• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1989

1987년 10월부터 1988년 8월까지의 한국남해안에서 시험조사선에 의한 현장조사와 NOAA 영상자료로써 남해안연안수의 소장에 관하여 분석 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. $\circled1$ 동계의 층별 수온분포는 0m층 6.07~18.62$^{\circ}C$, 30m층 6.02~18.54$^{\circ}C$, 50m층 7.19~18.69$^{\circ}C$로 상.하층간의 수직분포는 거의 균일한 현상이었고 0m층 남해안연안수와 대마난류간의 수평수온경도는 0.28$^{\circ}C$/mile로 년중 최대였다. $\circled2$ 하계의 층별 수온분포는 0m층 19.37~29.92$^{\circ}C$, 30m층 13.26~27.11$^{\circ}C$, 50m층 7.36~26.6$0^{\circ}C$로서 상.하층간의 수직분포는 성층구조로서 30~50m층의 수직수온경도는 0.44$^{\circ}C$/m로 년중 최대였다. $\circled3$ NOAA영상에서 남해안연안수의 분포는 현장자료와 비교적 일치되고 있으나 SST는 현장수온에 비하여 동계는 2~4$^{\circ}C$, 하계는 4~6$^{\circ}C$ 저온분포였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.696-700
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• 2004

In the Korean seas, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Thermal Fronts (TF) were analyzed temporally and spatially during 8 years from 1993 to 2000 using NOAA/AVHRR MCSST. As the result of harmonic analysis, distributions of the mean SST were $10~25^{\circ}C,$ and generally SST decreased as latitude increased. SST increased in the order as following; the South Sea $(20\~23^{\circ}C),$ the East Sea $(17\~19^{\circ}C)$, and the West $Sea(13\~16^{\circ}C).$ Annual amplitudes and phases were $4\~11^{\circ}C,\;210\~240^{\circ}$ and high values were shown as following; the West Sea $(A1,\;9\~11^{\circ}C),$ the Northern East Sea $(A5,\;8\~9^{\circ}C),$ the Southern East Sea $(A4,\;6\~8^{\circ}C),$ the South Sea $(A3,\;6\~7^{\circ}C),$ the East China Sea $(A2,\;4\~7^{\circ}C)$ and phases; $A3\;(238\~242^{\circ}),\;A4\;(235\~240^{\circ}),\;A5\;(225\~235^{\circ}),\;Al\;(220\~230^{\circ}),\;A2\;(210\~235^{\circ}),$ respectively, Both of them were related inversely except the area A2, therefore the rest areas were affected by seasonal variations. TF were detected by Soble Edge Detection Method using gradient of SST. Consequently, TF were divided into 4 fronts; the Subpolar Front (SPF) based on the Cold Water Mass (low SST and salinity Subartic Water), resulting from the North Korea Cold Current (NKCC) and the East Sea Proper Cold Water in the middle and low layer, and the Warm Water Mass (high SST and salinity Subtropical Water), resulting from the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) in area A4 and 5, the Kuroshio Front (KF) based on the Kuroshio Current (KC) and shelf waters in the East China Sea (ESC) in A2, and the South Sea Coastal Front (SSCF) based on the South Sea Coastal Water (SSCW) and TWC in A3. Also, the Tidal Front was weakly appeared in AI. TF located in steep slope of submarine topography. Annual amplitudes and phases were bounded in the same place, and these results should be considered to influence of seasonal variations.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.273-287
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• 2008

1994년부터 2003년까지 임의로 선택한 달들에 대하여 NOAA/AVHRR 인공위성 자료와 해양 현장수온 관측 자료사이에서 획득된 845개의 일치점 자료를 활용하여 북동아시아 해역에서 해양 피층-표층 해수면온도 차이의 특성을 분석하였다. 해양상층 수 m내에서의 해수면온도의 일간 변화를 이해하기 위하여 일치점 데이터베이스는 낮과 밤, 표층 뜰개-선박 관측에 따라서 모두 네 가지 부류로 분류하였다. 주간표층 뜰개에 의한 수온 자료는 인공위성 해수면온도와 $0.56^{\circ}C$의 가장 작은 제곱평균오차를 보여서 위성관측 수온과 가장 잘 일치하였다. 주간 선박관측에 의한 CTD 수온 자료는 $1.12^{\circ}C$의 큰 제곱평균오차를 보여서 네 부류 중에서 가장 좋지 않은 정확도를 보였다. 위성 해수면온도와 현장 관측 해수면온도의 차이는 그 외에도 대기의 수증기 함량 효과, 연안으로부터 거리의 영향 등 다양한 요인에 의해 발생하였다. 그 중에서 가장 주목할 만한 오차는 수 m 이내 수온의 수직적 구조의 일간 변화에서 발생하였으며, 이는 표층 부이는 20 cm 정도, 선박 관측기기는 수 m현장에서 서로 다른 깊이의 수온을 관측하기 때문에 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 그동안 광범위하게 사용되어온 위성 SST는 어떤 경우에는 ${\pm}3^{\circ}C$의 큰 오차를 만들 수 있으므로 국지적 해양에서 해양 피층-표층 해수면온도 차이와 수온의 수직적 구조에 대한 보다 깊은 이해가 뒷받침되어야 하며, 이를 바탕으로 위성 SST를 사용자의 목적에 맞추어 주의 깊게 사용되어야 함을 제시한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.945-953
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• 2005

