• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.33
• /
• pp.223-246
• /
• 2013

Even though cartoons and narration comics were born from different origin, they have been called by names such as 'cartoons' or 'comics'. The reason can be found in the similarity of cartoons and narration comics. The similarity of cartoons and narration comics is the genre consisting of writing and drawing. Writing can be the format of expression and it can represent the story. Such story is present as a component of 'narration'. Sub genre of comics includes cartoons and narration comics. It includes animation in a broad range. In cases of narration comics and animation, it is thought that narration is present with continuity of time. However, in case of cartoon, because one or two cuts without continuity of writing are frequently expressed, it is being asked whether narration is present. It is easy to be reminded of epic or chanson de geste whenever you hear 'narration'. Since it deals with a biography of the character, we think the concept of 'narration' with temporality. However, narration provides a certain event in a broad range. Thus, cartoons presenting one event with the image may have the existence of narration, because description of multiple scenes of narrative comics can be implicitly represented in cartoons. As such implications leave a space, the empty space can be filled by active reasoning of recipients. However, nevertheless, it is very difficult to find studies as well as mentions of narration in cartoons. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the concept and structure of narration and demonstrate the presence of narration in cartoons. First of all, we looked at the narration theory in literature before studying narration in cartoons. The reason is that we thought the approach to the literary theory was required in order to investigate the basic elements, since cartoons are a collection of writing and drawing. We were focused on the prerequisites of narration presented in "story and discourse" of s. Chatman. If the prerequisites of narration are present, we can assume that the narration is present. The prerequisites are 'narration reasoning', 'screening', 'consistency', 'process statements' and 'stasis statement'. As s. Chatman described them as prerequisites of narration, he analyzed the narration structures of films and novels. In addition, we revealed that the narrations were present in cartoons as we identified how prerequisites of narration presented by Chatman were presented and expressed through "vocabulary of comics", "Timeframe" and "life in the line" described in "understanding comics" by Scott McCloud.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.399-413
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to find out the significance and functions of the voice-over narration in the storytelling of the web-drama OH Ku-sil. As a result, the first person narration has enhanced the intimacy with a viewer via subjective statements and produced the two time zone effect that the image and the voice-over stood on different tenses. On the other hand, the third person narration has expanded its functions beyond those of the cinema and TV drama. First, the third person narration in OH Ku-sil has performed the essential role presenting significant information for the viewer's understanding story. Second, the objective/authoritative statements of the third person narration have changed to the subjective/suggestive statements. Third, the third person narrator has expanded his/her role from a narrator to a virtual character by means of the comic statements. It seems to be the existing narration's effective response to the web-drama's medium characteristics seeking efficient storytelling under the tight time restriction. Delivering speedily the story information and amusement, this evolutionary voice-over narration is changing its status from the staying off subject to the condition of the new medium called web-drama.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2015

This study examined adaptational aspects by analyzing culture contents, which use Jeju myth "Chasabonpuri" as a writing material. "Chasabonpuri" has a heroic narration of Ganglim, who becomes the grim reaper by solving the serious problem through a journey to the world beyond. Also, it has a value as an archetypal narration because of its reflection on Korean world view of afterlife. Culture contents, which use "Chasabonpuri" as a writing material, have features of 'accurate reproduction of heroic narration' (Ganglim who becomes the grim reaper), 'tragic conversion of narration through humanization' (The way home), 'extension of narration through merging with traditional and modern elements'(Together with God), 'Unique view of the world that reflects the contemporary trend' (Ghost Messenger).

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.5
• /
• pp.460-465
• /
• 2001

글과 그림 사이에서 진동하는 상호보완적 절층주의로부터 벗어나, 텍스트와 이미지의 벽을 넘어서서 신개념의 그래픽 문법으로 형성되는 ‘제3의 지지체(支持體, referance)'이길 바란다. 더 나아가서는 새로운 장르 개념의 ’참조들${\cdot}$frame work'이 조성되길 바라며 작업을 지속한다. 그 방버론의 적용으로는 보여지거나 인식되는 사물과 사태를 ‘서사적 조망${\cdot}$Narration View'으로 회유하여 서사묘${\cdot}$Narration Drawing, 혹은 서사회${\cdot}$Narration적 담론과 리사이틀의 체계를 구축하고자 한다. 따라서 나의 작업은 개념도 실재(행동)도 아닌 양자의 삼투막(?透幕)과도 같은 것으로 최소한의 표현, 그리고 그에 상응하는 선택과 결정이 주어지게 된다. 마치도 ’평면조건‘위에서 글도 아닌 도상적 스키마의 조그마한 끄나풀 하나를 붙들고 연명하는 미물의 절실함이 그것이리라. 또 한편에서는 글이기도 그림이기도한 한 ’이코노텍트성 Iconotextuality'의 보편적 열람성과 보존성의 현전의 세속적 희열과 자유로움을 느낀다. 일품 회화의 오리지날리티로 벗어나 ‘원고개념’을 전제한 작품제작의 출발은 A4 배상용지 위에서 실현된다. 끊임없이 증식되는 생물학적 상상력의 구축은 매카닉한 기계류의 반복과 중첩 이미지, 확대와 축소의 개념적 확산, 용품과 도구 tool character에 의한 드로잉의 산출 및 페인팅의 점착성으로 이어진다. 실제의 프레임과 패널, 액틀을 쓰지 않는 연유는 좀더 벽에 밀착하여 붙이기를 원하기 때문이다.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.371-382
• /
• 2011

