• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-45
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• 2008

음악치료에서는 치료사와 클라이언트의 관계가 중요한 치료적 요인이므로 클라이언트에 대한 치료사의 반응이나 감정 상태, 즉 음악치료사의 역전이를 탐색하는 일은 치료사에게 필수적으로 요구되는 것이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 음악치료사의 역전이 경험 양상과 음악치료사의 전문적 특성에 따른 역전이 관리능력을 탐구해 봄으로써 음악치료사가 역전이를 관리하는데 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 음악치료 임상 실습과 인턴십을 거쳐 음악치료 대학원 과정을 수료 또는 졸업한 후 전문적인 음악치료를 제공하고 있는 음악치료사 62명을 연구 대상으로 하여 설문조사를 실시하였으며 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 음악치료사의 역전이 경험 질문지 분석에서 응답자의 약 84%가 역전이로 인한 어려움을 경험한 적이 있다고 응답하였으며, 경험의 최초 시기는 대학원 실습 과정 중이 전체의 48%, 졸업 후 3년 이내가 27%, 인턴십 과정 중이 14%로 나타났다. 응답자가 역전이로 인한 어려움을 경험했던 치료 대상은 정신질환 성인이 가장 많았고 다음이 발달장애 아동이었다. 역전이로 인한 어려움을 경험한 적이 있는 응답자의 약 76%가 역전이를 어느 정도 관리할 수 있게 되었다고 응답하였으며, 전체 응답자의 대부분이 역전이 탐색 및 관리가 필요하다고 생각하고 있었다. 역전이 관리를 위해 어떤 방법이 좋겠는지를 묻는 질문에 대해 자기 분석 및 자기치료를 통해서가 54%로 가장 높은 비율을 보였고, 수퍼비전을 통해서가 33%, 대학원 수업 과정 중에 다루어야 한다는 의견이 13%를 차지하였다. 둘째, 음악치료사의 역전이 반응 질문지 분석에서는 사랑과 인정 영역의 평균 점수가 가장 높았다. 문항별로는 '클라이언트에게 자신이 의미 있는 존재로 받아들여지기를 원하였다', '클라이언트와의 음악치료 과정에서 기력 소진과 탈진을 경험하였다', '클라이언트를 항상 음악적으로 지지해주려고 하였다'의 3개 문항이 19개의 문항 중 높은 평균값을 나타냈다. 음악치료사의 역전이 반응과 관리능력의 관계를 상관관계분석과 일원분산분석을 통해 살펴본 결과 역전이 반응 점수가 높을수록 자기통찰 점수는 높아지는 반면, 불안관리 점수는 낮아졌다. 셋째, 음악치료사의 학력에 따른 역전이 관리능력의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으나 관리능력 하위변인 전 영역에서 학력수준이 높아짐에 따라 관리능력의 평균값이 뚜렷이 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 음악치료사의 임상경력에 따른 역전이 관리능력은 임상경력이 많은 집단에서 관리능력이 높게 나타났고, 관리능력 하위변인 중에서는 자기통합과 공감능력에서 집단에 따른 유의한 차이를 보였다. 음악치료사의 수퍼비전 경험에 따른 역전이 관리능력은 수퍼비전 횟수가 많은 집단에서 관리능력이 높게 나타났고, 관리능력 하위변인 중에서는 개념화기술에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 음악치료사의 자기치료 경험에 따른 역전이 관리능력의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으나 자기치료 경험이 있는 집단이 자기치료 경험이 없는 집단에 비해 관리능력 하위변인의 전 영역에서 더 높은 평균값을 보였다. 음악치료 임상의 모든 치료 관계에서 역전이는 일어날 수 있으며, 그것은 치료에 긍정적, 혹은 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있고, 치료사 또한 역전이로 인한 갈등을 겪거나 어려움에 봉착할 수 있다. 음악치료에서 치료사의 역전이를 민감하게 인식하는 것은 효과적인 치료 관계를 형성하여 성공적인 치료 성과를 가져오는데 매우 중요한 역할을 함에도 불구하고 국내에서 음악치료사의 역전이를 다룬 연구는 미비한 상황이다. 따라서 음악치료사의 역전이 경험과 역전이 반응 및 관리능력을 실증적으로 살펴본 본 연구는 음악치료사들로 하여금 치료사 본인 및 클라이언트를 위해 자신의 역전이를 관리하고 활용할 수 있도록 하는 데에 중요한 기초 자료를 제공하고 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2022

본 연구는 인턴상담자의 꿈 통찰 과정에 관한 현상학적 연구이다. 연구의 목적은 인턴상담자가 무의식에 대한 통찰을 통해 자신의 경험에 의미를 부여하고 인식하는 과정을 바탕으로 전문상담자로서의 성장을 도모하는 것이다. 이에 자신과 타인, 세계에 대한 기대를 명백하게 나타내는 무의식적 꿈을 인식하는 과정을 갖도록 하며, 이러한 과정을 보다 유연하게 탐색할 수 있도록 하는 꿈통합예술치료를 활용하였다. 연구참여자는 홍보를 통해 지원한 참여 희망자 중 석·박사과정에 재학 중인 3명을 선발하였으며, 자료 수집 및 분석은 연구참여자를 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 통하여 진행하는 현상학적 Giorgi 연구방법을 채택하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인턴상담자들은 꿈통합예술치료를 통해 자신의 무의식적 통찰을 원하는 동기를 가지고 있었고 자신의 무의식 속에서 드러나는 문제들을 꿈, 음악, 미술 매체들을 통해 스스로 통찰할 수 있었다. 둘째, 인턴상담자들은 공통적으로 최근 꿈, 음악, 미술 매체들을 통하여 집중력이 깊어짐과 편안함을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 꿈통합예술치료의 병행없이 드러났던 방어기제로는 자신을 드러내고 싶지 않아하는 회피적 성향이 공통적으로 나타났으나, 이는 점진적으로 줄어드는 양상을 보였다. 넷째, 인턴상담자들은 앞으로의 성장방향에 대해 스스로를 위한 유연함이 생겼고 자신을 받아들이게 된 기회였으며 전문상담자가 되기 위한 미래방향에 대한 계획을 갖게 되었다고 보고되었다. 따라서, 다양한 매체들을 활용한 후속 연구와 꿈통합프로그램 효과 검증 연구 및 다양한 사례연구가 필요함을 제언한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.88-100
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• 2020

본 연구는 오늘날 대학의 복합양식적 글쓰기 교양 교육의 필요성과 가능성을 조명한 문헌연구 성격의 탐색적 연구이다. 연구 목적은 음악과 글쓰기를 결합시켜 교육에 활용한 기존 연구들을 분석하여 그 교육적 함축을 찾아보고 Meyrowitz의 미디어를 바라보는 세 관점에 따라 그 연구들의 개념과 결과들을 종합 정리하여 글쓰기 교육의 입장에서 음악과의 융합 형태적 가능성을 제시하는 것이다. 기존 연구들은 크게 네 범주로 나누어 볼 수 있었다. 첫째는 범교과적 글쓰기의 관점, 둘째는 치유적 효과의 관점, 셋째는 글쓰기를 위한 사고 자료적 관점, 마지막은 신문식성의 관점이다. 이 개념들을 Meyrowitz의 관점으로 정리해 볼 때, 먼저는 환경으로서 음악을 활용하는 것인데 글쓰기 교육의 배경 음악으로 활용하여 음악이 가진 감성, 회상, 치유적 효과를 간접적으로 활용하는 것이다. 두 번째는 글쓰기 도구로서 음악을 활용하는 것인데 현재 교육 현장에서 가장 보편적으로 활용되는 양식이다. 음악을 일종의 읽기자료로 활용하여 정의적, 인지적, 전략적 영역 모두에서 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 셋째는 음악과 서사의 융·복합적 글쓰기로 제시하였다. 음악이 독자적 언어 매체로서 서사 매체와 상호작용하면서 의미를 구성하는 방식으로 글쓰기를 시도한다. 이 세 가지 차원은 관점은 서로 다르지만 동시에 일어나는 교육 작용일 수 있으며 서로가 결합된 형태로 진행될 수도 있다. 본고는 이러한 수업을 위해서는 글쓰기 교수자에게 음악적 역량이나 음악과의 융합 글쓰기에 대한 전문적인 관심과 노력이 필요하며 팀티칭도 하나의 대안이 될 수 있음을 강조하였다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.220-235
