Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2017.17.06.362

Hip Hop Culture, Subculture, and the Social and Cultural Implications: A Comparative Case Study on Hip Hop Culture among Germany, Korea and the USA  

Gerke, Sabrina (성균관대학교 예술학협동과정)
Baek, Seon-Gi (성균관대학교 신문방송학과)
Publication Information
Abstract
People are most commonly divided by their nationality, but that does not mean they share the same culture. Even for people from one cultural background, subcultures play an important role for diversity and identity, and popular music is one way to express them. This study analyzed 6 songs of the Hip Hop genre from the US, Germany and South Korea, with one song each from the time of first emergence of the term 'Hip Hop' and one song each from 2016, selected on the basis of popularity indicated by music record sales and specialist literature on the history of Hip Hop. Through semiotic analysis of early and recent Hip Hop in each country, the changes in popular Hip Hop over time were examined. The results of this study show that through standardization, Hip Hop in the three countries has superficially become more similar and more focused on the individual, but on a detailed level shows significant differences: while U.S. Hip Hop refers to the American Dream, German Hip Hop displays an extreme image of masculinity, and Korean Hip Hop deals with private thoughts. Although popular Hip Hop nowadays does not explicitly exercise social criticism it is still ascribed the symbolic significance of a rebellious and revolutionary cultural practice that can be used to criticize and change culture as well as society.
Keywords
Hip Hop; Subculture; Cultural Studies; Popular Music; Identity; Semiotics; Masculinity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 T. S. Brown, "Subcultures, Pop Music and Politics: Skinheads and "Nazi Rock" in England and Germany," Journal of Social History, Vol. 38, No. 1(Autumn, 2004), pp. 157-178, 2004.   DOI
2 J. Storey, Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction, Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group), 2015.
3 김봉현, 힙합: 블랙은 어떻게 세계를 점령했는가, 글항아리, 2014.
4 조수선, "국내 뮤직비디오에 나타난 성역할 고정관념: 노래 장르와 성별 차이를 중심으로," 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, Vol. 14, Issue.7, pp. 58-69, 2014.   DOI
5 J. Chang, Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation, Picador/St. Martin's Press, 2005.
6 S. G. Baek, News, Signs and Culture: A Semiotic Approach to Korean Media and its Ideological Meaning, Hanul, 2004.
7 김영대 외, 한국힙합: 열정의 발자취, 한울, 2008.
8 B. M Schmidt, "Durchbruch im Schwimmbad-Club," http://www.spiegel.de/einestages/alsder-hiphop-deutsch-lernte-a-949653.html
9 O. Wang (Ed.), Classical Material: The Hip-Hop Album Guide, ECW Press, 2003.
10 권상집, "한류 확산을 위한 CJ E&M의 디지털 및 글로컬 콘텐츠 전략," 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, Vol. 16, No. 12, pp. 78-90, 2016.   DOI
11 R. Barthes, Mythologies, The Noonday Press, 1991.
12 S. Hall and P. du Gay (Eds.), Questions of Cultural Identity, SAGE Publications Ltd, 1996.
13 H. Boyer, "Hip Hop in the United States," The Alert Collector, Vol. 55, Issue.3, pp. 215-218, 2016.
14 M. T. Kato, From Kung Fu to Hip Hop: Globalization, Revolution and Popular Culture, State University of New York Press, 2007.
15 A. J. Kruse, "Being Hip-Hop: Beyond Skills and Songs," General Music Today 2016, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 53-58, 2016.
16 D. Hebdige, Subculture: The Meaning of Style, Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group), 2002.
17 R. Williams, Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society (Revised Edition), Oxford University Press, 1983.
18 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/culture
19 A. Patten, "Rethinking Culture: The Social Lineage Account," The American Political Science Review, Vol. 105, No. 4, pp. 735-749, 2011(11).   DOI
20 R. Williams, "Culture is Ordinary," Resources of Hope: Culture, Democracy, Socialism, Verso, pp. 3-14, 1958.