• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2005

This study was comducted to examine the effects of culture medium, and the osmolarity and osmotic change of the culture medium on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and developement of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. In Experiment 1, cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in NCSU-23, mWM and mKRB, respectively, There was no difference in maturation rate($62.1\~71.3\%$) among groups. In Experiment 2, matured oocytes in each medium were activated and cultured for 6 days in the same media. Blastocyst formation rate was higher in NCSU-23($22.9\%$) than those of others($0\~0.6\%$, P<0.05). In Experiment 3, parthenogenetic embryos were cultured for 6 days in NCSU-23 with different osmolarity(300, 280 and 256 mOsmols) adjusted by NaCl. There were no differences in development rates to the blastocyst stage($11.0\~14.4\%$) among groups. In Experiment 4, activated oocytes were cultured for 2 days in NCSU-23 with 300, 280 and 256 mOsmols and then transferred to increased or decreased osmotic condition. Blastocyst formation rate was higher in a group which was transferred from the higher osmotic condition to the lowe. osmotic condition($21.0\%$) than a contrary group( $11.8\%$, (P<0.05). This result shows that the culture medium and the osmolarity of the culture medium affect the development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos, and the change of osmolarity from the higher condition to the lower condition at a certain developmental stage can enhance the development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2014

In this study, the $Mg(OH)_2$ slurry was made form ferro-nickel slag and then used for $CO_2$ sequestration. The experiments were in the order as leaching step, precipitation, carbonation experiments. According to the leaching results, the optimal leaching conditions were $H_2SO_4$ concentration of 1 M and the temperature of 333 K. In the $Mg(OH)_2$ manufacturing step, NaOH was added to increase the pH upto 8, the first precipitation was confirmed as $Fe_2O_3$. After removal the first precipitation, the pH was upto 11, the $Mg(OH)_2$ was generated by XRD analysis. The $Mg(OH)_2$ slurry was used for $CO_2$ sequestration. The pseudo-second-order carbonation model was used to apply for $CO_2$ sequestration. The $CO_2$ sequestration rate was increased by the $CO_2$ partial pressure and temperature. However, $CO_2$ sequestration rate was decreased when temperature upto 323 K. After $CO_2$ sequestrated by $Mg(OH)_2$, the $CO_2$ can be sequestrated stable as $MgCO_3$. This study also presented optimal sequestration condition was the pH upto 8.38, the maximum $MgCO_3$ can be generated. This study can be used as the basic material for $CO_2$ sequestration by ferro-nickel slag at pilot scale in the future.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2008

This survey was conducted to investigate housing types of Korean native cattle and beef cattle farms in Korea. The farm sized over 50 heads of cattle, 7,433 farms were surveyed. Regarding housing types for Korean native cattle and beef cattle, litter barn, freestall, mooring+litter ground and others accounted for 87.1, 9.8, 3.0, and 2.9 %, respectively. Most of Korean native cattle and beef cattle farms (94.7%) used litter floor rather than scraper. As for roof types, slate, panel, iron plate, galvanized plate, colored iron plate and sunlight represented 32.2, 13.7, 12.2, 10.2, 9.7, and 8.9 %, respectively. Open side wall type and winch curtain were 55.6, and 47.6 %, respectively. Bigger farms seemed to used more winch curtain than open style. Utilization period of automatic feeder, waterer, electric facility, and cooling facility was 6.7, 8.0, 8.5, and 6.0 years, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2018

To improve the soil of reclaimed land, we added organic materials at a level of 3,000 kg/10 a. As a result, the electrical conductivity (EC) value of reclaimed soil decreased by 58%, the organic material content increased from 6.7 to 16.0 g/kg, the porosity increased from 1.57 to 1.31%, the soil hardness decreased from 20.2 to 17.9 mm and the plow layer was deepened from 19.8 to 26.8 cm. After these physiochemical improvements to the reclaimed soil, the growth phase of crops was improved compared to that of non-treatment crops. The height of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivated in the reclaimed land containing organic materials was increased by 18.8%. Especially, the improvement effects of pellet type manure compost and rice straw on kenaf were more preferable than those of other organic materials. When the kenaf was cultivated in the reclaimed land containing organic materials, the yield increased. The average yield of the treatment crops was 9,218 kg/10 a, 2.1 times higher than that of non-treatment crops. The most effective treatments to increase the yields were pellet type manure compost (10,848 kg/10 a, 148% increase), rice straw (120% increase) and chopped kenaf (95% increase). To increase the physicochemical enhancements to the reclaimed land soil and most improve yields, the most effective type of organic materials was the pellet. The organic material types that maintained a better growth phase and most increased the yield were the liquid and pellet types. When we used pellet type organic material, the plant height of kenaf was increased by 41% in comparison with that of the non-treatment crops and yield was increased by more than 122%. Additionally liquid type organic material improved the yield (by 127%).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2010