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• 1998

The revolution of nursing curriculum has been focused on clinical competency for nursing graduates to flexibly respond to changes in societal health needs and disciplinary requirements. In this trend, the study was designed to identify basic concepts of nursing education that reflects the changes in societal needs and nursing discipline, and to develop the instrument to measure performance level in each dimension of clinical competency. The study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, principal concepts consisted of nursing education were determined through literature review as well as series of discussion sessions on nursing philosophies and educational objectives among researchers. Though the process, the conceptual framework of competency based nursing curriculum was constructed with nursing process and professional role as horizontal threads, client, health needs, and nursing interventions as vertical threads. Then, items were developed to represent each dimension of competency : client and health need, nursing process, professional role, and nursing interventions. The total of 273 items were included as to represent clinical competency required for BSN graduates. In phase 2, questionnaires were distributed to nursing faculties of 41 BSN programs to validate the 273-item Instrument developed to measure competency. The total of 34 subjects returned the questionnaire with 81% of response rates. The subjects of the study had an average of 42 months of clinical experience and 13 years of education experience in various nursing areas with an age range of 30 to 52 years. The data were analyzed by utilizing SPSSWIN and the results are as follows. 1) The mean score of the nursing process dimension was supported most with the mean of 3.60(SD=0.32) compared to client and health need dimension(M=3.49, SD=.40), professional role(M=3.41, SD=.44), and nursing interventions(M=3.57, SD=.34). 2) The dimensions of competency were moderately correlated to each other with a range of r=.433 to r=.829, confirming that four dimensions of competency were related but distinct concepts. 3) The items of each dimension were analyzed based on its appropriateness. 'Assessing risk factors of the clients' were most highly supported in client and health need dimension. Most items of nursing process dimension were considered appropriate, while items related to efficient communication were well supported in professional role dimension. In nursing intervention dimension, items on basic nursing skills were highly supported while items on specific nursing interventions such as music therapy or art therapy were considered relatively inappropriate to competency for BSN graduates. The findings clearly showed that the current nursing education more emphasizes nursing interventions based on nursing process than other dimensions of competency. There is a need to reconceptualize nursing curriculum that is able to reflect more of nursing professional role and client/health need dimensions. Further research to validate the instrument by confirming competency dimensions of nursing graduates who are currently working at the hospital has been suggested.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2007

Objectives : Depression disturbs the individual life from the loss of productivity to suicide. Furthermore the whole society is also influenced by depression in social and economic areas. Many scientific treatment methods are known to be effective in depression. But in reality more than half of patients with depression prefer self help treatment rather than medically based treatment. For the patients with mild depression and primary physicians, it is reasonable to provide the evidence based self care including self help or alternative treatment. This study is supported by the Korean Health 21 R&D Project for the Depression Center to establish the Korean treatment guideline for depression. Methods : The