• Title/Summary/Keyword: Naringin

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Pharmacological Activities of Flavonoids(II) -Relationships of Anti-inflammatory and Antigranulomatous Actions- (Flavonoids의 약리작용(II) -항염작용과 창상치유 억제작용과의 상관성-)

  • Kim, Chang-Johng;Su, Soo-Kyung;Joo, Jae-Hyun;Cho, Seung-Kil
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.407-414
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    • 1990
  • The relationships of inhibitory activities of inflammation and wound healing of flavonoids were studied in vitro and in vivo. Generally flavonoids have not only significantly anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced paw edema and Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis, but also inhibitory activity of wound healing. The more inhibitory activities of wound healing flavonoids have, the more they have the anti-inflammatory activities; apigenin > guercetin > flovone > rutin > hesperidin > naringin. Their inhibitory mechanism seems to be inhibition of the inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation, and so they decreased the granulomatous activity and tensile strength.

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Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents

  • Lee, Heesu;Selvaraj, Baskar;Yoo, Ki Yeon;Ko, Seong-Hee
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.33-41
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    • 2020
  • Neuroinflammation is known as the main mechanism implicated in the advancement of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The main feature of neuroinflammation is associated with the activation of microglia. The activated microglia increase proinflammatory cytokine production and induce progressive neuronal cell death. Citrus flavonoids show neuroprotective effects that are associated with the anti-inflammatory action of flavonoids in neurodegenerative diseases. Among these citrus flavonoids, kaempferol, naringin, and nobiletin show inhibitory effects on nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways that can modulate inflammatory conditions in microglial cells. In the present review, we present the anti-inflammatory activities of citrus flavonoids and therapeutic potential of flavonoids as neuroprotective agents.

Thin Layer Chromatography: Bioactive Metabolites of Components of Traditional Chinese Medicines by Intestinal Bacteria

  • Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.152-167
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    • 2004
  • Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) have attracted great interest in recent researchers as alternative medicines for incurable diseases. This review focuses on qualitative and quantitative analytical approaches for bioactive metabolites of components flavonoids and saponins of traditional Chinese medicines by TLC system, although various methods have been introduced. Emphasis will be put on the processes of metabolite extraction from intestinal bacterial cultures or urines, separation (mobile phase) and detection. The identified metabolites by selection of extraction solvent and detection methods are also discussed. In addition, metabolite determinations of flavonoids (baicalin, apiin, rutin, quercetin, quercitrin, kaempferol, diosmin, hesperidin, poncirin, naringin, puerarin, daidzin, daidzein, tectoridin) and saponins (ginsenosides, kalopanaxsaponins, glycyrrhizin, chiisanoside, saikosaponins, soyasaponins) in culture fluid, in urine and in some herbal formula extracts are summarized. These bioactive metabolites of these components by intestinal microflora should be connected to pharmacological actions.

Studies on the Morphology and the Chemotaxonomy of Citrus Plants Native to Je Ju Island and on its Application (II) -On the Chemical Components of Citrus platymamma Hort. ex Tanaka- (제주도 재래감귤의 식물학적 특성과 이용에 관한 연구 (II) -병귤(甁橘)의 성분연구-)

  • Kim, Chang-Min;Huh, In-Ok;Han, Dae-Suk
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.85-87
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    • 1979
  • 제주도(濟州道) 재래감귤인 병귤(甁橘) Citrus platymamma $H_{ORT}$. ex $T_{ANAKA}$의 엽(葉), 과피(果皮), 수피(樹皮)의 클로로포롬 가용부(可容部)에서 무색침장정(無色針狀晶), $C_{10}H_{10}O_{4}$, mp $139{\sim}140^{\circ}c$을 단리(單利)하고 이화학적(理化學的) 성상(性狀)및 UV, IR, NMR, Mass spectra를 이용하여 그 화학구조(化學構造)를 구명(究明)한바 1,4-benzenedicar-boxylic acid dimethyl ester이었다. 또 과피(果皮)의 수용부(水溶部)에서 단리(單利)한 2개의 flavonoid 배당체(配糖體)는 그 이화학적(理化學的)인 성상(性狀) 및 IR-spectrum으로 보아 naringin hesperidin이었다.