Background: Many studies have demonstrated the various therapeutic options for treating hemoptysis caused by inflammatory lung disease. However, there is debate over the surgical management of the ongoing hemoptysis. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical results of pulmonary resection that was done due to hemoptysis in patients with concomitant inflammatory lung disease. Material and Method: We performed a retrospective analysis of 75 patients who received pulmonary resection for hemoptysis and concomitant inflammatory lung disease between 2001 and 2007. The mean age was $52.1{\pm}12.5$ years old, and the male; female ratio was 52：23. Result: The underlying disease was aspergilloma in 30 patients (40%), pulmonary tuberculosis in 20 patients, bronchiectasis in 18 patients and other causes in 7 patients. The surgical treatment included lobectomy in 55 patients, bilobectony in 2 patients, pneumonectomy in 17 patients and wedge resection in 1 patient. There were 3 early deaths, and the causes of death were pneumonia in 1 patient and BPF in 2 patients. The early mortality was statistically higher for such risk factors as a preoperative Hgb level <10 g/dL, COPD and an emergency operation. Conclusion: In conclusion, pulmonary resection for treating hemoptysis showed the acceptable range of mortality and it was an effective method for the management of hemoptysis in patients with inflammatory lung disease. However, relatively high rates of mortality and morbidity were noted for an emergency operation, and so meticulous care is needed in this situation.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.90-100
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• 2019

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the association between depression with atypical features and metabolic syndromes in Korean adults using the 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Methods : We used the 2016 KNHANES data to enroll 277 participants with a score of 10 or higher on Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Depression with atypical features was diagnosed when at least two of the following criteria were met : 1) sleeping more than 10 hours a day ; 2) weight gain of more than 3 kg in a year ; and 3) fatigue/anergia. Depression was divided into two groups based on the presence/absence of atypical features. Physical and mental health, and risk of metabolic syndrome were compared between the groups. Results : Among the 277 participants, 91 had depression with atypical features. We identified significant differences in age, sex, income, and education between the two groups. After adjusting for these variables, depression with atypical features had lower EuroQol-5D index scores (p<0.001) and higher prevalence of metabolic syndromes (p=0.035) compared to the depression without atypical features. Depression with atypical features had higher odds ratio (OR) in association with metabolic syndromes after adjusting for confounding variables (OR=1.923 ; 95% confidence interval : 1.069-3.460). Conclusions : Depression with atypical features increases the risk of metabolic syndromes and lowers the quality of life.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of bradykinin on secretion of catecholamines (CA) evoked by stimulation of cholinergic receptors and membrane depolarization from the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal glands, and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Bradykinin $(3{\times}10^{-8}M)$ alone produced a weak secretory response of the CA. however, the perfusion with bradykinin $(3{\times}10^{-8}M)$ into an adrenal vein of the rat adrenal gland for 90 min enhanced markedly the secretory responses of CA evoked by ACh $(5.32{\times}10^{-3}M)$, excess $K^+$ ($5.6{\times}10^{-2}M$, a membrane depolarizer), DMPP ($10^{-4}$ M, a selective neuronal nicotinic agonist) and McN-A-343 ($10^{-4}$ M, a selective M1-muscarinic agonist). Moreover, bradykinin ($3{\times}10^{-8}$ M) in to an adrenal vein for 90 min also augmented the CA release evoked by BAY-K-8644, an activator of the dihydropyridine L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels. However, in the presence of $(N-Methyl-D-Phe^7)$-bradykinin trifluoroacetate salt $(3{\times}10^{-8}M)$, an antagonist of $BK_2$-bradykinin receptor, bradykinin no longer enhanced the CA secretion evoked by Ach and high potassium whereas the pretreatment with Lys-$(des-Arg^9,\;Leu^9)$-bradykinin trifluoroacetate salt $(3{\times}10^{-8}M)$, an antagonist of $BK_1$-bradykinin receptor did fail to affect them. Furthermore, the perfusion with bradykinin $(3{\times}10^{-6}M)$ into an adrenal vein of the rabbit adrenal gland for 90 min enhanced markedly the secretory responses of CA evoked by excess $K^+$ $(5.6{\times}10^{-2}M)$. Collectively, these experimental results suggest that bradykinin enhances the CA secretion from the rat adrenal medulla evoked by cholinergic stimulation (both nicotininc and muscarinic receptors) and membrane depolarization through the activation of $B_2$-bradykinin receptors, not through $B_1$-bradykinin receptors. This facilitatory effect of bradykinin seems to be associated to the increased $Ca^{2+}$ influx through the activation of the dihydropyridine L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2008

