• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.272-275
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• 2000

Winter green manure crops including legume increase grain yield of subsequent crop and substitute N fertilizer requirement with organic-No Hairy vetch grows vigorously and can provide N-rich green manure for corn with its soil incorporation after wintering. But, grain yield of corn as succeeding crop would be reduced if its planting time is delayed until late spring. This experiment was carried out to find the proper incorporation time of hairy vetch green manure and planting time of subsequent corn in cropping system with winter hairy vetch(green manure)-summer corn. Hairy vetch was incorporated into soil at a ten-day interval between April 10 and May 10 and corn was planted at 5 days after each hairy vetch incorporation. Soil nitrate concentration on April 10 and 20 in hairy vetch plot was slightly lower than that at winter fallow. Above-ground dry matter and organic-N of hairy vetch increased linearly with delayed hairy vetch incorporation time from April 10 to May 10. Average dry matter and organic-N produced by hairy vetch were 5.7 ton/ha and 248 kgN/ha, respectively. Corn growth and yield decreased as delayed corn planting time after May in spite of increasing dry matter and N-yield of hairy vetch. Nitrogen concentration of corn grain, stalk and whole plant at harvest were the highest in May 5 planting, but total N-uptake of May 5 planting were not different from that of April 25 planting because of lower grain yield. It was concluded that the proper incorporation time of hairy vetch and corn planting time were April 20 and April 25, respectively, because grain yield was the highest and corn could use hairy vetch-N effectively to produce dry matter.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2003

Direct evidence on the incorporation of high concentration of oxygen into undoped AlGaN layers for the AlGaN/GaN heterostuctures is provided by scanning photoemission microscopy using synchrotron radiation. In-situ annealing at $1000^{\circ}C$ resulted in a significant increase in the oxygen concentration at the AlGaN surface due to the predominant formation of Al-O bonds. The oxygen incorporation into the AlGaN layers resulting from the high reactivity of Al to oxygen can enhance the tunneling-assisted transport of electrons at the metal/AlGaN interface, leading to the reduction of the Schottky barrier height and the increase of the sheet carrier concentration near the AlGaN/GaN interface.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate insecticidal mechanisms of the new insecticides DBI-1015 and DBI-3204 with label compounds of chitin precursors, [$^{14}C$] N-acetylglucosamine and [$^{14}C$] UDP-N-acetylglucosamine in Spodoptera litura. The concentrations of the insecticides for incorporation of chitin precursors into chitin were founded to be functional relationship. The result of in vivo test, $I_{50}$ (ppm) of the DBI-1015, DBI-3024 and diflubenzuron to [$^{14}C$] N-acetylglucosamine were 0.57, 0.89 and 0.26 ppm respectively, and to [$^{14}C$] UDP-N-acetylglucosaminen were 0.99, 0.53 and 0.45 ppm respectively. in vitro test of DBI-1015, DBI-3024 and diflubenzuron by integument fragments, the incorporation rate in the cuticle were low, however, $40{\sim}60%$ inhibitions were observed at $2{\mu}M$ when compared to the untreated control.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.313-318
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• 2005

In this study, we demonstrate the use of a PCR-based method for the detection of the specific genes involved in natural-product biosynthesis. This method was applied, using specifically designed PCR primers, to the amplification of a gene segment encoding for sedo-heptulose 7-phosphate cyclase, which appears to be involved in the biosynthetic pathways of $C_7N$ aminoacyclitol or its keto analogue-containing metabolites, in a variety of actinomycetes species. The sequences of DNA fragments (about 540 bp) obtained from three out of 39 actinomycete strains exhibited a high degree of homology with the sedo-heptulose 7-phosphate cyclase gene, which has been implicated in acarbose biosynthesis. The selective cultivation conditions of this experiment induced the expression of these loci, indicating that the range of $C_7N$ aminoacyclitol or its keto analogue-group natural products might be far greater than was previously imagined. Considering that a total of approximately 20 $C_7N$ aminoacyclitol metabolites, or its keto analogue-containing metabolites, have been described to date, it appears likely that some of the unknown loci described herein might constitute new classes of $C_7N$ aminoacyclitol, or of its keto analogue-containing metabolites. As these metabolites, some of which contain valienamine, are among the most potent antidiabetic agents thus far discovered, the molecular detection of specific metabolite-producing actinomycetes may prove a crucial step in current attempts to expand the scope and diversity of natural-product discovery.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.2285-2289
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• 2020

