• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2009

Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme hydrolyzing phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline. We investigated the involvement of PLD1 in the uptake of norepinephrine (NE) in PC12 cells, pheochromocytoma cells. NE uptake was specific in PC12 cells because nomifensine, a specific blocker of NE transporter, blocked NE uptake. Inhibition of PLD function in PC12 cells by the treatment of butanol suppressed the NE uptake. In contrast, overexpression of PLD1 in PC12 cells increased NE uptake efficiently. These results suggest that PLD activity is involved in NE uptake. We explored the action mechanism of PLD in NE uptake. PA phosphatase inhibitor, propranolol, blocks the formation of PKC activator diacylglycerol from PA. Propranolol treatment to PC12 cells blocked dramatically the uptake of NE. Specific PKC inhibitors, GF109203X and Ro31-8220, blocked NE uptake. Taken together, we suggest for the first time that PLD1 activity is involved in NE uptake via the activation of PKC.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.525-534
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• 1998

신장 근위세뇨관세포들은 사구체에서 여과된 물질의 재흡수, 분비 및 대사에 관여하는 여러 호르몬들의 수용체들을 가지고 있다. 이들중에서 norepinephrine(NE)과 angiotensin II(ANG II)는 $Na^{+}/H^+$ 상호운반계를 조절함으로써 혈압조절에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 이들의 상호관계에 대해선 연구보고가 많지 않다. 본 연구는 초대배양한 토끼신장 근위세뇨관세포를 이용한 $Na^+$ uptake 실험을 통하여 NE이 어떠한 수용체를 통하여 $Na^{+}/H^+$ 상호운반계를 조절하는지 그리고 이러한 작용에 있어서 NE과 ANG II의 상호관계를 알아보고자 실시하였다. NE(>$10^{-9}M$)은 $Na^+$ uptake를 유의성 있게 증가시켰다($10^{-9}M$ NE : $27{\pm}4%$ increase vs. Control;p < 0.05). $\alpha$ 길항제(phentolamine, $10^{-10}M$)는 NE($10^{-9}M$)에 의해 유도된 $Na^+$ uptake를 유의성 있게 차단하였으나 (phentolamine+NE : $29{\pm}5%$ inhibition vs. NE ; p〈 0.05), ${\alpha}_1$ (pra-zosin, $10^{-10}M$) 및 ${\alpha}_2$ 길항제(yohimbine, $10^{-10}M$)는 부분적으로 차단하였다. ${\beta}$ 길항제(propra-nolol, $10^{-10}M$)도 역시 NE에 의해 유도된 $Na^+$ uptake를 유의성 있게 차단하였으나(propranolol+NE : $24{\pm}6%$ inhibition vs. NE ; p< 0.05), ${\beta}_1$(atenolol, $10^{-10}M$) 및 ${\beta}_2$ 길항제(butoxamine, $10^{-10}M$)는 부분적으로 차단하였다. 이러한 결과들은 NE에 의해 유도된 $Na^+$ uptake 증가작용은 ${\alpha}$(${\alpha}_1$ 및 ${\alpha}_2$ )와 ${\beta}$(${\beta}_1$ 및 ${\beta}_2$) 수용체 모두를 통하여 일어난다는 것을 시사해주고 있다. ANG II($10^{-11}M$) 또는 NE(${\alpha}_1$, ${\alpha}_2$, ${\beta}_1$, ${\beta}_2$ 작동제) 단독처리군의 $Na^+$ uptake는 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 증가하였으나 (ANG II : $23{\pm}9%$ increase vs. Control; p < 0.05), 병합처리시 상승작용은 나타나지 않았다. ${\alpha}$ 또는 ${\beta}$ 길항제 처리시 NE 및 ANG II에 의해 유도되었던 $Na^+$ uptake 증가는 유의성 있게 차단되었다(phentolamine+NE+ANG II : $25{\pm}3%$ inhibition, propranolol+NE+ANG II : $24{\pm}6%$ inhibition vs. NE+ANG II, respectively ; p〈 0.05). 이 결과들은 $Na^+$ uptake에 있어서 ${\alpha}$(${\alpha}_1$ 및 ${\alpha}_2$)와 ${\beta}$(${\beta}_1$ 및 ${\beta}_2$) 수용체와 ANG II의 관련성을 시사해 준다. 결론적으로 토끼 신장 근위세뇨관세포에서 NE은 ${\alpha}_1$, ${\alpha}_2$, ${\beta}_1$ 및 ${\beta}_2$ 수용체를 통하여 $Na^+$+ uptake를 증가시켰으며 이들 수용체는 ANG II $Na^+$ uptake 증가작용에 관여하였다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1991

