• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.120-130
• /
• 1996

본 실험은 NFT재배에서 배양액내 NO$_3$-N과 NH$_4$-N의 비율과 $CO_2$ 시용이 결구상추의 생육, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였는데, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 배양액의 pH와 EC를 보정하지 않았을 경우, NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0인 구에서의 pH는 점차적으로 증가하였고, NH$_4$-N의 비율이 높을수록 급격히 저하하여 pH4.0까지 낮아졌다. 2. 배양액을 보정하지 않은 상태에서 NO$_3$-N 및 NH$_4$-N의 일 변화를 측정하여 본 결과, NO$_3$-N의 흡수율은 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 75:25, 50:50 처리구에서 각각 27.7%, 26.1% 였으나 NH$_4$-N의 흡수율은 87.9%, 71.2%로 결구상추는 NH$_4$-N을 우선적으로 흡수하였다. 3. 엽내 무기성분 함량에서 T-N는 NO$_3$-N과 NH$_4$-N 비율에 따른 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, P$_2$O$_{5}$, $K_2$O, CaO, MgO는 생육이 가장 좋았던 $CO_2$ 1500ppm 시용과 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0에서 높게 나타났다. 4. $CO_2$ 시용에 의한 각 처리별 $CO_2$ 동화율도 수량과 같은 경향을 나타내어 $CO_2$ 1500ppm 시용과 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0 처리에서 가장 높았고, 배양액의 NH$_4$-N비율이 높아질수록 현저히 떨어졌다. 5. 결구상추의 생육은 $CO_2$ 1500ppm 시용과 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0 처리에서 가장 좋았고, $CO_2$ 무처리구에 비하여 $CO_2$ 1500ppm 처리구에서 대체로 양호하였으나, NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 75:25, 50:50인 처리에서는 $CO_2$ 시용에 의한 수량의 증가가 경미하여 처리간 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 6. 엽중 nitrate함량은 배양액의 NO$_3$-N함량과 비례하여 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N 이 100:0에서 가장 높았고, vitamin C 함량은 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0인 처리에서 가장 낮고, NH$_4$-N의 비율이 많을수록 높아졌다. $CO_2$ 시용에 의하여 엽중 질산염함량은 경감할 수는 있었으나 그 효과는 경미하였다.다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보처리학회 2002년도 추계학술발표논문집 (상)
• /
• pp.111-114
• /
• 2002

임베딩은 어떤 연결망이 다른 연결망 구조에 포함 혹은 어떻게 연관되어 있는지를 알아보기 위해 어떤 특정한 연결망을 다른 연결망에 사상하는 것으로, 특정한 연결망에서 사용하던 여러 가지 알고리즘을 다른 연결망에서 효율적으로 이용할 수 있도록 한다. 본 논문에서는 $2^{2n-k}\times2^k$ 토러스를 HFN(n,n)에 연장율 3, 밀집율 4 로 임베딩 가능함을 보이고, HFN(n,n)을 $2^{2n-k}\times2^k$ 토러스에 연장율 O(N)으로 임베딩됨을 보인다($N=2^n$).

• 약학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.246-252
• /
• 1989

2-Amino-1-N-methyl benzamide, 2-N-benzyl amino benzamide, 2-N-phenyl amino benzamide of 2-amino benzamide derivatives were reacted with ${\alpha}-bromo$ acetaldehyde diethyl acetal in basic condition. 2-N-alkylated products were prepared from 2-amino-1-N-methyl benzamide and 2-N-phenyl amino benzamide. 1-N-benzyl-1.4-benzodiazepin-5-one was prerpared from 2-N-benzyl aminobenzamide via intramolecular cyclization. However, 2-amino-1-N-methyl benzamide with sodium amide did not react to 1.4-benzodiazepin-5-one derivative but 3-methyl-quinazoline-2.4-dione was obtained.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제24권1_2호
• /
• pp.437-448
• /
• 2007

