• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of listening to music during musical activities on children's development of tone recognition and sense of rhythm. The subjects were total sixty 4-years-olds from two classes of thirty. The children were divided into two groups, experimental and control. Before the experimental procedures, a pre-test was taken to evaluate the level of tone recognition and sense of rhythm of the children. Cordon's 'Audie' was employed and used to measure the difference of tone recognition and sense of rhythm. Then, the activity of listening to music was applied to the experimental group for ten weeks. For the experimental group, the musical activity was selected based on the themes of our tfe which was related to the weekly and yearly teaching plan. One the other hand, no musical activity was provided for the control group. After the experiment, a post-test was carried out using the same methodology of pre-test. Data were analysed by ANCOVA test. Results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the development of tone recognition and sense of rhythm between the experimental group and the control group.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2009

본 논문은 P2P 서비스의 유로화를 효율적으로 수행하기 위해 필요한 음악 콘텐츠 유통 시스템을 제안한다. 제안 시스템은 콘텐츠 식별 방법, 저작권 DB 관리 방법, 요금 결제 방법 및 정산 방법 등을 제공한다. 일반적인 디지털 음악상품 유통 시스템에서는 운영자가 판매되는 음악 콘텐츠를 제공하지만, P2P의 경우는 사용자들이 음악 콘텐츠를 제공한다. 따라서 운영자가 유통되는 콘텐츠가 무엇인지 명확히 식별하는 것이 매우 어렵다. 일반적으로 콘텐츠 식별을 위해서는 해시를 사용하는 경우와 콘텐츠 식별 기술을 사용하는데, 본 논문에서는 해시 기술 및 콘텐츠 식별기술을 융합하여 두 기술의 장점만을 활용함으로써 해시의 처리 속도와 콘텐츠 식별 기술의 편리함을 동시에 제공한다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2015

본 논문은 자동으로 분류된 음악 신호의 감정을 기반으로 하는 음악 검색 의 성능을 분석하였다. 음성, 영상 등의 다른 미디어 신호와 마찬가지로 음악은 인간에게 특정한 감정을 불러일으킬 수 있다. 이러한 감정은 사람들이 음악을 검색할 때 중요한 고려요소가 될 수 있다. 그렇지만 아직까지 음악의 감정을 직접 인식하여 음악 검색을 수행하고 성능을 검증한 경우는 거의 없었다. 본 논문에서는 음악 감정을 표현하는 주요한 세 축인 유발성, 활성, 긴장 과 기본 5대 감정인 행복, 슬픔, 위안, 분노, 불안의 정도를 구하고, 그 값들의 유사도를 기반으로 음악 검색을 수행하였다. 장르와 가수 데이터셋에서 실험을 수행하였다. 제안된 감정 기반 음악 검색 성능은 기존의 특징 기반 방법의 성능에 대비해서 최대 75 % 수준의 검색 정확도를 보였다. 또한 특징 기반 방법을 제안된 감정 기반 방법과 병합할 경우 최대 14 % 검색 성능 향상을 이룰 수 있었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2008

악보인식기술에는 형상 매칭 방법, 통계적인 방법, 신경망을 이용한 방법, 구조적 방법 등이 있다. 본 논문에서는 핸드폰의 디지털 카메라로 얻은 저해상도 이미지를 인식하는 기술에 대해 접근한다. 이러한 저해상도 이미지에는 많은 왜곡이 포함되어 있어 기존 기술을 활용할 때 많은 문제점들을 나타난다. 문제점은 입력영상이 저해상도이며 조명 등의 촬영 상태가 좋지 않는 점이며, 인식 이전 단계 과정에서 음표 부분에 손실과 약간의 변형이 생긴다는 것이다. 이들 인식 방법들의 일반적인 흐름은 먼저, 디지털이미지를 확보하기 위해 카메라 기능을 이용하여 획득한다. 그런 후에 이진화, 오선 제거, 객체영역 분리가 이루어진 후 인식과정을 통해 악보 인식이 이루어진다. 본 연구에서는 특히 핸드폰이라는 제한적인 상황에서 탑재된 카메라를 통해 획득된 이미지를 대상으로 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위한 인식 기술을 연구하였다. 먼저, 음표를 머리, 대, 꼬리 부분으로 분리하였다. 그리고 음표의 머리 부분에 템플릿을 적용하였고, 나머지 부분에는 패턴을 적용하여 단일 음표로 이루어진 악보에 대해서 100% 가까운 인식률을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제62호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2007

In this paper, we carried out recognition experiments for noisy speech having various levels of car noise and output of an audio system using the speech interface. The speech interface consists of three parts: pre-processing, acoustic echo canceller, post-processing. First, a high pass filter is employed as a pre-processing part to remove some engine noises. Then, an echo canceller implemented by using an FIR-type filter with an NLMS adaptive algorithm is used to remove the music or speech coming from the audio system in a car. As a last part, the MMSE-STSA based speech enhancement method is applied to the out of the echo canceller to remove the residual noise further. For recognition experiments, we generated test signals by adding music to the car noisy speech from Aurora 2 database. The HTK-based continuous HMM system is constructed for a recognition system. Experimental results show that the proposed speech interface is very promising for robust speech recognition in a noisy car environment.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.192-195
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• 2008