Streptozotocin(STZ)-유발 당뇨쥐에서 시상하부의 norepinephrine(NE) 대사를 기초 NE 함량, NE 교체율, in vivo tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) 활성을 그 지표로 하여 조사하였다. STZ (60 mg/kg, iv)로 당뇨를 유발한 후 4주까지 기초 NE 함량은 유의한 변화가 없었다. 그러나 당뇨유발 후 1주째에 측정한 NE 교체율은 대조치의 62%(p<0.01), in vivo TH 활성은 대조치의 34% (p<0.05)로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 본 실험에서 측정한 NE 대사의 세 지표 중에서 in vivo TH 활성이 STZ-유발 당뇨쥐의 시상하부 NE 대사의 변화를 가장 민감하게 반영하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.878-887
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• 2020

A neutral extract (NE), that is soluble in cold water and has excellent antioxidant activity, from Pinus radiata pine bark was prepared by sodium bicarbonate treatment, and its chemical characteristics were investigated. NE was prepared by treating P. radiata bark with 0.8% NaHCO₃ aqueous solution with a 5 : 1 liquor-to-bark ratio at boiling temperature for 1 h, resulting in 44% yield and final pH of 6.66. The yield of NE was 11% higher than that of the hot water extract (HWE) due to the increase in the solubility of polyphenols, the main component in the bark, by NaHCO₃ treatment. NE was characterized through FT-IR, NMR, and MALDI TOF MS analyses. The results indicated that NE is mostly composed of proanthocyanidins (PAs) consisting of procyanidin (PC) units. The acetylated neutral extract (Ac-NE) had weight average molecular weight (${\bar{M}}w$) of 5,300 Da. The Ac-NE had wide molecular weight distribution and its polydispersity (${\bar{M}}w/{\bar{M}}n$) was 6 times higher than that of pure PA. The antioxidant activity of NE was determined by 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and showed that NE had comparable antioxidant activity with pure PA.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1965

Effects of intraventricular norepinephrine (NE) on rabbit blood pressure and heart rate were investigated. 1) Blood pressure was little affected by small doses of NE (below $500{\mu}g$) but showed marked rise by 1 mg. 2) Heart rate was decreased by intraventriccular NE $(200{\sim}500{\mu}g)$. One mg of NE caused less pronounced bradycardia than with smaller doses. The bradycardia could not be observed in vagotomized or atropinized animals. 3) Intraventricular NE potentiated reflexive bradycardia produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine. 4) Cord-sectioned rabbit showed different responses; the smaller doses $(100{\sim}200{\mu}g)$ produced transitory bradycardia and depression of blood pressure, which followed by tachycardia and pressure rise. The transitory bradycardia and depressor effects were not observed in cord-sectioned and vagotomized rabbit. 5) Treatment of animals with reserpine, guanethidine and hexamethonium changed the effects of intraventricular NE on blood pressure, i.e., in these cases the smaller doses of NE caused maked elevation of blood pressure. 6) From these observations it was inferred that central NE caused stimulation of cardioinhibitory and vasomotor center. The former seemed to be more sensitive to NE than the latter. Susceptibility of the vasomotor center to NE seemed to be influenced by peripheral sympathetic tone.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.2424-2426
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• 2005

