• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2012

Inbreeding is the mating of relatives that produce progeny having more homozygous alleles than non-inbred animals. Inbreeding increases numbers of recessive alleles, which is often associated with decreased performance known as inbreeding depression. The magnitude of inbreeding depression depends on the level of inbreeding in the animal. Level of inbreeding is expressed by the inbreeding coefficient. One breeding goal in livestock is uniform productivity while maintaining acceptable inbreeding levels, especially keeping inbreeding less than 20%. However, in closed herds without the introduction of new genetic sources high levels of inbreeding over time are unavoidable. One method that increases selection response and minimizes inbreeding is selection of individuals by weighting estimated breeding values with average relationships among individuals. Optimum genetic contribution theory (OGC) uses relationships among individuals as weighting factors. The algorithm is as follows: i) Identify the individual having the best EBV; ii) Calculate average relationships ($\bar{r_j}$) between selected and candidates; iii) Select the individual having the best EBV adjusted for average relationships using the weighting factor k, $EBV^*=EBV_j(1-k\bar{{r}_j})$ Repeat process until the number of individuals selected equals number required. The objective of this study was to compare simulated results based on OGC selection under different conditions over 30 generations. Individuals (n = 110) were generated for the base population with pseudo random numbers of N~ (0, 3), ten were assumed male, and the remainder female. Each male was mated to ten females, and every female was assumed to have 5 progeny resulting in 500 individuals in the following generation. Results showed the OGC algorithm effectively controlled inbreeding and maintained consistent increases in selection response. Difference in breeding values between selection with OGC algorithm and by EBV only was 8%, however, rate of inbreeding was controlled by 47% after 20 generation. These results indicate that the OGC algorithm can be used effectively in long-term selection programs.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2015

The seven selected primers BION-13, BION-29, BION-61, BION-64, BION-68, BION-72 and BION-80 generated the total number of loci, average number of loci per lane and specific loci in Meretrix lusoria (ML), Saxidomus purpuratus (SP) and Cyclina sinensis (CS) species. Here, the complexity of the banding patterns varied dramatically between the primers from the three venerid clam species. The higher fragment sizes (> 1,000 bp) are much more observed in the SP species. The primer BION-68 generated 21 unique loci to each species, which were ascertaining each species, approximately 150 bp, 300 bp and 450 bp, in the ML species. Remarkably, the primer BION-80 detected 7 shared loci by the three clam species, major and/or minor fragments of sizes 500 bp, which were matching in all samples. As regards average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from CS clam species (0.754) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from SP clam species (0.607) (P < 0.05). In this study, the dendrogram obtained by the seven oligonucleotides primers indicates three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (LUSORIA01-LUSORIA07), cluster 2 (PURPURATUS08-PURPURATUS14), cluster 3 (SINENSIS15-SINENSIS21). Among the twenty one venerid clams, the shortest genetic distance that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals 18 and 20 from the CS species (genetic distance = 0.071), while the longest genetic distance among the twenty-one individuals that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals LUSORIA no. 02 and PURPURATUS no. 09 (genetic distance = 0.778). Relatively, individuals of SP venerid species were appropriately closely related to that of CS species, as shown in the hierarchical dendrogram of genetic distances. Eventually, PCR fragments exposed in the present study may be worthwhile as a DNA marker the three venerid clam species to discriminate.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

