• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to establish biomonitoring method for the assessment of the health of fish species in agricultural reservoirs polluted from various environmental contaminants. The ichthyofauna and fish community were investigated in the AsanHo and NamyangHo from September to November 2007. We measured abundance, size distribution, biomass, the number of fish with external and internal lesions, organosomatic index of the fishes collected in the AsanHo and NamyangHo. Dominant species were Lepomis macrochirus, Carassius auratus and the highest biomass were found in Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus in the AsanHo and NamyangHo, respectively. The composition of age in the population of Carassius auratus in the AsanHo and NamyangHo was stabled by size distribution analysis. The sex ratio of Carassius auratus were 1:0.36, 1:0.52 as female: male ratio in AsanHo and NamyangHo, respectively. The GSI of were 4.30, 1.69 of female and 1.45, 1.70 of male in AsanHo and NamyangHo, respectively. Most carp were 10-70 cm long in the AsanHo and 20-50 cm in the NamyangHo. The sex ratio of Cyprinus carpio were 1:0.42, 1:0.59 as female: male ratio in AsanHo and NamyangHo, respectively. The GSI of were 0.16, 3.46 of female and 0.93, 2.37 of male in AsanHo and NamyangHo, respectively. Of the 227 fish examined, 1.8% had some type of external lesion in AsanHo and 10% in NamyangHo. Overall, HAI scores ranged from 10-60 and HAI scores of AsanHo relatively lower than that of NamyangHo.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2012

The effects of section size and melt holding time on the mechanical properties and microstructure of high silicon ductile cast iron were investigated. The strength, elongation and hardness of the test specimen with smaller cross-section were higher than those with larger one. The nodule count and volume fraction of pearlite of the former were higher than those of the latter. The mechanical properties decreased with increased melt holding time before pouring. Nodularity and nodule count decreased and the volume fraction of pearlite rather slightly increased with it.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.298-303
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• 2007

To examine taxonomic relationships among 24 leaf mustard allies (Brassica juncea) derived from domestic collections and introduced species, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis on 16 morphological characters were carried out. Of 16 characters, total fresh weight, total dry weight, shoot fresh weight and leaf length were useful characters for the understanding of taxonomic relationships among them. Cluster analysis using scores of the principal components indicated that 24 leaf mustards could be grouped into domestic collections and introduced species at 1.0 of average distance in UPGMA. Moreover, in experiment of $F_{1}$ recombination test, heterosis appeared greatly in Sanchiohbachirimen takana A ${\times}$ Akaohba takana, Goheung namyang ${\times}$ Sanchiohbachirimen takana B, and Goheung namyang ${\times}$ Akaohba takana cross combinations. Sanchiohbachirimen takana A and Akaohba takana have a high parent combining ability for breeding cultivars using cytoplasmic male sterility.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.11-19
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• 2010

To meet with the nation's policy of Green Growth, local governments are rushing to propose an ecological urban development plan. And although various studies stress on the need of ecological planning to harmonize development with preservation, we have come to a point in which a quantitative evaluation of how much ecological planning contributes to the environmental load is needed. Through the increasing tendency of making plans based on the development of IT technology, capability of gathering environmental data and scientific instrument, studies on ecological planning's effect towards environmental load has recently begun. This study aims to perform a quantitative evaluation on how ecological planning mitigate urban heat island in the region of Namyang-ju Wallsanli. Three theories were used to mitigate urban heat island ; White network, Green network and Blue network. As a result, the atmosphere temperature was reduced the whole site $1.1^{\circ}C$ and partly $7^{\circ}C$ and the mean radiant temperature was reduced the whole site $1.1^{\circ}C$ and partly $8.7^{\circ}C$ on the modified ecological landscape plan in summer. The PMV index is 0~1 in ecologically modified landscape plan otherwise almost 3 in landscape plan. This study has its limits on the fact that results may differ from the actual plan as the study was performed based on the land use plan and building plan. However, what is important is that it shows a quantitative result of the effect that ecological planning has on surrounding environment and reducing environmental load.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.529-533
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• 2013