members of Depression Center including the authors attended the workshops where the methods of evidence based medicine such as literature search, quality evaluation of the articles, making the level of evidence were educated. The professional librarians helped the authors for get the searched articles. Among the total of 354 abstracts of systemic review and 300 abstracts of random controlled trials, 3 systemic reviews and 2 random controlled trials were the main structure of evaluation. Result : Among the 37 self care methods known to be effective for depression, 11 kinds of methods were worth of evaluation. The first step for the self care of mild depression is to use St. John's wort, exercise, bibliotherapy, and light therapy in depression during winter season. Acupuncture, negative ion therapy, massage, relaxation technique are known to be efective with evidence. Music therapy, hypnotherapy, and aromatherapy are known to be effective but until now the evidences is insufficient and further evaluations are needed. Conclusion : Among 11 listed self-care methods, several methods need more evidence especially in Korean situation. Exercise is the most recommendable evidence based self care method in Korea nowadays. St. John's wort is effective with evidence, but it is not the OTC drug in Korea, so it is not recommendable now. For the bibliotherapy, there is no book such as "Feeling Good" in Korea. Only the introductory book about depression is available. Publishing the self help book based upon cognitive behavioral approach or psychodynamic approach is needed. Light therapy is practiced in a few clinics, but not self-help style. Exposure to the sunlight is recommended in the level of commen sense. These self care methods are for the mild patient. Moderate to severe patients with depression should seek the professional treatment.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.124-134
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• 2004

The major results of this study were as follows : 1. The percentage of nurses who know the complementary and alternative therapies was 50.1% Most of them(70.6%) acknowledged the therapies from newspapers, television and magazines. 2. The complementary and alternative therapy was perceived as effective by 64.9% of the nurses and as trusted by 60.2% of them The effective methods of the therapy are acupuncture herb medicine and massage. 3. Most of the nurses 93.4% experienced getting inquiries from patients or their guardians whether to use the therapies. 4. The complementary and alternative therapies was experienced by 38.9% of nurses and 7.1% of them use the therapies frequently 92.9% of patients and families were satisfied with the result 'Massage Therapy' was used the most with no side-effects and thus higher need of education for nurses. 5. They wanted to be trained for massage therapy finger-pressure, music therapy, acupuncture, aroma therapy in order. 6. Reliance on the complementary and alternative therapies, 75.2% of nurses completed the course trusted the therapies and the result of others uncompleted was similar as 52.2% Moreover both 79.5% of nurses completed it and 61.6% of the others said that the complementary and alternative therapy's nursing interventions is possible to develop. 7. It shows high relation to recognition having possibilities for applying and developing as the nursing intervention. if the confidence is as high as about the complementary and alternative therapies. Based of the results of this study as above this study proposes as follows. First, The nurses should understand mentality of the patients so that the nurses have to put in operation appropriate nursing intervention as accurate knowledge of the alternation therapies using to cancer patients for having on damages to patients from their rash using way. Furthermore, it is necessary to supply the special place and the professional nurses taking complete charge at them. Next politic interest and support from government are required to develop and practice systematic and resonable education programs for the complementary and alternative therapies. Moreover, it is necessary for nurses to be educated about the therapies continually. Finally, it is compulsory that the research and development for complementary and alternative therapies is needed. In addition, it has to be made standard and legal equipment for safety efficacy and theory about the therapies.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.43-67