To provide basic information for wildlife management, we investigated the distribution and ecology of wild mice in Mt. Keumwon recreational forests. The trapped wild mice were a total of 4 species such as Eothenomys regulus, Apodemus speciosus peninsulae, Apodemus agarius, and Crocidura suaveolens. A total of 79 individuals from four species were trapped. Number of Eothenomys regulus was the highest as 41 individuals followed by Apodemus speciosus peninsulae of 31 individuals, Apodemus agarius of 4 individuals, and Crocidura suaveolens of 4 individuals. Depending on forest type, 51 individuals were captured in broad-leaved forests, whereas 28 individuals were captured in coniferous forests. Average weight of the trapped Eothenomys regulus, Apodemus speciosus peninsulae, Apodemus agarius, and Crocidura suaveolens was 37.13 g, 36.29 g, 31.25 g, and 15 g, respectively. Among the trapped wild mice, vole which has the largest head and ears were Eothenomys regulus and vole which has the longest tail was Apodemus speciosus peninsulae and Apodemus agarius (p<0.5). This study might be valuable to control and predict some damages related to wild mice in Mt. Keumwon for protecting forest trees.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제83권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are frequently detected in patients with advanced-stage malignant tumors and could act as a predictor of poor prognosis. However, there is a paucity of data on the relationship between CTC number and primary tumor volume in patients with lung cancer. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between CTC number and primary tumor volume in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We collected blood samples from 21 patients with treatment-naive lung adenocarcinoma and 73 healthy individuals. To count CTCs, we used a CTC enrichment method based on fluid-assisted separation technology. We compared CTC numbers between lung adenocarcinoma patients and healthy individuals using propensity score matching, and performed linear regression analysis to analyze the relationship between CTC number and primary tumor volume in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Results: CTC positivity was significantly more common in lung adenocarcinoma patients than in healthy individuals (p<0.001). The median primary tumor volume in CTC-negative and CTC-positive patients was 10.0 ㎤ and 64.8 ㎤, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of CTCs correlated with primary tumor volume in lung adenocarcinoma patients (β=0.903, p=0.002). Further subgroup analysis showed a correlation between CTC number and primary tumor volume in patients with distant (p=0.024) and extra-thoracic (p=0.033) metastasis (not in patients with distant metastasis). Conclusion: Our study showed that CTC numbers may be associated with primary tumor volume in lung adenocarcinomas patients, especially in those with distant metastasis.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2016

본 연구는 진해 잠도주변 조하대 암반서식지에서 통발에 의해 채집된 어류 군집의 종조성과 계절을 조사하였다. 어류 시료는 2007년 9월에서 2008년 7월까지 통발로 매월 채집하였다. 조사기간 동안 24과에 속하는 48종의 어류가 채집되었다. 우점종은 흰꼬리볼락(Sebastes longispinis), 가시망둑(Pseudoblennius cottoides), 볼락(Sebastes inermis), 그물코쥐치(Rudarius ercodes), 망상어(Ditrema temminckii), 세줄베도라치(Ernogrammus hexagrammus)였으며, 이들 6종은 총 채집 개체수의 71.0%를 차지하였다. 어류 군집의 현존량과 다양도는 계절변동을 나타냈는데, 출현종수, 개체수, 다양도는 가을철에 가장 높았고, 생체량은 봄에 높았다. 우점종의 현존량은 계절별로 차이를 보였는데, 흰꼬리볼락은 봄과 여름에 현존량이 높았고, 가시망둑은 가을과 봄에 높았다. 볼락은 9월, 12월, 5월에 높은 현존량을 보였고, 그물코쥐치는 대부분 개체가 가을에만 출현하였다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.19-19
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• 2014

This study included the analysis of mushroom data collected from Mt. Chiak in Gangwon-do using various methods. Former studies of Korean mushrooms are limited by regional characters and there is less species diversity among the regions. This study tried to find a way for the forecast of mushroom distribution and appearance by indexes of species diversity. The indexes used in this study include the number of fungi (N), the number of species (S), similarity index (C), richness index (R1, R2), variety index (V1, V2), evenness index (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5), and dominance index (D1) to analyze variety of species diversity. Analyses of data of fungi using a multistage cluster sampling indicate that the average value of C for years was higher than the average value of C for areas. The mushrooms consisted of 208 species in 686 individuals in limited fungal collection from 2002 to 2003. One hundred thirty nine species in 393 individuals were collected in 2002, and 122 species 293 individuals were collected in 2003. The individuals collected in 2003 were smaller than 2002's individuals. Similarity, richness, and variety indexes' values of 2003 were reduced than 2002's values but dominance index of 2003 was increased than 2002's value. Generally the species diversity of the environment to evaluate the index of similarity, richness, and variety was a higher index; dominance index was lower than that of the surrounding environment, suggesting a good diversity. As a result, the occurrence of mushrooms in the surrounding environment and the various factors seem fell in 2002 compared to 2003. The majority genus of the limited fungal collection was Mycena genus in 63 individuals; the majority species was Laccaria laccata in 34 individuals. Ninety three species in 106 individuals were collected by the extended collection and the majority genus of the extended collection was Amanita genus in 17 individuals; the majority species was Amanita citrina (Schaeff.) Pers. which was found in 5 individuals. This demonstrates that periodical similarity's value was 0.159 is higher than special similarity's 0.119. This indicates that the probability of the appearance of same mushrooms in the same area in following year is higher than the probability of the appearance of same mushrooms in the surrounding area in same year. The value of coefficient of variation (CV), in which the amount of change is much or less by N is higher than the CV value by S. CV value of dominance index(D) was the highest r point among other indexes, and evenness index (E) was the lowest point among other indexes. The correlation matrix with 66 combinations between the indexes, the combinations with correlations was 46 combinations. These results revealed that indexes of R1, V2, and E1 were proper to represent species diversity of fungi based on the correlation matrix and the theory of statistical independence which means there is no or less mutual association. This research would contribute to the study about variable living creature by measuring method and in the future this would be used to figure out regulation about fungi with their correlation, values in ecosystem, develop improving new models about agricultural fungi species and numbers by investigating agricultural variable species.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2007

