• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.307-314
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• 2012

Let M be a left R-module and R be a ring with unity, and $S=\{0,2,3,4,{\ldots}\}$ be a submonoid. Then $M[x^{-s}]=\{a_0+a_2x^{-2}+a_3x^{-3}+{\cdots}+a_nx^{-n}{\mid}a_i{\in}M\}$ is an $R[x^s]$-module. In this paper we show some properties of $M[x^{-s}]$ as an $R[x^s]$-module. Let $f:M{\rightarrow}N$ be an R-linear map and $\overline{M}[x^{-s}]=\{a_2x^{-2}+a_3x^{-3}+{\cdots}+a_nx^{-n}{\mid}a_i{\in}M\}$ and define $N+\overline{M}[x^{-s}]=\{b_0+a_2x^{-2}+a_3x^{-3}+{\cdots}+a_nx^{-n}{\mid}b_0{\in}N,\;a_i{\in}M}$. Then $N+\overline{M}[x^{-s}]$ is an $R[x^s]$-module. We show that given a short exact sequence $0{\rightarrow}L{\rightarrow}M{\rightarrow}N{\rightarrow}0$ of R-modules, $0{\rightarrow}L{\rightarrow}M[x^{-s}]{\rightarrow}N+\overline{M}[x^{-s}]{\rightarrow}0$ is a short exact sequence of $R[x^s]$-module. Then we show $E_1+\overline{E_0}[x^{-s}]$ is not an injective left $R[x^s]$-module, in general.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.997-1003
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to know the average of pint range of motion and difference according to the aging for the elderly, This study consisted of elder male(n=75) and elder female(n=l09), The result of assessment and analysis in shoulder pint range of motion are as follows: 1) The average shoulder flexion pint range of motion in 60-69(from sixty to sixty-nine)years old are 163.04(Left-Male), 162.91(Right-Male), 158.74 (Left-Female), 158.74 (Right-Female). 70-79years old are 149.40(L-M), 152.38(R-M), 153,37(L-F), 153.37(R-F). 80-89 years old are 149.57(L-M), 147.93(R-M), 151.17(L-F), 150.33(R-F). There was no significant difference among group, 2) The average shoulder extension pint range of motion in 60-69years old are 48.15(L-M), 47.20(R-M), 45.16(L-F), 44.23(R-F), 70-79years old are 37.l1(L-M), 38.70(R-M), 35.17(L-F), 36.71(R-F), 80-89 years old are 34.46(L-M). 36.71(R-M), 33.90(L-F), 33.09(R-F). There was significant difference among group(p<.05). 3) The average shoulder abduction pint range of motion in 60-69years old are 164.22(L-M), 165.96(R-M), 159.34(L-F), 159.97(R-F), 70-79years old are 152.27(L-M), 155.05(R-M), 152.32(L-F), 53.66(R-F), 80-89 years old are 152.17(L-M), 153.76(R-M), 147.53(L-F), 147.37(R-F). There was significant difference in right shoulder abduction among group(p<05). 4) The average shoulder internal rotation pint range of motion in 60-69years old are 63.52(L-M), 65.70(R-M), 64.16(L-F), 64.61(R-F), 70-79years old are 64.50(L-M), 65.81(R-M) 61.10(L-F), 61.83(R-F). 80-89 years old are 61.60(L-M), 61.66(R-M), 57.53(L-F), 57.53(R-F). There was no significant difference among group. 5) The average shoulder external rotation pint range of motion in 60-69years old are 50.87(L-M), 50.22(R-M), 51.03(L-F), 50.42(R-F), 70-79years old are 50.91(L-M), 50.20(R-M) 48.37(L-F), 50.20(R-F). 80-89 years old are 46.83(L-M), 47.93(R-M), 43.43(L-F), 43.72(R-F).There was significant difference in left shoulder external rotation among group(p<.05).

