• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.313-318
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• 2010

Deinococcus radiodurans RecA protein, when bound to DNA, exhibits a DNA-dependent ATPase. In the absence of DNA, the rate of RecA protein-promoted ATP hydrolysis drops 1,000-fold under the physiological concentrations of salt. This DNA-independent activity can be stimulated to levels approximating those observed with DNA by adding high concentrations (approximately 1.6 M) of a wide variety of salts. This effect was characterized by varying salt concentration and comparing the effects of different ion types. The higher concentrations of salt stimulated the ATP hydrolysis by RecA protein in the absence of DNA. At 1.6 M chloride, the observed stimulation showed the following cation trend $K^+{\geq}Na^+$ > $NH_4^+$ and the following anion sequence was observed: $glutamate^- \; > \; C1^- \;> \; acetate^-\; > \;PO_4^-$ at 1.6 M $K^+$. The catalytic properties of the salt-stimulated ATP hydrolysis reaction was optimal between pH 7.0 and 8.0, which was similar to the double stran nded DNA-dependent ATPase activities of Deinococcus radiodurans RecA protein. In the absence of DNA the active species for ATP hydrolysis by RecA protein was shown to be an aggregate of three RecA protein molecules.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2012

The role of the kidney in combating metabolic acidosis has been a subject of considerable interest for many years. The present study was aimed to determine whether there is an altered regulation of renal acid base transporters in acute and chronic acid loading. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Metabolic acidosis was induced by administration of $NH_4Cl$ for 2 days (acute) and for 7days (chronic). The serum and urinary pH and bicarbonate were measured. The protein expression of renal acid base transporters [type 3 $Na^+/H^+$ exchanger (NHE3), type 1 $Na^+/{HCO_3}^-$ cotransporter (NBC1), Na-$K^+$ ATPase, $H^+$-ATPase, anion exchanger-1 (AE-1)] was measured by semiquantitative immunoblotting. Serum bicarbonate and pH were decreased in acute acid loading rats compared with controls. Accordingly, urinary pH decreased. The protein expression of NHE3, $H^+$-ATPase, AE-1 and NBC1 was not changed. In chronic acid loading rats, serum bicarbonate and pH were not changed, while urinary pH was decreased compared with controls. The protein expression of NHE3, $H^+$-ATPase was increased in the renal cortex of chronic acid loading rats. These results suggest that unaltered expression of acid transporters combined with acute acid loading may contribute to the development of acidosis. The subsequent increased expression of NHE3, $H^+$-ATPase in the kidney may play a role in promoting acid excretion in the later stage of acid loading, which counteract the development of metabolic acidosis.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2005

Doxorubicin induces oxidative stress leading to cardiotoxicity causing electrocardiogram abnormalities and increases in biomarkers associated with toxicity. Green tea extract (GTE) is reported to possess antioxidant activity mainly via its polyphenolic constituent, catechins. This study was intended to determine the effect of various doses of GTE (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day p.o. for 30 days) on doxorubicin-induced electrocardiographic and biochemical changes in rat heart. The latter included lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase in serum and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione, as well as membrane bound enzymes like $Na^+K^+ATPase,\;Ca^{2+}ATPase,\;Mg^{2+}ATPase$ and decreased lipid peroxidation in heart tissue Results demonstrated that rats which received GTE were less susceptible to such changes indicating protection afforded by GTE.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2008