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Induction of ${\beta}$-Glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-Rhammosidase of Bacteroides JY-6 by Flavonoid Glycosides (플라보노이드배당체에 의한 Bacteroides JY-6의 ${\beta}$-글루코시다제 및 ${\alpha}$-람노시다제의 유도)

  • Jang, Il-Sung;Park, Jong-Baek;Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.335-339
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    • 1996
  • Optimal medium for growth and glycosidases production of Bacteroides JY-6, an human intestinal bacterium, was general anaerobic medium or tryptic soy broth containing sod ium thioglycolate and ascorbic acid. By cocultivation of Staphylococcus R-48, Bacteroides JY-6 could be cultured in LB broth unable to culture JY-6. Heated Staphylococcus R-48 was also the inducer of the production of Bacteroides JY-6 glycosidases. These glycosidases were induced well by natural flavonoid glycosides, such as poncirin, naringin and rutin, but were not by synthetic substrates, p-nitrophenyl ${\beta$-D-glucopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl ${\alpha}$-L-rhanmopyranoside.

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Antimicrobial Effects of Naringenin alone and in Combination with Related Flavonoids (나린게닌의 항균력에 미치는 관련 후라보노이드의 병용효과)

  • Han, Seong-Sun;Lee, Chong-Kil;Kim, Young-Soe
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.407-411
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    • 1992
  • As part of our search for less toxic antimicrobial substances from natural resources, naringin was isolated from feels of Citri fructus and then hydrolyzed to naringenin. The antimicrobial activity of naringenin was examined by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) against fourteen species of bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of narngenin in combination with rutin or hesperetin was evaluated by checkerboard method. Among fourteen species tested, the antimicrobial activity of naringenin was the most prominant against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella boydii showing MIC of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ for both species. Combinations of naringenin with rutin or hesperetin showed synergism against several species of bacteria, but no antagonism was observed.

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Pharmacological Activities of Flavonoids(IV) - Inhibitory Actions of Leukocyte Migration, Superoxide Anion Production and Lipid Peroxidation - (Flavonoids의 약리작용 (IV) - 백혈구유주, superoxide anion 및 과산화지질 생성 억제작용 -)

  • 김창종;정현삼;정진모
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.165-173
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    • 1991
  • Effects of eight flavonoids and their related compounds on leukocytes migration, superoxide anion production and lipid peroxidation in the phagocytosis of latex beads or E. coli by guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells were studied in vitro. It shows that most of flavonoids generally inhibited the leukocytes migration and production of superoxide anion and malonedialdehydes. Their inhibitory activities in the phagocytosis of latex beads had more active than that of E. coli. Quercetin has the most inhibitory activity in leukocytes migration and production of superoxide anion and lipid peroxides at the concentration of 1, 2 and 10 $\mu{M}$. Catechin and rutin at the concentration of 2 and 10 $\mu{M}$ inhibited significantly the production of superoxide anion and lipid peroxides. Flavone, catechin, naringin and rutin at the concentration of 2 and 10 $\mu{M}$ inhibited significantly the leukocytes migration.

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Changes of Components of Citrus Sudachi Juice Heated at Various Temperatures (가열온도에 따른 영귤 과즙의 성분 변화)