Reading and writing in the past make noble significance in 'narration', in other words, in 'the creation of narration', through the process of 'recording'; but in the modern times, it engenders controversies over narration and linearity. In other words, reading/writing in digital era, is devalued as the simple arrangement of test or the connection of vast information without narration nor linearity. However, the reading/writing through text and hypertext reading is not the phenomenon which should be criticized because of the lack of narration or linearity-not only the lack of narration and linearity -, a process of social and cultural transition; it should be revalued as a result. The change of reading and writing methods will inevitably accompany the layers, status, significance and value of the contents; thus it makes more sense, when the reading and writing methods in digital contents are approached as new pop culture phenomenon. This is the "The prose of everyday life", based on pop culture and "The society of Conversation", based on communication; proposed 'Digitelling' ; this is the reason why we should pay attention to the digital contents, created infinitely by the citizens of the world, as new mass-culture phenomenon.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 2002

The study investigated the effects of types of presentation and cognitive load on multimedia learning. In experiment 1, subject were 90 elementary school students. The subject were assigned in three conditions: Narration and Text (NT) condition, Animation and Narration(AN) condition, Animation and Text(AT) condition. The result showed that AN condition improved the learning performances in comparison with AT condition, NT condition. Experiment 2 was administrated to 87 undergraduate students. They were participated in three conditions, also. The conditions were Animation and Text (AT) condition, Animation and Narration (AN) condition, Animation, Narration and Text (ANT) condition. the results showed that AN condition was greater in AT, ANT condition. The results from a series of these experiments imply that varying the types of presentation of identical learning materials had influences on the performances. Multimedia presentation(animation and verbal conditions) improved the learning performances in comparison with monomedia presentation(verbal condition), and the advantage was raised when learners were provided the learning material in the multimodal and multimedia environment(AN condition). Also, it came out that redundant text identical to narration disrupted learning when learners were in the picture (either animation or illustration) and narration conditions. Likewise, also for adults, performances were improved in the multimodal conditions and redundant text identical to narration was not helpful for learning. These results are evidences for the dual-coding theory and the cognitive load theory.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.189-204
• /
• 2007

This research investigated the effect of story-plotting and oral narration activities using wordless picture books upon young children's linguistic creativity and expression. The subjects were 30 children of experimental group and another 30 in the control group at age five. The Korean Comprehensive Creativity Test for Young Children(K-CCTYC; Jeon, 2005) was used to measure linguistic creativity. In addition, Measure Tools for Linguistic Ability(Jang, 1981) was used to measure the linguistic expression. There were significant differences between the two groups in linguistic creativity including linguistic fluency, flexibility, and originality as well as linguistic expression.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.9
• /
• pp.220-231
• /
• 2010

The object of this study is to find ways of the modern succession of folklore by attempting the creation culture contents and looking into the aspects of using 'Jangjamot Legend'. Folk tale which has been handed down among people for many years is that story contents that are enjoyed by anonymous many people. The original narration and the cultural elements of 'Jangjamot Legend' which show the origin of a certain pond and rock can be used for creation of culture contents. The legend has been created the video contents or used the origin of the village ritual and festival in different areas. If the festival and the contest related to the legend is activated, more contents of the original narration will be created by the folklore or tourism. The preservation of the original narration will be easily accessed by the mass about 'Jangjamot Legend'. The cultural elements which are inherent in the legend shall cause the creation of consistent and effective contents. Through these contents creation, folklore will be passed on to the next generation with the obtain of universality in the modern times.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.516-526
• /
• 2019

As with all narrative forms based on media, the narrative method of TV human documentary is closely related to the change of broadcasting environment. In 2017, the world's first terrestrial UHD broadcast was launched in Korea, and in September of that year, KBS broadcasted the UHD special documentary series. , made of UHD capable of ultra-high definition video and immersive audio, showed a narrative approach completely different from the existing TV human documentary. Instead of all-out narration, which was considered an essential element in the TV human documentary, it used the modest first-person narration of the characters, while actively using drones capable of various compositions to express the psychology of the characters in detail and enable viewers' immersion. In addition, the Montage editing technique, an editing method that has not been attempted in TV human documentaries, utilizes the narrative development method of 'showing' as a video without 'explaining' with narration. After , many similar narrative documentaries are broadcast, and the flow and direction of TV human documentaries are changing under UHD broadcasting environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.112-124
• /
• 2018

This study examines the effect of oral narration learning for children's forest fairy tales on self-emotional regulation and community spirit cultivation. To achieve this aim, experiments were conducted involving 40 children in S city during 16 sessions over a period of 8 weeks. Findings showed that the experimental group with oral narration learning regarding forest fairy tales was higher than the control group, confirming the usefulness of oral narration learning for forest fairy tales. In particular, the experimental group was higher than the control group in basic lifestyle, community spirit, sociality development and self-awareness of community spirit factors. In other words, children can focus their attention on fairy tales by reading, listening and directly experiencing fairy tale materials in nature as communication with nature in forest experience activities, and can collaborate with peers based on their emotional connection with nature. Their ability to practice principles and order as well as to improve relationships with peers and increase self-emotional regulation is enhanced through experience with fairy tale stories. Such results imply that the utilization of forest fairy tales needs to be enhanced, as forest fairy tale-linked activities have a positive educational effect on community spirit cultivation as well as self-emotional regulation.