• 환경위생공학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1.2-6
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• 1990

사탕무우 품종 Mirabo를 공시하여 수경과 포양실험을 통하여 나타는 B결핍증 식물체의 해부학적 및 전현적 관찰을 하였다. B결핍증에 걸린 사탕무우에 있어서는 수경또는 포양에서 다 같이 B함량이 매우 적었다. B결핍증의 증상진행은 우선 엽병의 표면쪽 기부에 흑갈색 줄이 나타나기 시작하였으며, 그 후 유엽록과 생장점 근처가 검게 괴사하였고, 엽신이 심하게 오그라졌으며, 생장이 거의 정지되었다. 나중에는 표면쪽 엽병 기부의 표피와 그 밑의 유조직이 괴사하였다. 그리고 유엽록 조직의 괴사와 붕괴는 점차 확대되어 갔다. B결핍증을 나타낸 사탕무우의 전현적 관찰에서는 그와 같은 식물의 엽록체는 붕괴하기 시작하였으며 다량의 전분과 Osmophilic granules가 보였다. 그리고 특히 어떤 엽록체 안에는 격자를 가진 다면체의 결정체가 발견되었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.278-286
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• 1999

To predict the behavior of the intravascular micro active endoscope in the real human vascular system, a human mock circulation system was developed. The intravascular micro active endoscope which consists of micro active bending catheter and micro drug infusion catheter was driven in the velocity, Re number and temperature controlled flow. The three SMA (Shape Memory Alloy) zigzag type spring in the micro active bending catheter was heated by the electric current generated by PWM controller, and the shape memory effect made the actuator bend to any direction. The micro drug infusion catheter was driven through the inner hole of the micro active bending catheter. A mock circulation system is shaped from Ascending Arota to Femoral artery according to a human data (the data contains many vascular sizes and hydrographs of many control points). We developed a vascular model with glass and silicone tubes, and set the flow system with circulation parts, flow settling parts, and lots of valves. The heater and heat-controller was added to the How system to centre! the temperature of the How at 36.5$^{\circ}C$. The result showed that the developed intravascular micro active endoscope could be induced to any point in the vascular model.

• 대기
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.451-466
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• 2010

This edition has continued since 2006 tropical cyclone season our effort to provide standard tropical cyclone summaries by the western North Pacific basin and detailed reviews of operationally or meteorologically significant tropical cyclones to document significant challenges and shortfalls in the tropical cyclone warning system to serve as a focal point for research and development efforts. The tropical cyclone season of 2009 in the western North Pacific basin is summarized and the main characteristics of general atmospheric circulation are described. Also, the official track and intensity forecasts of these cyclones are verified. The total number is less than 59-year (1951~2009) average frequency of 26.4. The 2009 western North Pacific season was an inactive one, in which 22 tropical storms generated. Of these, 13 TCs reached typhoon (TY) intensity, while the rest 9 TCs only reached severe tropical storm (STS) and tropical storm (TS) intensity - three STS and six TS storms. On average of 22 TCs in 2009, the Korea Meteorological Administration official track forecast error for 48 hours was 219 km. There was a big challenge for individual cyclones such as 0902 CHAN-HOM, 0909 ETAU, and 0920 LUPIT resulting in significant forecast error, with both intricate tracks and irregular moving speed. There was no tropical cyclone causing significant direct impact to the country. The tropical cyclone season in 2009 began in May with the formation of KUJIRA (0901). In September and October, ten TSs formed in the western North Pacific in response to enhanced convective activity. On the other hand, the TC activity was very weak from June to July. It is found that the unusual anti-cyclonic circulation in the lower level and weak convection near the Philippines are dominant during summertime. The convection and atmospheric circulation in the western North Pacific contributed unfavorable condition for TC activity in the 2009 summertime. Year 2009 has continued the below normal condition since mid 1990s which is apparent in the decadal variability in TC activity.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.449-459
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore different types of self-rated health trajectories among one-person households in Korea. Methods: We used five time-point data derived from Korea Health Panel (2011~2015). A latent growth curve modeling was used to assess the overall feature of self-rated health trajectory in one-person households, and a latent class growth modeling was used to determine the number and shape of trajectories. We then applied multinomial logistic regression on each class to explore the predicting variables. Results: We found that the overall slope of self-rated health in one-person households decreases. In addition, latent class analysis demonstrated three classes: 1) High-Decreasing class (i.e., high intercept, significantly decreasing slope), 2) Moderate-Decreasing class (i.e., average intercept, significantly decreasing slope), and 3) Low-Stable class (i.e., low intercept, flat and nonsignificant slope). The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the predictors of each class were different. Especially, one-person households with poor health condition early were at greater risk of being Low-Stable class compared with High-Decreasing class group. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that more attentions to one-person households are needed to promote their health status. Policymakers may develop different health and welfare programs depending on different characteristics of one-person household trajectory groups in Korea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2015