Suppose K is a nonempty closed convex nonexpansive retract of a real uniformly convex Banach space E with P as a nonexpansive retraction. Let $T_1,\;T_2\;and\;T_3\;:\;K{\rightarrow}E$ be nonexpansive mappings with nonempty common fixed points set. Let $\{\alpha_n\},\;\{\beta_n\},\;\{\gamma_n\},\;\{\alpha'_n\},\;\{\beta'_n\},\;\{\gamma'_n\},\;\{\alpha'_n\},\;\{\beta'_n\}\;and\;\{\gamma'_n\}$ be real sequences in [0, 1] such that ${\alpha}_n+{\beta}_n+{\gamma}_n={\alpha}'_n+{\beta'_n+\gamma}'_n={\alpha}'_n+{\beta}'_n+{\gamma}'_n=1$, starting from arbitrary $x_1{\in}K$, define the sequence $\{x_n\}$ by $$\{zn=P({\alpha}'_nT_1x_n+{\beta}'_nx_n+{\gamma}'_nw_n)\;yn=P({\alpha}'_nT_2z_n+{\beta}'_nx_n+{\gamma}'_nv_n)\;x_{n+1}=P({\alpha}_nT_3y_n+{\beta}_nx_n+{\gamma}_nu_n)$$ with the restrictions $\sum^\infty_{n=1}{\gamma}_n<\infty,\;\sum^\infty_{n=1}{\gamma}'_n<\infty,\; \sum^\infty_{n=1}{\gamma}'_n<\infty$. (i) If the dual $E^*$ of E has the Kadec-Klee property, then weak convergence of a $\{x_n\}$ to some $x^*{\in}F(T_1){\cap}{F}(T_2){\cap}(T_3)$ is proved; (ii) If $T_1,\;T_2\;and\;T_3$ satisfy condition(A'), then strong convergence of $\{x_n\}$ to some $x^*{\in}F(T_1){\cap}{F}(T_2){\cap}(T_3)$ is obtained.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.4-4
• /
• 2017

Atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment ($eCO_2$) often increases soil nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests that $eCO_2$ alters plant N preference in favor of ammonium ($NH_4{^+}-N$) over nitrate ($NO_3{^-}-N$). Yet, whether and how this attributes to the enhancement of $N_2O$ emissions has not been investigated. We examined the effects of $eCO_2$ on soil $N_2O$ emissions in the presence of two N forms ($NH_4{^+}-N$ or $NO_3{^-}-N$), using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as a model plant. Our results showed that N forms dominated $eCO_2$ effects on plant and microbial N utilization, and thus soil $N_2O$ emissions. Elevated $CO_2$ significantly increased the rate and the sum of $N_2O$ emissions by three to four folds when $NO_3{^-}-N$, but not $NH_4{^+}-N$, was supplied. Enhanced $N_2O$ emission was related to the reduced plant $NO_3{^-}-N$ uptake in wheat. We propose a new conceptual model in which $eCO_2$-inhibition of plant $NO_3{^-}-N$ uptake and/or $CO_2$-enhancement of soil labile C enhances the N and/or C availability for denitrifiers and increases the intensity and/or the duration of $N_2O$ emissions. Together, these findings suggest that to enhance plant N use efficiency and reduce $N_2O$ emission, crop breeding and management need to consider altered plant preference of N sources under future $CO_2$ scenarios.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2019

