• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 1993

We isolated Actinomycetes strain GMT 1155 and purified the active compound, MT 1155, on the morphological reversion of ts/NRK cell from the isolate. MT 1155 was identified as toyocamycin having antifungal and antitumor activities from physico-chemical properties and UV, IR, $^1H$-NMR, $^13C$-NMR and mass spectrum. MT 1155 showed the morphologically reversional activity on ts/NRK cell and the cytotoxicity on CTLL cell at the final concentrations of 1.7 JlM and 0.2 11M, respectively and its $IC_{50}$ value on protein kinase A enzyme was 2.3 $\mu$M. Also it had strong antifungal activity against several pathogenic fungi but not antibacterial activity. And it did not inhibit both protein kinase C activity and the bleb-formation of K562 cell induced by phorbol esters.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.170-176
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• 2020

Palmijihwang-tang is an herbal formula frequently used to treat many symptoms, such as lumbago, pollakiuria, cold hands and feet, nephritis, sterilitas virilis, and prostatic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Palmijihwang-tang on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat kidney proximal tubular NRK-52E cells. NRK-52E cells were treated with Palmijihwang-tang in absence or presence of 30 µM cisplatin for 12 or 24 h. Palmijihwang-tang at concentrations of 50-800 ㎍/ml did not change the cell viability in NRK-52E cells, and showed no significant toxicity. Palmijihwang-tang at concentrations of 400 and 800 ㎍/ml significantly increased the cell viability and reduced apoptotic cells in NRK-52E cells exposed to cisplatin. Also, Palmijihwang-tang markedly inhibited cisplatin-induced caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, ROS production and p53 activation in NRK-52E cells. Furthermore, Palmijihwang-tang did not interfere with the antitumor activity of cisplatin in AGS and A549 cancer cells. Particularly, Palmijihwang-tang enhanced antitumor activity of cisplatin in A549 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Palmijihwang-tang ameliorated cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through reduction of ROS production and p53 activation, and did not interrupt antitumor efficacy of cisplatin against cancer cells.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2010

Mercuric chloride, a model nephrotoxicant was used to elucidate time- and dose- dependent global gene expression changes associated with proximal tubular toxicity. Rat kidney cell lines NRK-52E cells were exposed for 2, 6 and 12 hours and with 3 different doses of mercuric chloride. Cell viability assay showed that mercuric chloride had toxic effects on NRK-52E cells causing 20% cell death (IC20) at $40{\mu}M$ concentration. We set this IC20 as high dose concentration and 1/5 and 1/25 concentration of LC20 were used as mid and low concentration, respectively. Analyses of microarray data revealed that 738 genes were differentially expressed (more than two-fold change and p<0.05) by low concentration of mercuric chloride at least one time point in NRK-52E cells. 317 and 2,499 genes were differentially expressed at mid and high concentration of mercuric chloride, respectively. These deregulated genes showed a primary involvement with protein trafficking (CAV2, CANX, CORO1B), detoxification (GSTs) and immunity and defense (HMOX1, NQO1). Several of these genes were previously reported to be up-regulated in proximal tubule cells treated with nephrotoxicants and might be aid in promoting the predictive biomarkers for nephrotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.503-509
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• 2022

Methylglyoxal is a highly reactive precursor which forms advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs and methylglyoxal are known to induce various diseases such as diabetes, vascular disorders, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), and neuronal disorders. Juglans regia L is an important food commonly used worldwide, having nutritious components, including phenolic compounds. Since ancient times, Juglans regia L have been differently applied by various countries for health and in diverse diseases, including arthritis, asthma, skin disorders, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of diabetes-induced renal damage against AGEs remains unclear. This study evaluates the anti-glycation and renal protective effects of ethanol extract of Juglans regia L against methylglyoxal-induced renal tubular epithelial cell death. Exposure to methylglyoxal resulted in reduced cell viability in NRK-52E cells, but co-treatment with Juglans regia L extracts significantly increased the cell viability. In addition, we examined the anti-glycation effect of Juglans regia L extracts. Compared to the positive control aminoguanidine and Alagebrium, treatment with Juglans regia L extracts significantly inhibited the formation of AGEs, collagen cross-linking, and breaking collagen cross-linking. Taken together, our results indicate that Juglans regia L is a potential therapeutic agent for regulating diabetic complications by exerting anti-glycation and renal protective activities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2763-2769
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• 2015

