• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.91-95
• /
• 2011

느타리버섯은 가장 중요한 식용버섯 중 하나이다. 느타리버섯은 Pseudomonas tolaasii에 의한 세균성 갈변병에 매우 감수성이므로, 저항성 품종을 만들기 위한 노력의 하나로 누에에서 분리된 항 세균성 단백질인 누에신을 느타리버섯에서 과발현시키고자 하였다. 누에신 cDNA는 여름 느타리버섯의 ${\beta}$-tubulin 프로모터에 결합되어 pTRura3-2 vector와 함께 우라실 영양요구성 돌연변이 균주에 형질전환되었다. 누에신 cDNA가 형질전환된 느타리버섯을 genomic PCR과 Southern blot을 통하여 분리할 수가 있었으며, 이들 중 3개의 형질전환체가 누에신 유전자를 발현시킴을 확인하였다. 그러나 이들 형질전환체들에서 누에신 단백질을 검출할 수 없었으며, 또한 항 세균 효과도 확인할 수 없었다. 이들 결과는 형질전환기술을 이용한 병 저항성 개발 가능성을 보여주고 있다.

• 현장농수산연구지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.135-148
• /
• 2019

큰느타리버섯은 한국에서 상업적으로 가장 중요한 버섯 중 하나로, 자실체 생육과 병 발생 여부는 온도, 습도 및 이산화탄소(CO₂) 농도와 환경 조건에 민감하다. 본 연구에서는 버섯 재배 환경 개선을 목적으로 공기정화장치인 에어로사이드를 설치하여 큰느타리버섯의 생육환경 변화를 조사하였고, 병 발생 및 분리된 병원균을 동정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 에어로사이드의 가동으로 생육실의 이산화탄소 농도가 평균 400 ppm 이상 높아졌으나, 이 수준의 이산화탄소 농도의 증가는 버섯 자실체 형태나 생육에 미치는 영향은 거의 없었다. 2. 에어로사이드의 가동은 생육실의 공중습도를 감소시키는 경향이 있어 더 많은 가습을 요구하였다. 3. 가습 조건에서 에어로사이드의 가동은 세균의 종류와 밀도를 낮추는 효과가 있고, 버섯 자실체에 세균성 병징이나 기형 버섯 발생 등을 감소시키는 효과가 있었다. 4. 버섯 병원균인 Pseudomonas sp.는 대부분 에어로사이드를 설치하지 않은 생육실에서 분리되었고, 약 83%의 배지에서만 정상적인 자실체의 수확이 가능할 정도로, 심각한 병해와 수량 감소를 초래하였다. 5. 에어로사이드를 설치한 생육실에서는 세균과 곰팡이로 인한 병해가 거의 발생하지 않았다. 6. Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp.와 Cladosporium sp.는 모든 실험구에서 분리되었으나, 자실체 생육 저해나 병해를 일으키지 않았다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제58권4호
• /
• pp.349-354
• /
• 2015

Brown blotch disease in cultivated mushrooms is caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii, which secretes a lipodepsipeptide, tolaasin. Tolaasin is a pore-forming toxin in the cell membranes, thus destroying the fruiting body structure of mushroom. In this study, we isolated pathogenic bacteria from mushrooms that had symptoms of brown blotch disease. In order to identify these bacteria, their 16S rRNA genes were sequenced and analyzed. Pathogenic bacteria identified as Pseudomonas species were thirty five and classified into five subgroups: P1 to P5. Each subgroup showed different metabolic profile measured by API 20NE kit. Fifty percent of the bacteria were identified as P. tolaasii (P1 subgroup). All five subgroups caused the formation of brown blotches on mushroom tissues and the optimum temperature was 25oC, indicating that they may be able to secrete causal factors, such as tolaasin and similar peptide toxins. These results show that there are at least five different pathogenic Pseudomonas species as blotch-causing bacteria and, therefore, strains from the P2 to P5 subgroups should be also considered and studied as pathogens in order to improve the quality and yield of mushroom production.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.323-329
• /
• 2016

