• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.362-381
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• 2017

People are most commonly divided by their nationality, but that does not mean they share the same culture. Even for people from one cultural background, subcultures play an important role for diversity and identity, and popular music is one way to express them. This study analyzed 6 songs of the Hip Hop genre from the US, Germany and South Korea, with one song each from the time of first emergence of the term 'Hip Hop' and one song each from 2016, selected on the basis of popularity indicated by music record sales and specialist literature on the history of Hip Hop. Through semiotic analysis of early and recent Hip Hop in each country, the changes in popular Hip Hop over time were examined. The results of this study show that through standardization, Hip Hop in the three countries has superficially become more similar and more focused on the individual, but on a detailed level shows significant differences: while U.S. Hip Hop refers to the American Dream, German Hip Hop displays an extreme image of masculinity, and Korean Hip Hop deals with private thoughts. Although popular Hip Hop nowadays does not explicitly exercise social criticism it is still ascribed the symbolic significance of a rebellious and revolutionary cultural practice that can be used to criticize and change culture as well as society.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.45-66
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• 2021

This study aimed to develop a group rap making program and examine its applicability to improve communication skills of adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities (ID). Three adolescents with ID participated in a total of six 50-minute group sessions over 4 weeks. The group rap making program included three stages: understanding the context of communication, learning how to communicate with others, and applying the communicative behaviors in a group setting. To examine changes in the participants' communication skills, the rap lyrics constructed by participants were analyzed and communicative behaviors were observed during sessions and analyzed in terms of asking questions and providing information to others. Also, a social communication skills checklist was rated by the participant's caregivers. The analysis of rap lyrics showed that the expressions included in the rap were diversified as the session proceeded. Changes in observed behaviors supported that participants became to engage in communication with others more actively in order to complete the group rap. While the social communication skills checklist tended to increase, there was a difference in degree of change depending on the level of language communication skills. These results indicate that a group rap making can be an effective option for these adolescents to learn how to communicate with their peers, which presents implications for how rap making can be used for therapeutic purpose with more diversified population.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.78-83
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• 2020

The information and knowledge of modern society in the 2lst century is changing rapidly. Based on this social change, the ministry of education introduced STEAM (Science Technology Engineering Art Music) in 2011 to foster creative convergence talents. Therefore, this study is based on the PBL model that learners participate in the class voluntarily to develop appropriate talents in the 21st century. The combined subjects were English, which is the world's official language, and Science, which is found in almost all the fields with the development of the 4th industrial revolution. As a result, learners could define the problems and solutions during the English class and take part in the group activity actively to obtain the problems and solutions of environmental pollution during the Science class. Through this, learners answered that they had a great understanding of learning (86%), high motivation for learning (100%), improved self-confidence (100%), and improved collaboration and creativity (100%). Unfortunately, this study does not progress actively due to the entrance exams, which still require accurate answers rather than the necessity and effectiveness of convergence education. To foster talents suitable for the present age, more active research should be applied to a range of educational sites.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.80-95
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• 2016

This study sought to disclose the problems surrounding the erroneous explanation of the title of the musical script 'Jeongdaeeop,' which is Jongmyojeryeak(Jongmyo Shrine ritual music), shown in Daeakhubo, Korea's treasure No.1291. Daehakhubo imitated and adopted expressions like 1 Byeon(change) and 1 Pyeon(edition), shown in the music written in the Annals of King Sejong, the foundation of Jongmyojeryeakbo music. Originally, 'Jeongdaeeop' recorded during the reign of King Sejong consisted of 6-Byeon and 13-Pyeon compositions, except Inlet and Outlet tunes. King Sejo, however, while rearranging this music into Jongmyo Shrine Mumuak music, reduced it to 9 tunes. And, when registering such arrangements in the musical scripts in the Annuals of King Sejo, he did not list the explanation of the titles as in the Annals of King Sejong. He just listed the nine tunes. In contrast to the musical scripts in the Annals of King Sejo, in Daeakhubo the details of Byeon and Pyeon under the nine tune titles are listed as in the Annals of King Sejong. This study revealed that Byeon and Pyeon expressed in Daeakhubo were the results of arbitrarily transcribing the different Byeon and Pyeon of 'Jeongdaeeop' and 'Balsang' in the Annals of King Sejong into the revised 'Jeongdaeeop' during the reign of King Sejo. Thus, under the titles of each score in 'Jeongdaeeop' of Daeakhubo are written the explanations of the muscial scores shown in both 'Jeongdaeeop' of the Annals of King Sejong and 'Balsang' of the Annals of King Sejong. Thus, the story of the son Ikjo is described even ahead of the story of the father Mokjo, and stories totally different from the original movements are described, creating overall errors. Such errors were presumably caused by powers that created the false musical script 'Sokakwonbo' during the Japanese colonial rule of Korea and disguised it as a traditional musical script.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.37
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• pp.187-221
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• 2018