It is estimated that there is a total of approximately 100,000 species in Korea. However, the number is currently about 30,000 and only 16,027 species are listed in the 'Species Korea' (as of December, 2014). Of the listed species, 51 species are designated as the Endangered Species Class I while 195 species are in the Class II, totaling 246 endangered species including 20 mammals. Under the circumstances that development (e.g., roads) is increasingly threatening the persistence of endangered mammals, it is significant to identify and preserve suitable habitats for them. In this context, evaluating the values of the suitable habitat environment would serve as essential information for development decision making. This study estimated the values of endangered mammals' forest habitats through spatialization of habitat services. In doing so, a species distribution model, Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) was utilized for a group of endangered mammals including, mountain goat, wildcat, marten cat, and flying squirrel. To calculate the values per unit area, a benefit transfer method was used based on the point-estimate technique with the best available values estimated previously. The range of discount rate of 3.0 to 5.5 percent was applied taking the notion of social discount rate into account. As a result, the province with the highest values for endangered mammal habitats appeared to be Gangwon, followed by Gyeongbuk and Gyeongnam. The monetary values of the endangered mammal habitats were estimated to be 330 billion to 421 billion won per year.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2016

패널 시계열 자료를 소개하고 패널 1차 자기회귀 모형을 고려하였다. 패널 1차 자기회귀 모형의 동질성 검정을 위한 검정 통계량으로 Rao 통계량과 Wald 통계량을 제안하고, 그 극한분포를 제시하였다. 모의실험을 통해 패널의 수가 작을 때에도 패널의 수가 많을 때와 마찬가지로 두 검정 통계량의 분포가 카이제곱분포를 따르는 것을 확인하였으며, 패널의 수가 작을 때 Rao 통계량이 Wald 통계량 보다 더 우수한 검정력을 가짐을 모의실험을 통해 확인하였다. 시도별 월별 경제활동인구수 자료를 패널 1차 자기회귀 모형으로 적합하여 동질성 검정을 수행한 결과 동질성을 만족하였다. 동질성 검정을 만족한 자료를 시점별 평균을 이용하여 종합하고 이를 1차 자기회귀모형으로 적합하였다. 각각의 시도별로 적합한 모형과 시점별 평균을 이용하여 적합한 모형의 예측력을 비교한 결과 동질성 검정을 통과한 패널 1차 자기회귀모형의 경우 자료를 종합하여 적합한 모형의 예측력이 더 우수함을 확인하였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2012

As people's interest about wildlife animal increases, more wildlife animal centers are developing. In South Korea, currently 120 mammal species live, and 22 of them are designated as endangered species. It is important to protect these natural treasures and endangered species, because they are being harmed by human industrial activity. For example, road expansion and poaching have led to the destruction of wildlife animal habitats, which is increasing year by year. Nevertheless, data regarding the systematic treatment of wild animals that are in distress is lacking, and it is a reality that analysis of such data is also lacking. The Kangwon Wildlife Rescue Center investigates these types of distress experienced by mammals. By analyzing the shape of the wild animals killed or injured, the center seeks an efficient and systematic way to manage such distress. The data collected from the Wildlife Animal Center from September 2007 to August 2010 includes 195 different cases, and the animals point of rescue. There are 16 species, including 87 water deer (Hydropotes inermis), 39 raccoons (Nyctereutes procyonoides), 20 roe deer (Capreolus pygargus bedfordi), 10 goral (Nemorhaedus goral), 7 siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica), 6 otters (Lutra lutra) and etc. Within the first year (September 2007 to August 2008), the number of mammals rescued was 46. In the second year (September 2008 to August 2009), 60 animals were rescued. in the third year (September 2009 to August 2010), the Wildlife Animal Center had 89 animals. We can see that these numbers are increasing, which shows that people are interested in the well-being of these animals because they are reporting animal injuries more and more. The mains form of distress caused by humans are from car accidents 67 (34.4%). Traps, and other hunting tools used by poachers are responsible for 25 (13.0%). Also, human industrial activity thus indirectly led to the starvation 25 (13.0%). and the orphaning of young animals 37 (19.0%).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.744-753
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• 2017

