken breeds (KNCBs), and to evaluate whether defective segments of spermatozoa are associated with MOT, F, and H. Methods: Four KNCBs, including Korean Ogye (KO), Hwangbong (HB), Hyunin Black (HH), and Hoengseong Yakdak (HY) were used. White Leghorn (WL) was used as a control. Nine cocks from each breed were randomly assigned into three groups. Semen was collected by abdominal massage method. Eosin-nigrosin staining method was used to identify live-dead spermatozoa. Different segments and specific morphological defects of spermatozoa were identified using 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylidole and MitoTracker Red CMXRos. F and H rates were evaluated following artificial insemination (AI). Results: KO had the highest MOT rate compared to HY. Viable normal sperm rates of KO and HH were high and comparable with WL. HY spermatozoa had the highest viable abnormal sperm (VAS) or morphological defect rate followed by HB. Likewise, HB spermatozoa had the highest dead sperm (dead) rate compared to KO, HY, and WL. Bent, coiled, detached, broken, and knotted were common identified specific morphological defects for all breeds. Most morphological defects were at the head and tail in all breeds. VAS showed strong negative correlation with MOT (r = -0.697) and F (r = -0.609). Similarly, defective tail was negatively correlated with MOT (r = -0.587), F (r = -0.797), and H (r = -0.448). The F and H rates of KO and WL were comparable. Conclusion: These data indicate that most identified specific morphological defects are at the head and tail. VAS and defective tail were associated with poor motility, F, and H. KNCBs showed more morphological defects than WL. Finally, these results will facilitate successful AI and semen cryopreservation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.143-151
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• 1992

Sixty Four fresh and 142 frozen embryos of dairy cattle were transferred to synchronized dairy, beef or Korean Native Cattle nonsurgically at National Animal Breeding Institute from 1985 to 1990. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The pregnancy rate of fresh embryos(39.1%) was higher than that of frozen embryos(32.4%) and average pregnancy rate was 34.5%. 2. The pregnancy rate of grade 1 embryos was higher than that of grade 2 embryos for both fresh(41.3% vs 33.3%) and frozen embryos(35.4% vs 25.6%). 3. The pregnancy rate according to development stage of fresh embryos was increased with maturity as 29.2%, 33.3%, 50.0% and 54.5% for morula, early blastocyst, blastocyst and expanded blastocyst, respectively. For frozen embryos, the pregnancy rate of blastocyst(44.4%) was higher than those of morula(31.3%) and early blastocyst(28.0%). 4. The pregnancy rate according go recipient-donor synchrony for fresh embryos was higher when the recipients exhibited estrus 1 day earlier than the donors(43.8%) than when the recipients exhibited estrus 1 day later than the donors(38.1%) or when the recipients and donors exhibited estrus at the same time(37.0%). For forzen embryos, the pregnancy rate was decreased when the recipients and donors exhibited estrus at the same time(37.9%), when the recipients exhibited estrus 1 day later than the donors(32.0%) and when the recipients exhibited estrus 1 day earlier than the donors(23.5%), in sequence. 5. The pregnancy rate of heifers was higher than that of cows for both fresh(50.5% vs 37.9%) and frozen embryos(39.7% vs 25.7%). 6. The pregnancy rate according to recipient breed for fresh embryos was higher in dairy cattle(42.1%) and beef cattle(40.%) than in Korean Native Cattle(33.3%). For frozen embryos, the pregnancy rate was decreased beef cattle(39.1%), dairy cattle(30.3%) and Korean Native Cattle(14.3%), in sequence. 7. The pregnancy rate according to equilibrium steps of glycerol and freezing rate was higher when transferred after 3-steps equilibrium and freezing by the rate of $0.3^{\circ}C$/min from $-6^{\circ}C$ to $-35^{\circ}C$ and $0.1^{\circ}C$/min to $-38^{\circ}C$(39.4%) than when transferred after 6-steps equilibrium and freezing by the rate of $0.5^{\circ}C/min$ from $-6^{\circ}C$ to $-30^{\circ}C$(30.3%).