본 연구는 한국산 무당개구리의 먹이 습성을 알아보기 위하여 1990년 4월부터 1992년 9월까지 한반도 내륙지방 네 지역과 제주도 여덟 지역에서 채집된 487개체를 대상으로 이루어졌다. 내륙지방과 제주도 개체군사이의 개체 당 먹이 개체 수에는 차이가 없었으며, 보통 1-3개체의 먹이를 포식하지만 제주산에서는 94개체를 먹은 개체도 있었다. 내륙산 무당개구리의 먹이의 종류는 13목, 제주산은 10목이 조사되었고, 딱정벌레류와 벌류의 포식빈도와 포식된 먹이 개체수가 높게 나타났다. 두 개체군의 종류별 포식빈도는 비슷한 양상으로 나타났지만, 포식된 각 종류별 먹이 수는 다른 양상을 보였다. 내륙산 무당개구리가 보다 다양한 종류의 먹이를 포식하며 한정된 종류를 포식하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 한국산 무당개구리의 월별 먹이 습성은 내륙산 무당개구리는 5월부터 10월까지, 제주산에서는 4월에서 9월까지 먹이 활동을 하는 차이점을 보였다. 포식된 먹이류 중에 딱정벌레류와 벌류는 조사기간 동안 한국산 무당개구리의 두 개체군에서 고르게 분포하였다. 한국산 무당개구리가 먹이로 삼는 목의 수, 포식빈도, 한 개체당 포식된 개체수가 모두 여름철에 높게 나와 가장 활발한 먹이 활동 시기는 여름철이라고 판단된다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2021

In this study, we estimated the number of secondary COVID-19 infections caused by students with potential transmission potential home. When the existing Monte Carlo method was applied to Korean data, the average number of household members of the second COVID-19 infected was predicted. The summary of this study is as follows. First, in general, the number of secondary infections by students returning home from school is greatly influenced by the virus infection rate of each student group they contact while returning home from school. Korea-based empirical research on this is needed. Second, the number of secondary infections by Korean students was relatively lower than that of previous studies. This can be interpreted as being due to the domestic furniture structure. Third, unlike previous studies that assumed the distribution of secondary infected individuals as normal distribution, assuming a negative binomial distribution, the number of secondary infected individuals was sensitively changed according to the estimated parameters. Interpretation of this result shows that the number of secondary infections may vary depending on the time of decision making, the target region, and the target student group. Finally, according to the results of this analysis, a proposal was made to support education policy decisions.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.942-946
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• 2009

The trends of patents related to natural dyeing were examined in order to guide the development of natural dyeing into a high value-added technology. Total 181 patents data provided from KISTI were analyzed and following results were drawn. Korea had the overwhelming number of patents related to natural dyeing over Japan or United States of America from 1970 to 2007. In case of domestic, the number of patent applications were heavily focused on the metropolitan area in 1990's, but started to increase in the Honam region and Youngnam region in the first half of the year 2000 which indicated that the researches and the developments of natural dyeing were very active. In the case of foreign countries, most of their patent applications comes from the corporation such as a company while the number of patents applications from individuals overwhelms that of corporation in South Korea. Also, more of individuals' patent applications were denied than corporations' patents applications. The vegetable dye, a type of dyestuff which is a research subject for patent application, had the most research done above all other dyestuff.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제28권5_6호
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• pp.1073-1088
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• 2010

In this article we want to formulate a disease transmission model, MSEIR model, for a population with individuals travelling between patches i and i + 1 and we derive an explicit formula for the basic reproductive number, $R_0$, employing the spectral radius of the next generation operator. Also, in this article we show that a system of ordinary differential equations for this model has a unique disease-free equilibrium and it is locally asymptotically stable if $R_0$ < 1 and unstable if $R_0$ > 1.