Let a, b, P, and Q be real numbers with $PQ{\neq}0$ and $(a,b){\neq}(0,0)$. The Horadam sequence $\{W_n\}$ is defined by $W_0=a$, $W_1=b$ and $W_n=PW_{n-1}+QW_{n-2}$ for $n{\geq}2$. Let the sequence $\{X_n\}$ be defined by $X_n=W_{n+1}+QW_{n-1}$. In this study, we obtain some new identities between the Horadam sequence $\{W_n\}$ and the sequence $\{X_n\}$. By the help of these identities, we show that Diophantine equations such as $$x^2-Pxy-y^2={\pm}(b^2-Pab-a^2)(P^2+4),\\x^2-Pxy+y^2=-(b^2-Pab+a^2)(P^2-4),\\x^2-(P^2+4)y^2={\pm}4(b^2-Pab-a^2),$$ and $$x^2-(P^2-4)y^2=4(b^2-Pab+a^2)$$ have infinitely many integer solutions x and y, where a, b, and P are integers. Lastly, we make an application of the sequences $\{W_n\}$ and $\{X_n\}$ to trigonometric functions and get some new angle addition formulas such as $${\sin}\;r{\theta}\;{\sin}(m+n+r){\theta}={\sin}(m+r){\theta}\;{\sin}(n+r){\theta}-{\sin}\;m{\theta}\;{\sin}\;n{\theta},\\{\cos}\;r{\theta}\;{\cos}(m+n+r){\theta}={\cos}(m+r){\theta}\;{\cos}(n+r){\theta}-{\sin}\;m{\theta}\;{\sin}\;n{\theta},$$ and $${\cos}\;r{\theta}\;{\sin}(m+n){\theta}={\cos}(n+r){\theta}\;{\sin}\;m{\theta}+{\cos}(m-r){\theta}\;{\sin}\;n{\theta}$$.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.272-278
• /
• 2009

$Ca^+-(CO)_n$,과 $Ca^+-(CO_2)_n$ (n=1,2) complex에 대한 구조와 결합 에너지를 MP2/6-311++G(2d,p) 방 법과 B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,p) 방법에 의해 계산하였고 vibrational frequencies도 계산하였다. $Ca^+-(CO)_n$의 경우 C-bonded complex와 O-bonded complex가 다 가능함을 보였고, $Ca^+-(CO)_2$에서는 선형과 $C_{2v}$ 형태가 나타남을 볼 수 있었으며 더 안정한 형태는 $C_{2v}$ 구조로 밝혀졌다. $Ca^+-(CO_2)_2$에서도 선형과 $C_{2v}$ 형태를 볼 수 있는데 이 경우는 선형이 근소한 에너지 차이로 더 안정한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제18권1_2호
• /
• pp.25-43
• /
• 2005

Let F be a finite field of prime power order q(odd) and the multiplicative order of q modulo $2^{n}\;(n>1)\;be\; {\phi}(2^{n})/2$. If n > 3, then q is odd number(prime or prime power) of the form $8m{\pm}3$. If q = 8m - 3, then the ring $R_{2^n} = F[x]/ < x^{2^n}-1 >$ has 2n primitive idempotents. The explicit expressions for these primitive idempotents are obtained and the minimal QR cyclic codes of length $2^{n}$ generated by these idempotents are completely described. If q = 8m + 3 then the expressions for the 2n - 1 primitive idempotents of $R_{2^n}$ are obtained. The generating polynomials and the upper bounds of the minimum distance of minimal QR cyclic codes generated by these 2n-1 idempotents are also obtained. The case n = 2,3 is dealt separately.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.283-288
• /
• 2009

Let N be a zero-symmetric near-ring with identity and let ${\Gamma}(N)$ be a graph with vertices as elements of N, where two different vertices a and b are adjacent if and only if + = N, where is the ideal of N generated by x. Let ${\Gamma}_1(N)$ be the subgraph of ${\Gamma}(N)$ generated by the set {n ${\in}$ N : = N} and ${\Gamma}_2(N)$ be the subgraph of ${\Gamma}(N)$ generated by the set $N{\backslash}{\upsilon}({\Gamma}_1(N))$, where ${\upsilon}(G)$ is the set of all vertices of a graph G. In this paper, we completely characterize the diameter of the subgraph ${\Gamma}_2(N)$ of ${\Gamma}(N)$. In addition, it is shown that for any near-ring, ${\Gamma}_2(N){\backslash}M(N)$ is a complete bipartite graph if and only if the number of maximal ideals of N is 2, where M(N) is the intersection of all maximal ideals of N and ${\Gamma}_2(N){\backslash}M(N)$ is the graph obtained by removing the elements of the set M(N) from the vertices set of the graph ${\Gamma}_2(N)$.