큰느타리버섯(Pleurotus eryngii) 수확 후 배지(spent mushroom substrate, SMS)의 물 추출액(WESMS)을 처리한 토마토 식물체는 토마토 풋마름병을 70% 이상 억제하였으며 페놀 성분(3%)과 salicylic acid 함량이 증가되었다. 또한 큰느타리 WESMS 처리 토마토는, 초장, 엽폭, 입장, 입수, 줄기와 뿌리 생체량 등에서 물 처리 및 큰느타리버섯 배지만을 사용한 대조군에 비하여 높은 생육 촉진 효과를 보였다. 이는 큰느타리 WESMS가 병 저항성유도와 생육촉진의 토마토 복합기능성으로 환경친화적 풋마름병 방제에 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.311-318
• /
• 2015

Culture filtrates of six different edible mushroom species were screened for antimicrobial activity against tomato wilt bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum B3. Hericium erinaceus, Lentinula edodes (Sanjo 701), Grifola frondosa, and Hypsizygus marmoreus showed antibacterial activity against the bacteria. Water, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of H. erinaceus exhibited high antibacterial activity against different phytopathogenic bacteria: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, R. solanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, X. axonopodis pv. citiri, and X. axonopodis pv. glycine. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that water extracts of SMS (WESMS) of H. erinaceus induced expressions of plant defense genes encoding ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase (GluA) and pathogenesis-related protein-1a (PR-1a), associated with systemic acquired resistance. Furthermore, WESMS also suppressed tomato wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum by 85% in seedlings and promoted growth (height, leaf number, and fresh weight of the root and shoot) of tomato plants. These findings suggest the WESMS of H. erinaceus has the potential to suppress bacterial wilt disease of tomato through multiple effects including antibacterial activity, plant growth promotion, and defense gene induction.

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2015

큰느타리 (Pleurotus eryngii), 표고 (Lentinula edodes ), 노루궁뎅이 (Hericium erinaceus ) 버섯 수확 후 배지 (spent mushroom substrate, SMS) 물 추출액(SMSE)의 고추생장촉진과 고추역병균 억제효과를 조사하였다. 큰느타리버섯, 표고버섯 및 노루궁뎅이버섯 SMSE는 유묘생장시에 잎폭, 잎장, 초장, 절간, 절수 등에서 대조구에 비하여 모두 11~41%로 평균 20% 이상의 높은 생육효과가 있었으며 잎수에서는 거의 1.5배 높게 나타났다. 노루궁뎅이 SMSE혼합 PDA배지는 고추역병균사 성장을 거의 99-100% 억제하였다. 큰느타리, 표고버섯 및 노루궁뎅이 SMSE는 고추역병에 대하여 각각 25%, 65% 75%이상의 방제효과를 보였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.472-481
• /
• 2022

Brown blotch disease, caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii, is one of the most serious diseases in mushroom cultivation, and its control remains an important issue. This study isolated and evaluated pathogen-specific bacteriophages for the biological control of the disease. In previous studies, 23 varieties of P. tolaasii were isolated from infected mushrooms with disease symptoms and classified into three subtypes, Ptα, Ptβ, and Ptγ, based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis and pathogenic characters. In this study, 42 virulent bacteriophages were isolated against these pathogens and tested for their host range. Some phages could lyse more than two pathogens only within the corresponding subtype, and no phage exhibited a wide host range across different pathogen subtypes. To eliminate all pathogens of the Ptα, Ptβ, and Ptγ subtype, corresponding phages of one, six, and one strains were required, respectively. These phages were able to suppress the disease completely, as confirmed by the field-scale on-farm cultivation experiments. These results suggested that a cocktail of these eight phages is sufficient to control the disease induced by all 23 P. tolaasii pathogens. Additionally, the antibacterial effect of this phage cocktail persisted in the second cycle of mushroom growth on the cultivation bed.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 2012