In whole world consciousness of environment maintenance have increased very quickly for he end of the 20th century. To use and disuse toxic substances have been controled at the field of industry. Also the field of lighting source belong to environmental control. And in the future the control will be strong. In radiational mechanism of fluorescence lamp mercury is the worst environmental problem. In radiational mechanism of fluorescence lamp mercury is the worst environmental problem root. In the mercury free lighting source system the Xe gas lamp is one type. And the Ne:Xe and Ne:Ar mixing gas lamp improvements firing voltage of Xe gas lamp. Purpose and subject of this study are understand, efficiency, ideal of Ne:Xe and Ne:Ar plasma which mercury free lamp. Before ICP was designed, basic parameters of plasma, which are electron temperature and electron density, were measured and calculated by langmuir probe data. Property of electron temperature and electron density were confirmed by changing ratio of Ne:Xe and Ne:Ar.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2008

Networked enterprise (NE) is an organization of independent companies that collaborate with each other temporary or permanently for accomplishing common goals. The USA and EU have been developing principal concepts, techniques, and solutions to enhance the competitiveness of traditional industries including small-and-medium enterprises (SMEs). In Korea, however, implementation as well as R&D of NE is very few, which we believe comes from lack of understanding on Its meaning and lack of effective information systems for it. This paper is to suggest an Enterprise Architecture (EA) framework or reference model of NE and an Information Technology Architecture (ITA) of NE. The EA framework will help stakeholder of NE (e,g., policy makers, members of NE, IT solution providers, and researchers) understand structural and behavioral characteristics of NE. The ITA will be used as a guideline of developing information systems for NE that is essential for spreading networked business models, The focus of this paper is not on logical-level design but on conceptual-level modeling of NE. As verification of the suggested framework and architecture is still required, so we'll apply them to various manifestations of NE, e.g., dynamic supply chain, vertical integration of extended enterprises, and P2P-style virtual enterprises.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

Two kinds of the ac-plasma display panel (PDP) with the comb type and the matrix type electrodes were fabricated. The discharge properties were studied as a function of as species (Ne and Ne+He+Xe) and its pressure. The firing voltages (Vf) of the PDP with comb type electrodes were 159 V and 195 V under pure Ne and ne+He+Xe(68:30:2) gas mixture respectively. In case of PDP cell with the matrix type electrodes the Vf was increased to 200 V for pure Ne and 240 V for Ne+He+Xe gas mixture under the same gas pressure(300 mbar).

• 약학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.148-156
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• 1978

An influence of bethanidine (B) onpressor effects of norepinephrine (NE) and tyramine (TR) was investigated in the whole rabbits. B, in a dose 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 mg/kg, i.v., potentiated significantly the pressor effects of NE and TR. Reserpine and desipramine did not increase the NE effect that had been potentiated by B.B also made little modification of NE effect that had been potentiated by reserpine and desipramine. B increased the NE effect that had been potentiated by tranycypromine and guanethidine. The NE pressor effect potentiated by B was decreased by tranylcypromine, but not influenced by guanethidine. The TR pressor effect potentiated by B was not altered by reserpine and guanethidine, but decreased by desipramine and tranylcypromine. B increased the TR pressor effect that had been potentiated by guanethidine. B, when given after administration of reserpine, tranylcypromine or desipramine, exerted little influence on the TR effect. The mechanism of potentiation of NE and TR pressor effects by B seems to be similar to guanethidine, and the potency of B on the influence of NE and TR effects seems to be greater than guanethidine.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2019

This paper shows that novel engineering (NE) is a creative learning process (CLP) based on Seymour Papert's constructionism. First, the paper introduces NE, CLP, and constructionism. Next, a sample NE lesson is explored. NE is an innovative way of integrating literacy into an engineering discipline that was developed by the Center for Engineering Education and Outreach (CEEO) at Tufts University. NE consists of seven steps: picking a book, identifying problems, designing solutions, building, feedback, upgrading solutions, and reconstructing stories. Lifelong Kindergarten by Mitchel Resnick of the MIT Media Lab describes CLP, and the four elements necessary for a lesson to be creative. NE can be viewed as one of the most creative, comprehensive learning models ever developed. NE integrates several paradigms in Korea, following all the constructs of both CLP and constructionism. The aim of this paper is to show that NE is based on both CLP and constructionism.