People have tendency of forgetting music title, though they easily remember particular part of music. If a music search system can find the title through a part of melody, this will provide very convenient interface to users. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that enables this type of search using feature transformation function. The original music is transformed to new feature information with sequential melodies. When a melody that is a part of search music is given to the system, the music retrieval system searches the music similar to the feature information of the melody. Moreover, this transformation function can be easily extended to various music recognition systems.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.838-843
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• 2021

This paper presents an algorithm for effective retrieval of score information to an input score image. The originality of the proposed algorithm is that it is designed to be robust to recognition errors by an OMR (Optical Music Recognition), while existing methods such as pitch histogram requires error induced OMR result be corrected before retrieval process. This approach helps people to retrieve score without training on music score for error correction. OMR takes a score image as input, recognizes musical symbols, and produces structural symbolic notation of the score as output, for example, in MusicXML format. Among the musical symbols on a score, it is observed that filled noteheads are rarely detected with errors with its simple black filled round shape for OMR processing. Barlines that separate measures also strong to OMR errors with its long uniform length vertical line characteristic. The proposed algorithm consists of a descriptor for a score and a similarity measure between a query score and a reference score. The descriptor is based on note-count, the number of filled noteheads in a measure. Each part of a score is represented by a sequence of note-count numbers. The descriptor is an n-gram sequence of the note-count sequence. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm works successfully to a certain degree in score image-based retrieval for an erroneous OMR output.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.180-190
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Although many studies have evaluated the effect of the digital noise reduction (DNR) algorithm of hearing aids (HAs) on speech recognition, there are few studies on the effect of DNR on music perception. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of DNR on music, in addition to speech perception, using objective and subjective measurements. Subjects and Methods: Sixteen HA users participated in this study (58.00±10.44 years; 3 males and 13 females). The objective assessment of speech and music perception was based on the Korean version of the Clinical Assessment of Music Perception test and word and sentence recognition scores. Meanwhile, for the subjective assessment, the quality rating of speech and music as well as self-reported HA benefits were evaluated. Results: There was no improvement conferred with DNR of HAs on the objective assessment tests of speech and music perception. The pitch discrimination at 262 Hz in the DNR-off condition was better than that in the unaided condition (p=0.024); however, the unaided condition and the DNR-on conditions did not differ. In the Korean music background questionnaire, responses regarding ease of communication were better in the DNR-on condition than in the DNR-off condition (p=0.029). Conclusions: Speech and music perception or sound quality did not improve with the activation of DNR. However, DNR positively influenced the listener's subjective listening comfort. The DNR-off condition in HAs may be beneficial for pitch discrimination at some frequencies.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.180-190
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Although many studies have evaluated the effect of the digital noise reduction (DNR) algorithm of hearing aids (HAs) on speech recognition, there are few studies on the effect of DNR on music perception. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of DNR on music, in addition to speech perception, using objective and subjective measurements. Subjects and Methods: Sixteen HA users participated in this study (58.00±10.44 years; 3 males and 13 females). The objective assessment of speech and music perception was based on the Korean version of the Clinical Assessment of Music Perception test and word and sentence recognition scores. Meanwhile, for the subjective assessment, the quality rating of speech and music as well as self-reported HA benefits were evaluated. Results: There was no improvement conferred with DNR of HAs on the objective assessment tests of speech and music perception. The pitch discrimination at 262 Hz in the DNR-off condition was better than that in the unaided condition (p=0.024); however, the unaided condition and the DNR-on conditions did not differ. In the Korean music background questionnaire, responses regarding ease of communication were better in the DNR-on condition than in the DNR-off condition (p=0.029). Conclusions: Speech and music perception or sound quality did not improve with the activation of DNR. However, DNR positively influenced the listener's subjective listening comfort. The DNR-off condition in HAs may be beneficial for pitch discrimination at some frequencies.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.2273-2276
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• 2009

요즘 부모들이 유아들의 음악 교육에 대해서 관심이 많아지면서, 유아들이 능동적으로 음악을 즐길 수 있도록 지원하는 시스템이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 실시간 손 인식 기법을 이용한 건반 연주 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 유아들이 쉽게 사용할 수 있도록, 종이 건반위에서 손가락을 움직이기만 하면 음원이 재생되어 연주하는 환경을 제공한다. 그리고, 제안하는 시스템은 연주에 필요한 비용을 최소화하기 위해서, 보급형 컴퓨터와 종이건반, 웹 카메라, 스피커만을 이용한다. 또한, 효율적이고 정확하게 건반과 손가락을 인식하기 위해서, 건반 인식 단계와 손가락 인식 단계를 구분한다. 건반 인식 단계에서는 건반을 구성하는 검정색과 흰색만 고려하여 건반을 인식하고, 손가락 인식단계에서 는 피부색만 고려하여 손가락을 인식한다.