Four Cladobotryum isolates were collected from four different commercially grown mushroom types infected with cobweb disease in Cheongdo-gun and Chilgok-gun of Gyeongbuk Province, Korea in 2010. The isolates were identified as C. mycophilum from Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus eryngii, C. varium from Flammulina velutipes and Hypsizygus marmoreus. The cultural characteristics of the four isolates were investigated using potato dextrose agar (PDA) media under nine different temperatures ranging from $5{\sim}32^{\circ}C$. Rapid growth of the isolates to colony diameters of 47~82 mm was observed at conditions of $18{\sim}22^{\circ}C$. No growth was observed at $32^{\circ}C$. C. mycophilum produced a yellowish red pigment while C. varium produced a cream colored pigment after cultivation for 25 days on PDA. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region and partial 28S rDNA from the four isolates confirmed they were C. mycophilum and C. varium. Cross pathogenicity tests revealed that the two isolates of C. mycophilum were highly pathogenic toward three mushroom types, but not toward H. marmoreus. The two isolates of C. varium were less pathogenic than those of C. mycophilum, but were pathogenic toward all mushroom types evaluated.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 1998

A DNA fragment which is involved in tolassin production was cloned to obtain a molecular marker of Pseudomonas tolaasii, a casual agent of bacterial brown blotch disease of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Tolaasin is a lipodepsipeptide toxin and known as a primary disease determinant of the P. tolaasii. It is responsible for formation of white line in agar when P. tolaasii were cultured against white line reacting organisms (WLROs). White line negative mutants (WL-) were generated by conjugation between rifampicin resistant strain of P. tolaasii and E. coli carrying suicidal plasmid pSUP2021 : : Tn5. The ability of tolaasin production of the WL- mutants was examined by hemolysis test, pathogenicity test, and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of culture filtrate. All of the WL- mutants were lost the ability of tolaasin production (Tol-). Genomic library of the Tol- mutant was constructed in pLAFR3 and the cosmid clone containing Tn5 was selected. DNA fragment fro franking region of Tn5 was cloned from the plasmid and used as a probe in Southern blot. DNA-DNA hybridization with the probe to total DNA from group of bacteria ecologically similar to P. tolaasii including WLORs, fluorescent Pseudomonads isolated from oyster mushroom, P. agarici, P. gingeri, and some of other species of Psedomonas showed that some of the tested bacteria do not have any hybridized band and others have bands sowing RFLP. The cloned DNA fragment or its nucleotide sequence will be useful in detection and identification of the P. tolaasii.

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2004

느타리버섯재배에서 심각한 피해를 주고 있는 푸른곰팡이병을 억제하고 버섯균사의 생장을 촉진하여 버섯의 안정생산을 도모하기 위한 탄산칼슘의 처리효과를 실내 및 실외시험을 실시한 결과. PDA배지에서의 $CaCO_3$의 처리는 버섯균의 균사생장을 촉진하고, 병원균은 억제되었으며, 볏짚배지상의 $CaCO_3$의 처리에서는 버섯균은 무처리에 비하여 균사생장이 증가되었으며, 병원균 대체적으로 0.6%의 처리까지는 증가되나 0.8%처리부터는 감소되는 경향을 나타냈다. 컬럼 내의 볏짚배지에서의 Trichoderma longibrachiatum의 접종구에서는 $CaCO_3$의 처리효과가 있었으나 T. virens의 접종구에서는 $CaCO_3$의 효과가 없었다. $CaCO_3$의 처리에 따른 느타리버섯 품종간의 균사생장의 차이는 없었다. $CaCO_3$는 처리에 따라 느타리버섯의 균사생장은 촉진하고 푸른곰팡이병원균과 붉은빵곰팡이균에 대해 약간의 억제 능력은 인정되었다. 포장시험 결과 수량성은 무처리구에 비하여 높으며, 발병율은 낮은 경향이나 절대적인 방제효과는 없었다.