The style of performance to contemporary nongak is not fixed in a specific period of time, but in conjunction with the total change in society that has occurred during its long time from traditional society to the modern times. It is important to recognize that the traditional performance art forms that we see and feel today, including nongak, are constantly interacting with the times and are a change in the design that has been shaped in the past. Now, we must get rid of the negative idea that there is some fixed prototype in Nongak. Also, the value and the need for preservation of current Nongak should not be evaluated according to the ' pure genealogy of village descent, ' which was possible only in villages with small population movements long ago. If can get rid of the stereotypes, can greatly expand the view that we read the values of a certain Nongak. Looking away from a few of these traditional fixed perceptions can significantly broaden the view of reading the winning values of some farmers ' songs. In this regard, this report determined the performing style and nature of Changwon's Toichon-noangak through a structural analysis of the Toichon-noangak in contemporary, and discussed the significance of the transmittion of Toichon-noangak. Changwon Toichon Nongak started out as an even-present ritual performance based on the religious nature of the village community and actively exchanged with the economic, social and cultural foundations of the Republic of Korea, which began to accumulate in the modern changes. Generally, the performance style of village Nongak has a combination of characteristics according to the ritual, Dure(collective labor), entertainment, and these three functions. Toichon Nongak is also a village Nongak style and in which of ritual nongak and village entertainment nongak are connected in parallel as one in the big total structure. The origin, background, purpose, and style of towing of Toichon noangak demonstrates that the Toichon noangak is originally ceremonial noangak derived from a prayer style of Dongje. Then, various factors influences are interacting with Toichon noangak within the orbit of modern society, such a style of playing, popular nongak, is believed to have undergone an extended change. Overall, Toichon nongak performance style can be called nongak, which maintains traditional customs and it also has the changed characteristics according to the times of village society.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.8C
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• pp.1193-1202
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• 2004

While the management of digital contents is getting more and more important, many researchers have studied about scene change detection algorithms to reduce similar scenes in the video contents and to efficiently summarize video data. The algorithms using histogram and pixel information are found out as being sensitive to light changes and motion. Therefore, visual rhythm gets used in recent work to solve this problem, which shows some characteristics of scenes and requires even less computational power. In this paper, a new scene detection algorithm using visual rhythm by direction is proposed. The proposed algorithm needs less computational power and is able to keep good performance even in the scenes with motion. Experimental results show the performance improvement of about 30% comparing with conventional methods with histogram. They also show that the proposed algorithm is able to keep the same performance even to music video contents with lots of motion.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.66-83
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to learn both effects of the vocal psychotherapy on the self-consciousness and the variety of the self-consciousness on the vocal psychotherapy in return. The research for this study was performed to three subjects who were students of E university, Seoul, ten times for sixty minutes. The subjects were all volunteers for the advertisement on a music-therapy program searching for them on the web site of E university. The vocal psychotherapy program consists of four steps and each of them consists of two to four short terms again. Both before and after the experiment, examinations on self-consciousness were done to recognize the change of the subjects' self-consciousness which would be caused by the vocal psychotherapy activity. After every short term, the subjects were asked to write reports to closely analyze the change of self-consciousness according to the terms and the variety of the subjects. The effect of the vocal psychotherapy activity on the changes of scores in the self-consciousness examination is the first thing to point out on this study. There appeared some personal varieties on the total scores of the examination and scores of some sub-categories. Especially, there were different scores on the private self-consciousness, the public self-consciousness, and the social anxiety between before and after performing the vocal psychotherapy program. Subject A, who had got the best score of all on the scope of the private self-consciousness, showed the steepest decrease on the very scope. On the contrary, the subject showed decrease of scores of the public self-consciousness and the social anxiety in the relatively little rate. Subject B, who had got the highest score of the three on the public self-consciousness, showed the steepest decrease on that of all scopes and showed no difference on the social anxiety scope. In the case of the last one, subject C, who had relatively low scores on the private and public self-consciousness than the others, the private self-consciousness score increased but the public self-consciousness and the social anxiety scores decreased. The changes of the scores of each questions were examined in order to see possible other changes that had not been exposed on the changes of the total and sub-categories scores. As a result of that, of all twenty-eight questions, there were changes about one to two points. Subject A showed the difference with thirteen questions, subject B with sixteen and subject C with nineteen questions. The rate of change of subject C was relatively small but more questions changed and the change of score was wider than the others. Considering all those results, It can be possibly said that the vocal psychotherapy affects the changes of the scores of sub-categories in self-consciousness examination. The next thing to point out on this study is the change of recognition that was exposed on the subjects' report after every short term of the program. As a result of the close analyzing, according to the short terms and variety of self-consciousness, recognizing the way express subjects themselves by voice and recognizing their own voices appeared to be different. How much they cared about others and why they did so were also different. According to the self reports, subject A cared much about her inner thought and emotion and tended to concentrate herself as a social object. There appeared some positive emotional experiments such as emotional abundance and art curiosities on her reports but at the same time some negative emotions such as state-trait anxiety and neuroticism also appeared. Subject B, who showed high scores on the private and public self-consciousness like subject A, had a similar tendency that concentrates on herself as a social object but she showed more social anxiety than subject A. Subject C got relatively lower points in self-consciousness examination, tended to care about herself, and had less negative emotions such as state-trait anxiety than other subjects. Also, with terms going on, she showed changes in the way of caring about her own voice and others. This study has some unique significances in helping people who have problems caused by self-estimation activated with self-consciousness, using voices closely related to one's own self, performing the vocal skills discipline to solve the technical problems. Also, this study has a potentiality that the vocal psychotherapy activity can be effectively used as a way affects the mental health and developing personality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.9
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• pp.41-57
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• 2010