Background: Cancer is an unnatural type of tissue growth in which the cells exhibit unrestrained division, leading to a progressive increase in the number of dividing cells. It is now the second largest cause of death in the world. The present study concerned antioxidant, anticancer and anticholinesterase activities and protocatechuic, catechin, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid and o-coumaric concentrations in methanol extracts of flowers, fruits and seeds of Hypericum amblysepalum. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant properties including free radical scavenging activity and reducing power, and amounts of total phenolic compounds were evaluated using different tests. Protocatechuic, catechin, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid and o-coumaric concentrations in extracts were determined by HPLC. Cytotoxic effects were determined using the MTT test with human cervix cancer (HeLa) and rat kidney epithelium cell (NRK-52E) lines. Acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities were measured by by Ellman method. Results: Total phenolic content of H. amblysepalum seeds was found to be higher than in fruit and flower extracts. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the obtained extracts gave satisfactory results versus butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene as controls. Reducing power activity was linearly proportional to the studied concentration range: $10-500{\mu}g/mL\;LC_{50}$ values for H. amblysepalum seeds were 11.7 and 2.86 respectively for HeLa and NRK-52E cell lines. Butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitory activity was $76.9{\pm}0.41$ for seed extract and higher than with other extracts. Conclusions: The present results suggested that H. amblysepalum could be a potential candidate anti-cancer drug for the treatment of human cervical cancer, and good source of natural antioxidants.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2022

Column chromatographic fractionation of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the stem-bark of Anacardium occidentale led to the isolation of five compounds (1-5). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means by comparing spectral data to be β-sitosterol (1), 2,4-dihydroxy acetophenone (2), 1-monolinolein (3), ethyl oleate (4) and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5). These compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines: A549, SCOV3 and rat normal cell line NRK49f. Compounds 2-5 were for the first time isolated from A. occidentale.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.187-190
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• 2003

Seven essential oils were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against the cancerous cell lines A-549, HEp-2 and DLA and normal BRL-3A, NRK-49F and Vero cell lines using standard MTT, SRB and dye exclusion techniques. The A-549 cell line was found to be the most susceptible to all the essential oils. The essential oils of A. nilagirica, A. calamus and O. sanctum were found to be the more active against these cells with mean $CTC_{50}$ values of 17.75, 19.00 and $24.37\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The essential oil of Acorus calamus was found to be the most potent with low $CTC_{50}$ values against the cancerous and comparatively higher $CTC_{50}$ values against the normal cell lines. Artemisia pellens and Pelargonium graveolens oils also showed potent activity. These oils merit further investigation to identify the active principles and nature of the anti tumor activity in animal models.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2023

Aristolochic acid (AA), extracted from Aristolochiaceae plants, plays an essential role in traditional herbal medicines and is used for different diseases. However, AA has been found to be nephrotoxic and is known to cause aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). AA-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome in AAN with a high morbidity that manifests mitochondrial damage as a key part of its pathological progression. Melatonin primarily serves as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. However, its mitochondrial protective role in AA-induced AKI is barely reported. In this study, mice were administrated 2.5 mg/kg AA to induce AKI. Melatonin reduced the increase in Upro and Scr and attenuated the necrosis and atrophy of renal proximal tubules in mice exposed to AA. Melatonin suppressed ROS generation, MDA levels and iNOS expression and increased SOD activities in vivo and in vitro. Intriguingly, the in vivo study revealed that melatonin decreased mitochondrial fragmentation in renal proximal tubular cells and increased ATP levels in kidney tissues in response to AA. In vitro, melatonin restored the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in NRK-52E and HK-2 cells and led to an elevation in ATP levels. Confocal immunofluorescence data showed that puncta containing Mito-tracker and GFP-LC3A/B were reduced, thereby impeding the mitophagy of tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, melatonin decreased LC3A/B-II expression and increased p62 expression. The apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells induced by AA was decreased. Therefore, our findings revealed that melatonin could prevent AA-induced AKI by attenuating mitochondrial damage, which may provide a potential therapeutic method for renal AA toxicity.