In our previous publication we compared the gene expression profiles on hepatotoxicants exposure to assess the comparability between in vivo and in vitro test systems. We investigated global gene expression from both mouse liver and mouse hepatic cell line treated with thioacetamide (TAA) and identified several common genes. In this study, we selected genes to validate them as potential biomarkers for hepatotoxicity on the relevance of in vitro and in vivo system. Three up-regulated, aquaporin 8 (Aqp8), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1), succinate-CoA ligase, GDP-forming, alpha subunit (Suclg1) and two down-regulated, DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog subfamily C member 5 (Dnajc5) and tumor protein D52 (Tpd52) genes were tested for their effects in vitro. For characterization of gene function, short interfering RNA (siRNA) for each gene was synthesized and transfected in mouse hepatic cell line, BNL CL.2. Cell viability, mRNA expression level and morphological alterations were investigated. We confirmed siRNA transfection against selected five genes induced down-regulation of respective mRNA expression. siRNA transfection in general decreased cell viability in different degrees and induced morphological changes such as membrane thickening and alterations of intracellular structures. This suggests that these genes could be associated with TAA-induced toxicity. Furthermore, these genes may be used in the investigation of hepatotoxicity for better understanding of its mechanism.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5763-5768
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• 2014

Maintaining a voice color is important when compounding both the normal voice because an emotion is not expressed with various emotional voices in a single synthesizer. When a synthesizer is developed using the recording data of too many expressed emotions, a voice color cannot be maintained and each synthetic speech is can be heard like the voice of different speakers. In this paper, the speech data was recorded and the change in the voice color was analyzed to develop an emotional HMM-based speech synthesizer. To realize a speech synthesizer, a voice was recorded, and a database was built. On the other hand, a recording process is very important, particularly when realizing an emotional speech synthesizer. Monitoring is needed because it is quite difficult to define emotion and maintain a particular level. In the realized synthesizer, a normal voice and three emotional voice (Happiness, Sadness, Anger) were used, and each emotional voice consists of two levels, High/Low. To analyze the voice color of the normal voice and emotional voice, the average spectrum, which was the measured accumulated spectrum of vowels, was used and the F1(first formant) calculated by the average spectrum was compared. The voice similarity of Low-level emotional data was higher than High-level emotional data, and the proposed method can be monitored by the change in voice similarity.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2002

This study is to evaluate contamination of the 3-way stopcocks connected to infusion set, which is used to the patients admitted to emergency room in a general hospital in D city. The data were collected from Oct. 1, 2001 to Feb. 25, 2002. First of all, in order to select microorganisms, From the 50 patients were randomized, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, micrococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter detected. Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, micrococcus were determined to be evaluated in this study. As a result, 8 of the patients were Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus positive(>15 colonies), 4 were Staphylococcus aureus positive(>15 colonies). 1 was micrococcus positive(>15 colonies). Among the patients who were Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus positive 112(average) colonies were detected on the first day, 429 were on the second day, and 563 were on the third day. In case of patients of Staphylococcus aureus positive, 85(average) colonies were detected on the first day, 151 were on the second day, and the 203 were on the third day. CNS was cultured using API kit for the 8 patients who were in CNS positive. One case was detected Staphylococcus capitis, another one case was Staphylococcus chromogenes. Two cases were Staphylococcus xylosus, another two were Staphylococcus hominis, and the remainer were Staphylococcus epidermidis. As a result, the API codes of two Staphylococcus epidermidis had shown the same pattern, and the resistance patterns of the them were the same, too. As a result of resistance test among 5 patients who have shown that the same resistance pattern in 02SAK1, 02SAK5, 02SAK2, 02SAK4. As a result of this study, aseptic technique of 3-way stopcock intravenous therapy can protect infections, and it is needed the sterilization of the 3-way stopcock just before injection using disinfectants. It needs to improve the 3 way stopcock change intervals from 48 hours.