Yunnan, where twenty-six minor ethnics live, is located in Southwest part of China. They have preserved and developed their folk costume, artcraft, music and dance in their peculiar way with natural and cultural surroundings. So, Yunnan is known as a living folk museum. It's worth examining how climate and circumstances change has affected certain differences of dress shape in same ethnic. Research into costumes of minor ethnics can contribute to the study of origin of the trousers, as this group of people have well succeeded the basic form of trousers through their cultural history and everyday life. This study, at first, investigates geographical surroundings of each minor ethnic group, and figures out the style of all trousers by measuring the each size, then compares design color pattern and fabric. The origin of trousers examined by formative characteristics has been classified and comparatively studied. The study materials are twenty-three trousers selected from in Yunnan Folk Museum as well as other relevant literature records. This study suggests that one can examine the type of human culture through the forms of costume which reflects folk custom geography economy etc. This, in turn, can be used as a basic information for other studies, and in particular, for the study of origin and structure of the trousers.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.523-529
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the costumes of the ruling class in the Asuka-Nara Period by looking at the change in the clothing law of the era. During the Asuka-Nara period, various cultures such as Buddhism, architecture, sculpture, paintings, music, and so on were introduced through vigorous exchange with Chosun and Tang. Contrary to the primitive-Kohun Period, the regulation about costumes was enacted as law in the Asuka-Nara Period this fact tells us that there was high interest in clothing. Frequent reorganization of clothing law had to do with the rank system of Japan as well as with the exchange with other countries. The clothing law of Asuka-Nara Period was mostly consisted of the regulations about costumes of the ruling class including the royal family and government officials. The law regulated different coronet and color for the clothing depending on the different rank of the government officials. The more classified the rank was, the more varied color was used. In addition, there was a variety in the costumes system; 2 piece clothing of the Kohun Period was continuously used while new types of clothing were also introduced. The royal family members and government officials wore different types of clothing such as Yebok, Jobok, and Jebok, depending on time, place, or the purpose of occasion. The costumes of this period could be inferred from the analysis of the relics.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.4889-4908
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• 2020

With the advances in Information Technology (IT), users can download or stream copyrighted works, such as videos, music, and webtoons, at their convenience. Thus, the frequency of use of copyrighted works has increased. Consequently, the number of unauthorized copies and sharing of copyrighted works has also increased. Monitoring is being conducted on sites suspected of conducting copyright infringement activities to reduce copyright holders' damage due to unauthorized sharing of copyrighted works. However, suspected copyright infringement sites respond by changing their domains or blocking access requests. Although research has been conducted for improving the effectiveness of suspected copyright infringement site detection by defining suspected copyright infringement sites' response techniques as a lifecycle step, there is a paucity of studies on automation techniques for lifecycle detection. This has reduced the accuracy of lifecycle step detection on suspected copyright infringement sites, which change domains and lifecycle steps in a short period of time. Thus, in this paper, an automated detection technique for suspected copyright infringement sites is proposed for efficient detection and response to suspected copyright infringement sites. Using our proposed technique, the response to each lifecycle step can be effectively conducted by automatically detecting the lifecycle step.