Protactinium contamination is a mayor issue in the thorium fuel cycle. We investigate, in this work, the consequences of Pa incorporation in vacancy defects and interstitials in Th, ThC and ThN. We calculate charge transfers and lattice distortions due to these incorporations as well as migration paths and energies involved in the diffusion of Pa.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.744-748
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (SSH) cultivation over the past three years from 2009 to 2011. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by rates of additional nitrogen fertilizer ($100kg\;ha^{-1}$) and decreased percentage of 30 50 70 100 fertilization in addition to non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties, growth and yield potential were examined. The results were as follows. The testing soil was showed strong alkaline saline soil with low organic matter contents and less available phosphate while exchangeable sodium and magnesium were higher. Soil salinity was increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, SSH was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was $18,345kg\;ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen at incorporation time was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8. Fresh and dry matter yield of SSH were higher in the order of 30%, CF, N50%, N70%d, N100%, and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield of SSH increased in the order of CF ($55,050kg\;ha^{-1}$, $16,250kg\;ha^{-1}$), N contents from 30% to 9%. Soil physical properties, such as bulk density were decrease with incoporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. Soil chemical properties, such as pH was decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter were increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium were decreased with incorporation of GMC than those before experiment. Thus, we assumed that incorporation of hairy vetch was more effective that can lead to reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer and to improve soil environment in cultivating SSH on Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Impact of incorporating hairy vetch into soil on mitigating nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from maize field in South Korea has not been investigated, whereas impacts on soil properties and nutrients for crops have been investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine N₂O emission from upland soil incorporated with hairy vetch for one year in maize field. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hairy vetch was grown in an upland soil from November, 2017 to May, 2018 and incorporated into soil on May 25 of 2018. Control and conventional treatment (NPK) were included for comparison. Gas samples were collected weekly for a year to examine N₂O emissions from the soil. Chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer stimulated N₂O emission in short term resulting in the greatest cumulative N₂O emission in NPK (6.72 kg N₂O ha^-1) compared to the control (4.04 kg N₂O ha^-1) and hairy vetch-incorporated field (5.43 kg N₂O ha^-1), and the greatest yield of maize from NPK, because total N input was much greater by NPK (186 N kg ha^-1) than by hairy vetch (81.6 N kg ha^-1). CONCLUSION: Incorporation of hairy vetch reduced N₂O emissions from the maize compared to the NPK-treated field. However, further research on improving crop productivity with incorporation of hairy vetch is needed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2005

This research was conducted to investigate the changes in soil chemical properties of root media as influenced by incorporation rate of a polyacryl amide hydrogel, Stocksorb C. The pH at 5 weeks after treatment in four root media such as peatmoss + vermiculite (1:1, v/v; PV), peatmoss + composted rice hull (1:1; PR), peatmoss + composted saw dust (1:1; PD) and peatmoss + composted pine bark (1:1; PB) containing STSB were in the range from 7.04 to 7.30, which was too high. Elevated incorporation rate of STSB resulted in increase of EC in soil solution of four root media with linear and quadratic response. The concentrations of $NH_4^+-N,\;NO_3^--N,\;PO_4-P^{3-},\;K^+,\;Ca^{2+}and\;Mg^{2+}$ in four kinds of root media increased as incorporation rates of STSB were elevated. But the $NO_3^-$-N concentrations in PS media were lower than those in other there root media tested. The Fe concentrations in PV, PR and PS media increased as incorporation rates of STSB were elevated, but those in PB medium did not show significant different. The concentrations of $Fe^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}and\;Cu^{2+}$ in PS media were higher than those in other three root media.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.566-577
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• 1993

The study was to compare the effect of dietary fatty acids on fatty acid profile in tissue and the status of tocopherol and lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities at two fat levels. Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing average 350g(17 weeks) were fed either low fat(LF, 4.3% w/w, 10% kcal) or high fat(HF, 20.8%, w/w, 40% kcal)diet for 6 weeks. The fats used were beef tallow as a source of saturated fatty acid, corn oil for n-6 linoleic acid, perilla oil for n-3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and fish oil for n-3 eiocosapentatenoic acid(EPA) and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). Palsma tocopherol was significantly reduced by fish oil compared to beef tallow at body fat level. However, there was no significant effect on the levels of plasma MDA, RBC MDA and tocopherol, and RBC hempolysis by the type and amount of dietary fat. The peroxidizibility index of fatty acid profile in plasma and liver was increased and liver MDA level was significantly increased by fish oil when dietary fat level was increased. The activities of SOD and GSHPx tended to be increased by perilla oil and fish oil at both fat oil significantly reduced the incorpration of c20:4 and increased the incorporation of c20:5 into liver compared to corn oil. The incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into tissue by perilla oil rich in $\alpha$-linolenic acid was significantly higher tan corn oil and its effect was improved with higher amount of perilla oil in diet by high fat diet. Overall, the lipid peroxidation of tissue could be prevented by tocopherol supplementation when dietary fat level was low in diet. However, at high fat diet, tocopherol supplementation might not be enough to prevent the lipid peroxidation in tissue since the potential for lipid peroxidation was tended to be increased with higher incorporation of higher unsaturated n-3 fatty acids into tissue. Therefore, it could not be recommended to consume large amount of fish oil even with excess amount of tocopherol supplemented to the high fat diet.