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.187-189
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• 1987

In the present paper a result [10] of the authors has been generalized as follows: Let l, m, n be fixed positive integers and R be a semi prime ring in which $[(xy)^l,(xy)^m-(yx)^n]=0$ for all $x,y{\in}R$, then R is commutative.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.96-98
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• 1984

A new poultry cestode Raillietina (Skrjabinia) doggaddaensis n.sp. has been described from the domestic fowl Gallus gallus domesticus (L.). The new species has been compared with R.(S.) dhuncheta Sharma (1943) and R.(S.) magnicoronata (Fuhrmann, 1908).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-29
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• 1995

Six-coordinate molybdenum(Ⅴ)-oxo complexes (PyH)[MoOCl2L] and (R4N)-[MoOCl2L] (R=CH3 and C2H5) with N-salicylidene-2-aminophenol(L1) and its derivatives(L2=5-CH3, L3=3-CH3O, L4=5,6-C4H4 and L5=5-NO2) as ONO-donor ligands have been synthesized and the spectral and electrochemical properties of the complexes by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, UV-vis, IR, 1H NMR and CV have been studied.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2009

In order to investigate the potential of a Dayflower (Commelina communis L.) extract as an active in gredient for whitening cosmetics, we prepared aqueous Commelina communis L. extract We measured its mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity, cellular tyrosinase activity, and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells. It did not show inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase but showed melanin synthesis inhibitory activity. In a melanin synthesis inhibition assay using mouse B16-F10 melanoma cell, it suppressed melanin production up to 32% at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}/mL$ without cytotoxicity, and also reduced cellular tyrosinase activity to above 50 % above the concentration of $250{\mu}g/mL$. In study on the melanogenic protein expressions, it had especially influence on expression of tyrosinase protein, which is a well-known key protein on melanogenesis, and tyrosinase expression was gradually decreased in a dose-dependent. Dayflower also blocked N-glycosylation of TRP-2, but affected on the expression of TRP-1 rather than on blocking of N-glycosylation processing. Therefore, this result suggests that aqueous Commelina communis L. extract could be used as an active ingredient for whitening cosmetics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1371-1377
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• 2013

A new synthetic route to N-Cbz-cis-(3R,4R)-3-methylamino-4-methylpiperidine, key intermediate for CP-690,550, was disclosed with L-malic acid as the chiral pool starting material. The title compound was obtained in 16 steps with a total yield of 26% and more than 98% ee.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.271-282
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• 1996

this paper deal with the estimation of the power spectral density function of time series. A kernel estimator which is based on local average is defined and the rates of convergence of the pointwise, $$L_2$-norm; and; $L{\infty}$-norm associated with the estimator are investigated by restricting as to kernels with suitable assumptions. Under appropriate regularity conditions, it is shown that the optimal rate of convergence for 0$N^{-r}$ both in the pointwiseand $$L_2$-norm, while; $N^{r-1}(logN)^{-r}$is the optimal rate in the $L{\infty}-norm$. Some examples are given to illustrate the application of main results.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.32-47
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• 1995

Glutathione(GSH) has a very important role in detoxification of cells and is closely related to antitumor drug-resistance of cancer cells. In order to evaluate the importance of glutathione metabolism in the drug-resistant cancer cells, the concentration of celluar GSH and activities of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase(GCS), ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and glutathione S-transferases(GST) in the adriamycin, vincristine, or cisplatin resistant L1210 (L1210AdR, L1210VcR, or L1210Cis) sublines were measured. Expression and amplification of GCS, GGT, and GST-${\pi}$ genes were also observed in the parent Ll210 and the drug-resistant Ll210 sublines. The concentration of GSH was increased 5.34 fold in L1210Cis, 2.83 fold in L1210VcR, and 1.78 fold in L1210AdR, compared to L1210. The activities of GCS and GGT were increased in drug-resistant L1210 sublines. The GST activity was increased in L1210VcR and L1210Cis but decreased in L1210AdR compared to Ll210. Expression of GCS, GGT, and GST-${\pi}$ genes were increased in the resistant L1210 sublines compare to the parent L1210 in northern blot analyses. Overexpression of GCS, GGT, and GST-${\pi}$ were observed in the resistant sublines, and the increases of the concentration of glutathione and the activities of GCS and GGT in the resistant sublines may be involved in a part of the drug-resistance in the resistant sublines.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 2016

The leaves of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) were extracted with 80 % aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and water fractions. From the n-BuOH fraction, five compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. On the basis of physic-chemical and spectroscopic data including mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, they were identified to be caffeic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), cryptochlorogenic acid (3), panasenoside (4), and (6R,7E,9R)-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one-9-${\beta}$-${\small{D}}$-glucopyranoside (5). Compounds 3 and 4 were isolated for the first time from the leaves of S. melongena L. in this study.