Heat-recovery ventilators are being adopted in most newly built apartment houses for energy reduction and indoor environment improvement. In winter, however, the dew condensation resulting from the difference between the indoor and outdoor temperatures may reduce the ventilator's performance and threaten the health of indoor residents. This study analyzes the occurrence of dew condensation according to the ventilator's operational conditions and the changes of temperature and products. The experimental results show that condensations is formed at $26^{\circ}C$ and 60%R.H, which is an unfavorable climatic condition, and when the damper is not closed tightly. Therefore it is important to ensure damper performance to prevent back flow.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to gain understanding of what career and related experience mean to individuals undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: Ten male patients receiving hemodialysis participated in the study. Data collection took place between November 18, 2008 and February 10, 2010, via unstructured interviews. Data collection and analysis were conducted simultaneously, and Colaizzi's phenomenological method (1978) was used for the analysis. Results: The significance the participants found in their "dual" life as worker and dialysis patients was classified into five categories: 'Recognition of self-existence value', 'My health comes before my work', 'Being afraid of stigma', 'Limitation of restricted work', and 'Difficulty with time management.' Conclusion: It was found that the dialysis patients showed ambivalent feelings towards their careers, hoping they will be able to continue to work yet fearing that the continued work might break balance the between their livelihood and healing. Therefore, it is recommended that hours for hemodialysis be more flexible to ensure that patients can keep their jobs and better manage their time while undergoing treatment.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.461-469
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• 2013

This research is performed to investigate the changes in the physicochemical properties and microbial growths of seasoned anchovies with various packaging materials (PET/CPP : polyethylene terephthalate/cast polypropylene, PET/EVOH : polyethylene terephthalate/ethylene-vinyl alcohol, PET/AL/LDPE: polyethylene terephthalate/aluminum/low density polyethylene), which are stored at various temperatures (25, 35, $45^{\circ}C$) for 60 days. Generally, it is being observed that changes in physicochemical properties (i.e., moisture content, color, brown intensity, TBA value, TMA, VBN etc) of seasoned anchovies are significant when stored at higher temperatures. Particularly, the packaging materials are found to influence substantially on the physicochemical properties of seasoned anchovies. With packaging materials of high oxygen transmission rates and moisture vapor transmission rates (i.e., PET/CPP), the changes in physicochemical properties of seasoned anchovies are significant, while being low with low oxygen transmission rates and low moisture vapor transmission rates (i.e., PET/EVOH). In addition, results of microbial growths in seasoned anchovies show that significant increases in total aerobic bacteria counts (about 100-fold after 60 day of storage) are observed in samples with packaging materials of high oxygen transmission rates and moisture vapor transmission rates (i.e, PET/CPP), while with only small increases for samples of low oxygen transmission rates and low moisture vapor transmission rates (i.e., PET/EVOH). Based on the changes in the physicochemical properties and results of microbial growths, it is being concluded that PET/EVOH film is suitable for the packaging of seasoned anchovies.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.827-832
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• 2013

An attempt is made to predict the shelf life of seasoned anchovies packaged with laminated film, composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH). First, a descriptive sensory analysis is carried out to determine the principal sensory quality index in seasoned anchovies. Then, the physicochemical quality index with high correlation to the principal sensory quality index is determined accordingly. Subsequently, with the physicochemical quality index, the shelf-life is estimated by using the Arrhenius equation. As for the sensory quality index, 'color' is determined as a principal sensory quality index. For all samples stored at 3 different temperatures (25, 35, $45^{\circ}C$), it is observed that the sensory score is shown to be over 2.5 until 60 days of storage period, which is the lowest acceptable level. In addition, the b-value, as a physicochemical quality index, is determined to have a high correlation to the sensory quality index. Further, the activation energy and the Q10 value for the b-value by the Arrhenius equation is found to be 11.24 kcal/mol, 1.385~2.011, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the shelf life of seasoned anchovies packaged with PET/EVOH film is estimated to be 279.44 days when stored at $20^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1195-1206
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• 2011