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of onion or beet on plasma and liver lipids, erythrocyte Na efflux channels and platelet aggregation in simvastatin (SIM) treated hypercholesterolemic rats. Forty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed 0.5% cholesterol based diets containing 2 mg/kg BW simvastatin or simvastatin with 5% onion or beet powder. Plasma total cholesterol was significantly increased in SIM group compared with the control (p<0.01), and the elevated plasma total cholesterol of SIM group was significantly decreased in SIM-onion and SIM-beet groups (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol in SIM-beet group was significantly increased compared with other groups (p<0.05). Platelet aggregation in both the maximum and initial slope was significantly decreased in SIM group compared with SIM-onion group (p<0.05). Na-K ATPase was significantly decreased in SIM group compared with the control, SIM-onion and SIM-beet groups (p<0.05). Na passive leak was significantly increased in all groups treated with SIM compared with the control (p<0.05). The total Na efflux was decreased in SIM group and increased in SIM-onion group and the difference between these two groups was significant (p<0.05). There was no difference in intracellular Na among groups. In present study, simvastatin, a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor at dose of 2mg/kg BW/day rather increased plasma total cholesterol in rats, inferring that the action mechanism of simvastatin on cholesterol metabolism differ between rat and human. Onion and beet play favorable roles in cardiovascular system by restoring the reduced Na efflux through Na-K ATPase and Na-K cotransport in SIM treated rats.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

Objectives : Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a human pathogen. New antibacterial agents are needed to treat MRSA-related infections. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of EtOH 70% extracts ofTonghyeonipal-dan(THD) which prescription is composed of oriental medicine against MRSA.Methods : The antibacterial activity of THD was evaluated against MRSA strains by using the Disc diffusion method, broth microdilution method, Checkerboard dilution test, and Time-kill test; its mechanism of action was investigated by bacteriolysis, detergent or ATPase inhibitors were used.Results : The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of THD is 1,000~2,000 μg/mL against MRSA. In the checkerboard dilution test, fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of THD in combination with antibiotics indicated synergy or partial synergism againstS. aureus. Furthermore, a time-kill assay showed that the growth of the tasted bacteria was considerably inhibited after 24 h of treatment with the combination of THD with selected antibiotics. For measurement of cell membrane permeability, THD 500 μg/mL along with concentration of Triton X-100 (TX) and Tris-(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (TRIS) were used. In the other hand, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodimide (DCCD) and Sodium azide (NaN3) were used as an inhibitor of ATPase. TX, TRIS, DCCD and NaN3 cooperation againstS. aureusshowed synergistic action.Conclusions : Accordingly, antimicrobial activity of THD was affected by cell membrane and inhibitor of ATPase were assessed. These results suggest that THD has antibacterial activity, and that THD extract offers great potential as a natural antibiotic against MRSA.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1990

An attempt was made to test the possibility of a major role for the $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)system in the diuresis induced by uranyl nitrate(UN). Fisher 344 rats were intravenously injected with UN(5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg). Urinary excretion of $Na^{+}\;and\;K^{+}$ significantly increased in 24 h exposure on the UN and then decreased below the normal level 3 days after the treatment. $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase activity of kidney was significantly inhibited in high dosages of UN 15mg/kg and UN 30 mg/kg 3-5 days after injection. And then the recovery of the enzyme activity was observed within 5-10 days after injection, at which the regeneration of the tubular cells occurred.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.232-236
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• 2001

It has been known that garlic, one of the essential ingredient in korean food, has a hypotensive effect. and it is reported that they lower the level of triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose in blood. Especially, the sulfur containing amine acid and the derivatives of the garlic has the counteracting effect to heavy metals. Nowadays, the garlic is known for its efficiency for the various kinds of cancer, neoplasms, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and apoplexy. But, it is reported that the intake of the excessive amount of garlic causes hemolytic anemia recently. The hemolytic anemia is more severe especially in HK phenotype dogs which has a Na-K-ATPase activity. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the effect on the blood of the HK phenotype Jindo dogs when administered the excessive amount of garlic. HK phenotype group showed the significant decrease on RBC, WBC, PCV, Hb, MCV, MCHC, GSH, Met-Hb but LK phenotype group didn't show the significant decrease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2004

