• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1998

Reciprocal interspecific hybrids between N. glauca(2n=24) and N. langsdorffii(2n=18) were obtained by intercrossing. One hundred percent of F$_1$ seeds was produced from intercrossing of N. glauca $\times$ N. langsdorffii, whereas the frequency of F$_1$ hybrid seed formation from N. langsdorffii $\times$ N. glauca was very low. However, all the hybrid seeds were germinated well and then grown to normal plantlets. All the plants of F$_1$ hybrids have chromosome number of interspecific hybrids (2n=21). From observation of morphological characteristic, the structure of petrol, leaf, flower, and the morphology of pollen have characteristics of F1 hybrid. Spontaneous tumors (genetic tumor) were formed from each F$_1$ hybrid; the genetic tumor arose at the reproductive phase when the maternal type of F$_1$ hybrid came from N. glauca, while the genetic tumor arose only after reproductive phase when the maternal type of F$_1$ hybrid came from N. langsdorffii. The genetic tumor actively proliferated on hormone-free medium and produced numerous teratoma shoots. In addition, normal leaf or stem explants of F$_1$ hybrid produced calli on hormone-free medium after 15 days of culture, the calli produced new numerous teratoma shoots after 30 days. The frequency of teratoma shoot formation from rnterspecific hybrid was higher in the N. glauca $\times$ N. langsdorffii than in the N. langsdorffii $\times$ N. glauca. Root development from the teratoma shoots was hardly obtained. Teratoma shoots without roots in vitro can form genetic tumor at the vegetative growth phase after tissue culture.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.203-212
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• 2012

The physiological effects of elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature were examined for Quercus gilva and Q. glauca grown under control (ambient $CO_2$ and temperature) and treatment (elevated $CO_2$ and temperature) conditions for 39 months. The objective of the study was to measure the long-term responses, in physiological parameters, of two oaks species exposed to elevated $CO_2$ and temperature. The photosynthetic rate of Q. gilva was found to be decreased, but that of Q. glauca was not significantly affected, after long-term exposure to elevated $CO_2$ and temperature. Stomatal conductance of Q. glauca was reduced by 21.7%, but that of Q. gilva was not significantly affected, by long-term exposure to $CO_2$ and temperature. However, the transpiration rate of the two oak species decreased. Water use efficiency of Q. gilva was not significantly affected by elevated $CO_2$ and temperature, while that of Q. glauca was increased by 56.6%. The leaves of Q. gilva grown under treatment conditions had an increased C:N ratio due to their reduced nitrogen content, while those of Q. glauca were not significantly affected by long-term exposure to elevated $CO_2$ and temperature. These results suggest that the long-term responses to elevated $CO_2$ and temperature between Q. gilva and Q. glauca are different, and that Q. gilva, the endangered species, is more sensitive to elevated $CO_2$ and temperature than Q. glauca.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 1988

Leaf mesophy11 protoplast cultures from six Nicotiana species, N. debneyi, N. rustica, N. amplexicaulis, N. glauca, N. glutinosa, and N. sylvestris were carried out. When we reduced the NH4NO3 and Fe.EDTA concentration to 1/3(7 mM) and 1/10(10$\mu$M) from the Murashige and Skoog medium respectively, cell division of the protoplasts was efficiently induced in four Nicotiana species, N. debneyi, N. rustica, N. amplexicaulis and N. glauca. However, other two species, N. glutinosa and N. sylvestris were failed in inducing cell division at the same culture condition. The protoclone calluses derived from four Nicotiana species were consequently regenerated on a MS basal medium supplemented with the appropriate auxin and cytokinin.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigated optimum mixing ratio of Korean natural Lindera glauca for production of functional oyster mushroom. Total nitrogen and carbon source of Lindera glauca was 0.16% and 40.9%, respectively and C/N ratio was 215. Total nitrogen source and pH of substrate mixed with Lindera glauca was 2.8~3.0 and 4.8~5.0, respectively. The contents of $P_2O_5$, CaO, MgO and $Na_2O$ were increased by increasing Lindera glauca, but there was no significant difference in $K_2O$ content. Mycerial growth was faster at Lindera glauca treatments than that of control. Yields of fruiting body was the highest at Lindera glauca 20%, and dimeter and thick of pileus were increased according to increase of Lindera glauca addition ratio. The L value of pileus was the highest at the Lindera glauca 10% during mushroom harvest, but there was no significant difference in the a-value and the b-value.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.309-312
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• 2011

Chipped stem wood from Lindera glauca was extracted repeatedly with 80% aqueous methanol at room temperature, and the concentrated methanolic extract was successively partitioned with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butyl alcohol, and $H_2O$. From the EtOAc fraction, four sterols were isolated through a repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatography. The chemical structures of the sterols were elucidated as ${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), 7-ketositosterol (2), 7${\beta}$-hydroxysitosterol (3), and daucosterol (4). Among them, compounds 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from the stem woods of this plant.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 1999