The sediment delivery ratio (SDR) is widely used to estimate sediment loads by multiplying soil loss through the Revised Universal Equation (RUSLE). In this study, the SDR equation was developed for the Lake Imha watershed using soil loss calculated by RUSLE and sediment loads by the calibrated Hydrological Simulation. Program Fortran (HSPF). The ratio of watershed relief and channel length ($R_f/L_{ch}$), the ratio of watershed relief and watershed length ($R_f/L_b$), curve number (CN), area (A), and channel slope ($SLP_{ch}$) demonstrated strong correlations with SDR. SDR equations were developed by a combination of subwatershed parameters by referring to the correlation analysis. The area based power functional SDR developed in this study showed significant errors at the point right after entering major tributaries, because SDR was unrealistically reduced when the watershed area increased significantly. The $SLP_{ch}$-based power functional SDR also showed extraordinary values when the channel slope was gradual. The SDR equation that showed the highest value of the coefficient of determination also presented unrealistic changes in the sediment loads within a relatively short river distance. The SDR equation $SDR=0.0003A^{0.198}R_f/L{_w}^{1.167}$ was recommended for application to the Lake Imha watershed. Using this equation, sediment loads at the outlet of the Lake Imha watershed were calculated, and the HSPF parameters related to sediment in the uncalibrated subwatersheds were determined by referring to the sediment loads calculated with the SDR equation.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제15권6_1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2015

산업스파이에 의한 핵심기술 유출이 점차 지능화, 첨단화, 복잡화 되어가고 있으며 이로 인한 피해 또한 심각해지고 있다. 이러한 상황에 대응하는 방안으로 융합보안이 대두되었고 모든 산업분야에 점차 확대되고 있다. 특히 국가적 핵심기술과 인력 및 시설을 포함하고 있는 방위산업은 융합보안이 더 요구되는 산업분야이다. 방위산업은 국가의 안전보장에 필요한 방위산업물자를 연구, 개발, 생산하는 산업이다. 방위산업은 군사기밀, 산업비밀, 핵심기술인력, 방위산업물자, 국가중요시설, 정보통신체계 등 다양한 보안요소를 포함하고 있다. 방위산업보안은 군사보안과 산업보안의 복합체이며 방위산업의 모든 보안요소를 통합하는 융합보안이다. 따라서 방위산업보안은 융합보안의 대표적인 실천모델이라고 할 수 있다. 방위산업보안에 대한 연구는 일반적인 다른 산업분야에서의 보안과 관련된 연구에 비해 미흡한 실정이다. 방위산업의 핵심기술 유출을 방지하고 기술인력 및 시설을 보호하기 위해서, 방위산업보안을 융합보안의 개념에서 연구하고 실천하는 노력이 절실한 시점이다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2016

In this study, a pre-swirl duct for the 180,000 DWT bulk carrier has been designed from a propulsion standpoint using CFD. The stern duct - designed by NMRI - was selected as the initial duct. The objective function is to minimize the value of delivered power in model scale. Design variables of the duct include duct angle, diameter, chord length, and vertical and horizontal displacements from the center. Design variables of the stators are blade number, arrangement angle, chord length, and pitch angle. A parametric design was carried out with the objective function obtained using CFD. Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations have been solved; and the Reynolds stress model applied for the turbulent closure. A double body model is used for the treatment of free-surface. MRF and sliding mesh models have been applied to simulate the actuating propeller. A self-propulsion point has been obtained from the results of towing and self-propelled computations, i.e., form factor obtained from towing computation and towing forces obtained from self-propelled computations of two propeller rotating speeds. The reduction rate of the delivered power of the improved stern duct is 2.9%, whereas that of the initial stern duct is 1.3%. The pre-swirl duct with one inner stator in upper starboard and three outer stators in portside has been designed. The delivered power due to the designed pre-swirl duct is reduced by 5.8%.