Daily time series of longshore sea surface temperature (SST) data at 3 stations, sea surface SST data at 58 stations in the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsular from 2001 to 2005 were used in order to study the temporal and spatial variations of the upwelling coastal cold water occurred in summer season. When the cold water occurred, SST has been decreased more than $-5^{\circ}C$ in a day. The cold water occurred frequently in the eastern coastal areas of Korea such as Ulgi, Kampo, Jukbyun. Daily variations of cold water temperature were quantified using remote control buoy system at Kijang in the southeastern coastal water from July to August in 2004. Hourly variations of SST occurred around $\pm3^{\circ}C$ when cold water disappeared at Kijang. There were close relationship between the strength of East Korean Warm Current, North Korean Cold Water and the scale of spatio-temporal cold water variations in summer season.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1999년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.237-242
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• 1999

As one of the key parameters to determine $CO_2$ flux between air - sea interface, it is quite important to know p$CO_2$, which has involved much uncertainty, mainly due to the complex variations of sea surface p$CO_2$ and the paucity of samples, made in ocean. In order to improve the interrelationship between partial pressure (p$CO_2$) and different physical and biochemical parameters in global sea surface water, a new empirical relation is established to correlate and parameterize p$CO_2$ in the mixed layer using the data from recent WOCE cruises. Meanwhile, by new empirical relation, abundant historical hydrographic and nutrients ship data, Levitus data set and NOAA/AVHRR(SST), p$CO_2$ have been accumulated and applied. Then effort has to be made fur promotion of this study to correlate and parameterize p$CO_2$ in the mixed Layer with different physical and biochemical parameters. and further attribute this huge historical data sets and NOAA/AVHRR(SST) data to estimate p$CO_2$. In this paper we analyzed more interrelationship between the model and ship/satellite data set. Finally, the inter-annual variations of p$CO_2$ in sea are presented and discussed.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2004

2001~2003년 하계에 동해남부의 기장연안에서 수온, 식물플랑크톤, 영양염류 등 자료를 분석하여 냉수대의 특이해황과 식물플랑크톤의 종조성, 클로로필-a의 일일변동과의 관계를 분석하였다. 냉수대 발생시 연안수온은 단기간내에 큰 공간 변동을 나타내었다. 연안 용승 냉수의 발달과 동시에 냉수종 식물플랑크톤이 출현하였으나, 전체적으로 다양한 종수와 개체수의 증가를 보였다. 또한, 냉수대의 일일변동에 따라 분포종과 양이 변화를 보였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 1999

동한 난류의 북상 끝부분 해역에서 재발생하는 와동류는 봄철과 가을철에 위성이 관측한 해수면 온도 영상에 나타났다. 이러한 재발생 와동류는 1997년 9월 하순 NOAA 위성에 탑재된 AVHRR의 열적외선 영상과 일본 ADEOS 위성에 탑재된 OCTS의 클로로필 영상에도 나타났다. 와동류의 중심은 주변보다 온도가 낮으며, OCTS 위성자료에서 3mg/m$^3$ 이상의 클로로필 농도가 나타났다. 반면, 와동류를 이루는 주변의 더운물에서는 클로로필 농도가 1mg/m$^3$ 이하로 나타났다. 와동류는 가을철 표면수온영상에도 나타났으며 봄에 나타난 것보다 와동류 중심핵의 찬물 온도가 높게 나타났다. 또한 와동류 중심에서 서쪽축의 더운물 온도가 봄에 나타난 것보다 가을에 더 높게 나타났다. 1998년 3월 NOAA 위성과 SeaWIFS 위성자료에서도 재발생되는 와동류와 클로로필량의 농도가 높은 물이 와동류 주변으로 포획되는 장면이 포착되었다. 동한난류의 북쪽 확장 선두와 약 1500m 수심의 대륙붕 위로 남하하는 리만한류가 만나 충돌하는 해역에서 와동류가 형성되는 것으로 사료된다. 와동류가 형성되는 이 해역은 동해 중앙부 해수면에서 우세하게 나타나는 극전선역에서 중규모 구조의 와동류가 극전선 서쪽 해역의 역학적인 해양현상과 강한 연관성이 있음을 나타내었다. ARGOS 위성 추적 표류부이와 와동류의 상호연관성 및 와동류의 지속성에 관한 증거가 토론되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2001