  • Kim, Young-Dong;Lee, Young-Chul;Oh, Young-Ju;Kang, Young-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.238-244
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    • 2001
  • The study was performed to investigate the changes of components and volatiles in citrus sudachi juice heated at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and $90^{\circ}C$. Total acidity, $^{\circ}Brix$, pH, organic acids, free amino acids, vitamin C, naringin, hesperidine, neohesperidin and volatiles were analyzed in fresh and heated citrus sudachi juices. The major organic acids were citric, malic and oxalic acids and their total contents were 5.27-5.48%. Citric acid content exceeded 92%, malic and oxalic acids were 3.6 and 3.2% in total orgainc acids. The organic acids decreased as heating temperature increased, but the their decreasing contents were 0.3% of total oraganic acids. Sixteen kinds of free amino acids presented in citrus sudachi juice. Major free amino acids were alanine, threonine, proline, aspargine, aspartic acid, serine, tyrosine, and trytophane and minor free amino acids were arginine, valine, glycine, lisoluecine, leucine and histidine. Free amino acids contents decreased as heating temperature increased. Vitamin C contents also decreased from 21.3 mg% to 17.3 mg% as heating temperature increased. Naringin, hesperidine and neohesperidin also slightly decreased from 304 mg% to 297.0 mg% as heating temperature increased. In the fresh and heated juices, a total of 50 volatiles were separated, of which 31 were identified. Limonene dominated in volatiles, followed by ${\gamma}-terpinene,\;{\alpha}-phellandrene$, myrcene and ${\alpha}-pinene$. ${\alpha}-Thujene$ presented in the fresh jucie but did not present in the heated juice above $50^{\circ}C$. However, ${\alpha}-Terpinolene$, terpinene-1-ol, ${\beta}-terpineol$, $cis-{\beta}-terpineol$, ${\alpha}-muurolene$, bicyclo(3.2.0)hept-6-ene, and mentha-1.4.8-triene did not presented in the fresh jucie but newly formed in the juice heated at $90^{\circ}C$.

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Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities depending on cultivation methods and various parts of yuza (유자 재배방법에 따른 부위별 화학적 성분 및 항산화 활성)

  • Lee, Jong Eun;Kim, Kyung Mi;Kim, Jin Sook;Kim, Gi Chang;Choi, Song Yi;Kim, Sang Bum
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.802-812
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to investigate the quality properties depending on the cultivation methods (general, organic, pesticide-free) of yuza and its various parts (peel, pulp, seed). The contents of hesperidin were the highest in yuza feel grown by pesticide-free method (13.23 mg/g). The contents of naringin presented a higher content in the peel, especially which of the general (4.62 mg/g) showed the highest value. Vitamin C analysis showed the highest content in the peel, significantly varied according to the cultivation method and various parts (p<0.05). Vitamin C value was significantly highest in organic peel, which was 770.02 mg/100 g, whereas among the peel, the pulp and the seed were it the lowest in the seed. The content of total polyphenols were the highest in general peel (0.85 mg/g). Flavonoid content of pesticide-free seed was significantly higher than those of the other yuja samples which was 0.89 mg/g (p<0.05). The DPPH radical scavenging activity was relatively more active in the peel among the above-mentioned three parts, especially the pesticide-free peel was most active, which was 73.94%. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of organic peel was significantly active among the samples, which was 84.47% (p<0.05). Based on these results, it can be said that yuja has variety of useful components in the pulp and the seed as well as the peel: and thus it's hight recommended to develop more varied yuja products.

Simultaneous analysis of 12 kind maker components in Banhabaekchulchhonma-tang by RP-HPLC (RP-HPLC를 이용한 반하백출천마탕에서 12종 지표성분의 동시분석)

  • Lee, Kwang Jin;Yang, Hye Jin;Ma, Jin Yeul
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.7
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    • pp.4682-4691
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    • 2014
  • Banhabaekchulchhonma-tang is a traditional Korean herbal prescription with a range of pharmacological activities. In this study, the simultaneous analysis of 12 kinds of marker components, Homogentisic acid, Hesperidin, Naringin, Alisol A, Atractylenolide II, Atractylenolide III, Ginsenoside Rg1, Formononetin, Gastrodin, Berberine, Palmatine and 6-gingerol, in Banhabaekchulchhonma-tang was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The standard sample of commercial $C_{18}$ reversed phase-column using water (0.1% TFA) and acetonitrile as the mobile phase with a step gradient elution mode. The flow rate (1.0mL/min), injection volume ($10{\mu}L$) and column oven temperature ($40^{\circ}C$) at a 200, 220, 280 and 340nm wavelength was conducted. All calibration curves of the standard components showed good linearity ($r^2$ >0.999). In addition, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.012 to $0.878{\mu}g/mL$ and 0.009 to $0.290{\mu}g/mL$. The precision intra-day and inter-day were ranged from 0.07 to 1.21% and 0.20 to 0.90%, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 97.17 to 108.40%. Each sample amount showed a very small change. These results highlight the efficient quality evaluation of Banhabaekchulchhonma-tang.