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• 2022

본 연구는 시설에 거주하는 청소년의 자아정체감 향상을 목적으로 한 노래만들기 활동의 개별 음악치료 사례연구로 연구 대상자는 쉼터에 거주하는 만 16~18세 남자 청소년 3명이다. 노래만들기 프로그램은 각 대상자별 자아정체감을 구성하는 하위요인 중 낮은 영역을 중심으로 선율과 가사 등의 음악적 요소를 활용하여 구성되었다. 프로그램은 주 1회, 각 회기별 60분씩 총 13회기에 걸쳐 진행되었고 자발적으로 참여의사를 밝힌 대상자들에게 시행되었다. 자료분석은 자아정체감 척도에 따른 하위영역별 사전, 사후 검사 결과와 회기별 언어적, 음악적 반응에 따른 변화, 사후 대상자들의 언어적 반응을 분석하는 평가 방법을 사용하였다. 연구 결과 대상자 A를 제외한 대상자 B, 대상자 C는 자아정체감 사전 척도 검사 결과에 비해 사후 결과가 향상하였으며 하위영역 별로 대상자 B는 친밀성이, 대상자 C는 주도성이 가장 많이 향상되었다. 회기별 언어적, 음악적 반응에서 참여 대상자 모두 자아 탐색 과정을 통해 주체성이 향상되었으며 이는 긍정적 자아상 확립에 기여하였다. 또한 사후 언어적 반응에서 대상자 3명 모두 '나'를 주제로 한 창작곡이 자아를 탐색하고 자아정체감을 확립하는 데 실질적으로 도움이 되었다고 표현하였다. 결과적으로 치료적 노래만들기는 시설보호청소년의 자아정체감 확립에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.48-60
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to identify the musculotendinous problems and contributing factors to those problems In students majoring in musical instruments in Korea. The data were collected from March 2, 1996 to March 31, 1996 from 261 music students in various geographical areas. The data were analyzed for descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square using SPSS $PC^+$ program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In a questionnaire survey of 261 music students, one hundred twenty five(47.9%) reported having had various musculotendinous symptoms. Twenty seven students among the those who had previous symptoms(21.9%) reported the present symptoms. 2. The experience rates of musculotendinous problems in keyboard players, string players and woodwind players were 50.3%, 48.2%, 33.3% respectively. 3. Most of the students practiced most intensively during their high school years and the musculotendinous symptoms began at the same period. 4. Pain, tenderness and stiffness were the most common symptoms, while paresthesia and motor dysfunction were rare. This indicates that most players had muscle tendinous overuse, while small number had nerve entrapment and motor dysfunction. 5. In past and present symptoms, string players experienced musculotendinous symptoms mainly in both sides of shoulders, lumbar area, left finger, and left wrist, while keyboard players experienced more symptoms in the right wrist, shoulder, fingers than left side. 6. The major contributing factors to the symptoms were weight of instrument, types of instruments, types of daily activities, duration of practice, and playing technique. 7 The most frequent treatment modalities for the symptoms were acupuncture or moxibustion, other alternative therapy such as heat compress and massage. Through this study it was found that the musculotendinous problems might be increased along with their career, due to lack of knowledge about preventive measures and patterns of health behavior seeking alternative modalities rather than professional consultation. Therefore, preventive measures that focus on playing habits such as duration of practice, frequency of rest and position while playing should be developed and taught to the students, their parents, and music educators. Doctors who are interested in this area should attempt to correct the position and posture while playing of the posture. And measures for reduction of loading of instrument weight should also be developed.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-69
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• 2001