Satellite data, with sea surface temperature(557) by NOAA and sea level(SL) by Topex/poseidon, are used to estimate characteristics on the variations and correlations of 557 and SL in the East Asian Seas from January 1993 through May 1998. We found that there are two climatic characteristics in the East Asian seas the oceanic climate, the eastern sea of Japan, and the continental climate, the eastern sea of China, respectively. In the oceanic climate, the variations of SL have the high values in the main current of Kuroshio and the variations of 557 have not the remarkable seasonal variations because of the continuos compensation of warm current by Kuroshio. In the continental climate, SL has high variations in the estuaries(the Yellow River, the Yangtze River) with the mixing the fresh water and the saline water in the coasts of continent and 557 has highly the seasonal variations due to the climatic effect of continents. In the steric variations of summer, the eastern sea of Japan, the East China Sea and the western sod of Korea is increased the sea level about 10~20cm. But the Bohai bay in China have relatively the high values about 20~30cm due to the continental climate. generally the trends of SST and SL increased during all periods. That is say, the slopes of 557 and SL Is presented 0.29$^{\circ}C$/year and 0.84cm/year, respectively. The annual and semi-annual amplitudes have a remarkable variations in the western sea of Korea and the eastern sea of Japan. In the case of the annual peaks, there appeared mainly In the western sea of Korea and the eastern sea of .Japan because of the remarkable variations of SL associated with Kuroshio. But in the case of the semi-annual peaks, there appeared in the eastern sea of Japan by the influence of current, and in the western sea of Korea by the influence of seasonal temperature, respectively. From our results, it should be believed that 557 and SL gradually Increase in the East Asian seas concerning to the global warming. So that, it should be requested In the international co-operation against In the change of the abnormal climate.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.949-956
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• 2008

The data of temperature, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton and NOAA/AVHRR satellite data were analyzed about 7 stations around Wando Island area on August 30, 2005. The sea water temperature range was from $15.19^{\circ}C$ to $24.97^{\circ}C$, and there was a cold water mass from the station 1 to 5 around the outside of Chungsando Island, the water temperature was lower at the bottom than surface. The salinity was $32.41{\sim}34.03$, DO was $7.40{\sim}9.14mg/L$, but the concentration of chlorophyll a was 1ug/L higher at the bottom than surface. Total phytoplankton appeared from the whole stations were 47 genus, 80 species and diatoms were dominant. A lot of dinoflagellates Ceratium forca and diatoms Thalassithrix spp. mostly appeared in the cold water mass were turned up from the station 1 to 5. 4 groups of phytoplankton clusters were shown in the surface, and 3 groups of phytoplankton clusters were shown at the bottom according to the water temperature. On the ground of the result analyzed with NOAA/AVHRR satellite data, the SST around Wando Island was $22{\sim}25^{\circ}C$, it was formed by thermohaline front latitudinally

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.201-218
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate climatological variations from the sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), and phytoplankton size class (PSC), using NOAA AVHRR, SeaWiFS, and MODIS data in the South Sea of Korea (SSK) and East China Sea (ECS). 26-year monthly SST and 13-year monthly Chl-a and PSC data, separated by whole and nine-different areas, were used to understand seasonal and inter-annual variations. SST and Chl-a clearly showed seasonal variations: higher SST and Chl-a were observed during the summer and spring, and lower values occurred during the winter and summer. The annual and monthly SST over 26 years increased by $0.2{\sim}1.0^{\circ}C$. The annual and monthly Chl-a concentration over 13 years decreased by $0.2{\sim}1.1mg/m^3$. To determine more detailed spatial and temporal variations, we used the combined data with monthly SST, Chl-a, and PSC. Between 1998 and 2010, the inter-annual trend of Chl-a decreased, with decreasing micro- and nano-size plankton, and increasing pico-size plankton. In regional analysis, the west region of the study area was spatially and temporally correlated with the area dominated by decreasing micro-size plankton; while the east region was less sensitive to coastal and land effects, and was dominated by increasing pico-size plankton. This phenomenon is better related to one or more forcing factors: the increased stratification of ocean driven by changes occurring in spatial variations of the SST caused limited contributions of nutrients and changed marine ecosystems in the study area.