Morphological characteristic during formation of tobacco crown gall tumor and genetic tumor, and their differential response to growth regulator were investigated in in vitro culture. Crown gall tumor was induced from tumor tissue transformed by infecting Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58. Genetic tumor was induced from tumor tissue which was induced spontaneously from reciprocal interspecific hybrids between Nicotiana glauca (2n=24) and Nicotiana langsdorffii (2n=18). Morphological characteristic of crown gall tumor, genetic tumor, and teratoma shoot was very similar, and they were actively proliferated on hormone-free medium. Typical tumor callus and teratoma shoot formed from crown gall tumor on the hormone-free medium. On the contrary, tumor callus derived from genetic tumor formed as a crown gall tumor callus on the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L of 2,4-D, and lots of teratoma shoots without any root formed on the hormone-free medium. Root development from the teratoma shoots was hardly obtained on the medium with IAA, GA and active carbon. However, teratoma shoots with roots, as normal shoots, were initiated occasionally on the hormone-free medium. These shoots also formed new genetic tumor on the stem, which leaves formed lots of teratoma shoot on the hormone-free medium in in vitro culture.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 1991

Effects of two auxins, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and a-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on nicotine production during callus culture of a wild tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) were investigated using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The high concentration ($11.5\;\mu\textrm{M}$)of 2,4-D and NAA had peaks of nicotine contents at 4th and 2nd week, respectively. Thereafter, the concents decreased and the nicotine was metabolized to other alkaloids. The low concentration ($1.5\;\mu\textrm{M}$) of 2,4-D on the medium supplemented with 0.1 mM of L-aspartic acid or L-arginine inhibited nicotine production. However, the low NAA promoted it only when the medium was supplemented with L-aspartic acid. From these results, it could be concluded that both auxins exhibit different action mechanisms on nicotine production pathway and the low NAA promotes the activities for the pathway with L-aspartic acid as a precursor.cursor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.143.3-144
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• 2003

A Korean isolate of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV-Kr) was isolated from a diseased pepper crop in Chunchon, Korea. The isolate was biologically purified on Nicoticaa tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc by successive single local transfer steps, and propagated on N. tabacum cv. Samsun. PMMoV-Kr could systemically infect on N. glauca, N. benthmiana, N. occidentalis and Lycopersicon esculentum, which is typical of known isolates of PMMoV. PMMoV-Kr belongs to the pathotype P1,2 based on pepper-tobamoviral indicator experiments; Capsicn chinone harboring L3 gene revealed resistant (necrotic local lesion on inoculated leaf, HR) whereas L+, L1 and L2 pepper plants expressed susceptible reactions of mosaic systemic symptoms for the isolate. To confirm the pathology and delineate symptom determinant of the isolate, full-length cDNAs of PMMoV-Kr were amplified by RT-PCR with a primer set corresponding to the 5'- and 3'-ends of PMMoV. The RT-PCR molecules amplified from genome RNA of the isolate was cloned into the pUC18 vector. Full-length cDNA clones constructed under the control of the T7 RNA promoter could be successfully transcribed to produce in vitro transcript RNA. Infectivity of the capped transcripts and its progeny virus was verified by Western blot and RT-PCR analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2011

Genus Nicotiana has 76 species including N. tabacum. These plants are used not only as a material for cigarette manufacturing but also as ornamental plant, medicinal plant, poisonous substance plant, and bug repellent plant. N. tabacum is used as a main material for cigarette manufacturing with N. rustica. N. sylvestris and N. alata is used as ornamental plants because of their beautiful flowers and N. rustica is used for bug repellent or pesticide because of its high concentration of nicotine. N. glauca, a tree tobacco, is used for bio-fuel production. N. tabacum is used as a popular model plant system for degeneration, regeneration, and transformation. N. benthamiana is also used as a model system for foreign gene expression by agroinfiltration. The transformation ability of tobacco plant is a good target for molecular farming. Hepatitis B virus envelop protein, E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin, diabetes autoantigen, and cholera toxin B subunit were produced using tobacco plants. Secondary metabolites of tobacco include nicotine, anabasine, nornicotine, anatabine, cembranoid, solanesol, linoleic acid, rutin, lignin and sistosterol, and they are used for various medicine productions which cannot be produced by organic synthesis for their complicated structures. In conclusion, we have to understand the applicability of tobacco plant in detail and study to enlarge the usage of the plants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.311-320
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• 1990

This paper deals with pollen analysis of a 190cm core collected from the Chollipo Arboretum sedimentary basin($N36^{\circ}47$ 43", $E1269^{\circ}$ 7") in southwestern Korea in order to know the change of the climate and vegetation. In this research it is found that the pollen zones are divided into two layers. Pollen zone, I, the lower layer, is flourished with broadleaved trees such as Quercus, Alnus, Corylus, Betula, Carpinus and Castanopsis, and about 30~40% of pollen of those trees consist of that of Q. acuta/glauca and Castanopsis which are evergreen trees. And pollen of Trapa, Typhaceae and Nymphaceae living in wet habitat, is dominant among the nonarboreal pollen. Therefore we can conclude that it ould be warmer and more humid than present in this area of the past. In pollen zone, the upper layer, pollen of Pinus is dominant and those of Artemisia, Gramineae, Compositae and spore are increased in quantity, while pollen of Quercus, Belula and Nymphaceae decreased. It it supposed that the climate of this zone was drier than that zone.that zone.