Hospice Care is the best way to care for terminally ill patients and their family members. However most of them can not receive the appropriate hospice service because the Korean health delivery system is mainly be focussed on acutly ill patients. This study was carried out to clarify the situation of hospice in Korea and to develop a hospice care delivery system model which is appropriate in the Korean context. The theoretical framework of this study that hospice care delivery system is composed of hospice resources with personnel, facilities, etc., government and non-government hospice organization, hospice finances, hospice management and hospice delivery, was taken from the Health Delivery System of WHO(1984). Data was obtained through data analysis of litreature, interview, questionairs, visiting and Delphi Technique, from October 1998 to April 1999 involving 56 hospices, 1 hospice research center, 3 non-government hospice organizations, 20 experts who have had hospice experience for more than 3 years(mean is 9 years and 5 months) and officials or members of 3 non-government hospice organizations. There are 61 hospices in Korea. Even though hospice personnel have tried to study and to provide qualified hospice serices, there is nor any formal hospice linkage or network in Korea. This is the result of this survey made to clarify the situation of Korean hospice. Results of the study by Delphi Technique were as follows: 1.Hospice Resources: Key hospice personnel were found to be hospice coordinator, doctor, nurse, clergy, social worker, volunteers. Necessary qualifications for all personnel was that they conditions were resulted as have good health, receive hospice education and have communication skills. Education for hospice personnel is divided into (i)basic training and (ii)special education, e.g. palliative medicine course for hospice specialist or palliative care course in master degree for hospice nurse specialist. Hospice facilities could be developed by adding a living room, a space for family members, a prayer room, a church, an interview room, a kitchen, a dining room, a bath facility, a hall for music, art or work therapy, volunteers' room, garden, etc. to hospital facilities. 2.Hospice Organization: Whilst there are three non-government hospice organizations active at present, in the near future an hospice officer in the Health&Welfare Ministry plus a government Hospice body are necessary. However a non-government council to further integrate hospice development is also strongly recommended. 3.Hospice Finances: A New insurance standards, I.e. the charge for hospice care services, public information and tax reduction for donations were found suggested as methods to rise the hospice budget. 4.Hospice Management: Two divisions of hospice management/care were considered to be necessary in future. The role of the hospice officer in the Health & Welfare Ministry would be quality control of hospice teams and facilities involved/associated with hospice insurance standards. New non-government integrating councils role supporting the development of hospice care, not insurance covered. 5.Hospice delivery: Linkage&networking between hospice facilities and first, second, third level medical institutions are needed in order to provide varied and continous hospice care. Hospice Acts need to be established within the limits of medical law with regards to standards for professional staff members, educational programs, etc. The results of this study could be utilizes towards the development to two hospice care delivery system models, A and B. Model A is based on the hospital, especially the hospice unit, because in this setting is more easily available the new medical insurance for hospice care. Therefore a hospice team is organized in the hospital and may operate in the hospice unit and in the home hospice care service. After Model A is set up and operating, Model B will be the next stage, in which medical insurance cover will be extended to home hospice care service. This model(B) is also based on the hospital, but the focus of the hospital hospice unit will be moved to home hospice care which is connected by local physicians, national public health centers, community parties as like churches or volunteer groups. Model B will contribute to the care of terminally ill patients and their family members and also assist hospital administrators in cost-effectiveness.