The present study examined the effects of Taekunyukmijiwhang-tang (TV) on blood pressure and renal function in nitric oxide (NO)-dependent hypertensive rats. A phamacological inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for 4-6 weeks produces renal vasoconstriction, renal dysfunction, and progressive severe hypertension. Treatment of rats with NG-Nitro-L-arginie methylester (L-NAME) (100 mg/L, 6 weeks), which is a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, cause a sustained increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), along with the decrease in expression of ecNOS in the kidney and thoracic aorta. The expression of Na, K-ATPase α1 subunit in the kidney was also reduced in the L-NAME induced hypertensive rats group. The renal functional parameters including urine osmolality (Uosm), creatinine clearance (Ccr), which is an index of glomerular filtration (GFR) were decreased in rat with L-NAME induced hypertension. while solute-free water reabsoption (TcH₂O) was unchanged in all experimental group. However, the group combined treated with TV and L-NAME did not develop hypertension and expression of ecNOS in the aorta was restored. The expression of Na/sup +/, K/sup +/-ATpase α1 subunit in the kidney was markedly restored in L-NAME-induced hypertension rats by administration of TV along with the restoration of urinary volume (UV) and sodium excretion (UNaV), whlie Na/sup +/, K/sup +/-ATPase /β1 subunit was not altered. These results suggest that TV attenuates an increase in SSP in the L-NAME induced hypertension and restores partially renal function, which seems to be caused by up-regulation of expression of Na/sup +/, K/sup +/-ATPase α1 subunit in the kidney and ecNOS in thoracic aorta.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 1993

Tilapia cultured in fresh water were acclimated in sea water with daily increase of $5%_{\circ}$ of salinity and it was completely terminated at the 7th day (0 week). Each three tilapia acclimated were examined weekly based from 0 week to elucidate changes of chloride cells in gill, mineral contents and physical properties in muscle and biochemical characteristics in myofibrils. Chloride cells existed in gills were gradually developed in number and size by acclimation to sea water and became to almost constant state at the third week. Shearing value, compressing strength and content of minerals such as Mg, Na and K in muscle were showed remarkable increase by acclimation to sea water in comparison to those of muscle from tilapia reared in fresh water. Myofibrillar $Mg^{2+}-,\;Ca^{2+}-$ and $K^+(EDTA)-ATPase$ activities of tilapia acclimated in sea water also increased showing significant statistic difference (p<0.01) from those of tilapia reared in fresh water However. thermostability of myofibrils was dropped by acclimation to sea water. The increase of shearing value and compressing strength in the muscle of tilapia by acclimation to sea water would be attributed to the increase of myofibrillar ATPase activities which act to accelerate the decomposition rate of ATP. Therefore, it is suggested that this phenomenon associated with muscle contraction could be brought an improvement of texture of tilapia acclimated in sea water.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2019

Phytate induced excessive mineral excretion through poultry litter leads to poor performance and environmental pollution. Exogenous microbial phytase supplementation to poultry diets reduce the environmental excretion of nutrient and improve bird's performance. However, excessive dietary sodium (Na) level may hinder the phytase-mediated phytate hydrolysis and negate the beneficial effects of phytase. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentration dietary Na on phytase activity and subsequent impact on broiler performance, bone mineralisation and nutrient utilisation. In this study, six experimental diets, consisting of three different levels of Na (1.5, 2.5, or 3.5 g/kg) and two levels of microbial phytase (0 or 500 U/kg) were formulated by using $3{\times}2$ factorial design. The six experimental diets were offered to 360 day-old Ross 306 male chicks for 35 days, where, each experimental diet consisted of 6 replicates groups with 10 birds. Along with growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal enzyme activity, dry matter (DM) content of litter and mineral status in bone were analysed. Dietary Na and phytase had no effect on bode weight gain and feed intake. Birds on the low Na diet showed higher (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the mid-Na diets. High dietary Na adversely affected (p < 0.001) excreta DM content. Phytase supplementation to the high-Na diet increased (p < 0.01) the litter ammonia content. High dietary Na with phytase supplementation improved ($Na{\times}phytase$, p < 0.05) the AME value and ileal digestibility of Ca and Mg. The total tract retention of Ca, P, and Mg was reduced with high Na diet, which was counteracted by phytase supplementation ($Na{\times}phytase$, p < 0.001). The diets containing mid-level of Na improved (p < 0.001) the function of Na-K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase in the jejunum. The overall results indicate that high dietary Na did not affect phytase activity but influenced the nutrient utilization of birds, which was not reflected in bird overall performance.