This study was conducted to apply LCA (Life cycle assessment) methodology to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production systems in Namyang-ju as a case study. Five lettuce growing farms with three different farming systems (two farms with organic farming system, one farm with a system without agricultural chemicals and two farms with conventional farming system) were selected at Namyangju city of Gyeonggi-province in Korea. The input data for LCA were collected by interviewing with the farmers. The system boundary was set at a cropping season without heating and cooling system for reducing uncertainties in data collection and calculation. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to find out the effect of type and amount of fertilizer and energy use on GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emission. The results of establishing GTG (Gate-to-Gate) inventory revealed that the quantity of fertilizer and energy input had the largest value in producing 1 kg lettuce, the amount of pesticide input the smallest. The amount of electricity input was the largest in all farms except farm 1 which purchased seedlings from outside. The quantity of direct field emission of $CO_2$, $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ from farm 1 to farm 5 were 6.79E-03 (farm 1), 8.10E-03 (farm 2), 1.82E-02 (farm 3), 7.51E-02 (farm 4) and 1.61E-02 (farm 5) kg $kg^{-1}$ lettuce, respectively. According to the result of LCI analysis focused on GHG, it was observed that $CO_2$ emission was 2.92E-01 (farm 1), 3.76E-01 (farm 2), 4.11E-01 (farm 3), 9.40E-01 (farm 4) and $5.37E-01kg\;CO_2\;kg^{-1}\;lettuce$ (farm 5), respectively. Carbon dioxide contribute to the most GHG emission. Carbon dioxide was mainly emitted in the process of energy production, which occupied 67~91% of $CO_2$ emission from every production process from 5 farms. Due to higher proportion of $CO_2$ emission from production of compound fertilizer in conventional crop system, conventional crop system had lower proportion of $CO_2$ emission from energy production than organic crop system did. With increasing inorganic fertilizer input, the process of lettuce cultivation covered higher proportion in $N_2O$ emission. Therefore, farms 1 and 2 covered 87% of total $N_2O$ emission; and farm 3 covered 64%. The carbon footprints from farm 1 to farm 5 were 3.40E-01 (farm 1), 4.31E-01 (farm 2), 5.32E-01 (farm 3), 1.08E+00 (farm 4) and 6.14E-01 (farm 5) kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ lettuce, respectively. Results of sensitivity analysis revealed the soybean meal was the most sensitive among 4 types of fertilizer. The value of compound fertilizer was the least sensitive among every fertilizer imput. Electricity showed the largest sensitivity on $CO_2$ emission. However, the value of $N_2O$ variation was almost zero.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.235-247
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• 2016

Conventional imaging techniques such as ultraviolet, infrared, and X-ray are used mainly to diagnose the damaged parts of the painted cultural assets in Korea. These techniques, however, have limits in diagnosing damages of interlayer parts. We have performed and extensive study on the applicability of Terahertz(THz) analysis technique, introduced recently to this field of study on cultural properties in Korea, to diagnose painted cultural assets. The specimens, produced to imitate the damage types of Korean painted properties, were analyzed over their painting, supporting, and backing layers by terahertz pulse imaging technique. The analyzed results provided information about the cracks, the separated areas, and the separated distances between layers on the specimens. Our research, then, was extended to real painted cultural remains, Birojana Sam-shin Gwebul-do at Bongseon Temple in Namyang-ju, Korea National Treasure Number 1792, through which we have obtained 3D information about the extent and pattern of damages to the asset. These results demonstrate that terahertz 3D imaging technique has the capability of noncontact 3D diagnosis on painted cultural properties.