• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.19
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• pp.83-98
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• 2018

Most preceding studies on museum lighting have focused mainly on illuminance, however this study examines diverse lighting characteristics, including illuminance, luminance, color temperature, and color rendering to allow a more objective evaluation of museum lighting. In particular, issues with existing museum lighting were examined through visual measurement to find an appropriate condition complying with museum lighting standards while providing a pleasant lighting experience for visitors. Although the top priority of museum lighting is to safely protect collections on display, lighting that takes into consideration luminance, color temperature and color randition will allow more effective appreciation as well as safe conservation of the exhibits.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.13-20
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• 2014

Museums have developed various needs of the visitors and exhibits over the past two centuries. Currently, they have multiple functions of display, conservation, research and public education about artworks and cultural events. Therefore, exhibits should be displayed in various ways so that visitors can feel inter-relations with exhibits. The exhibition areas of museums should be provided with the stable lighting environment for visitors and artworks. For the study, I selected four museums, which were the Seoul Museum, the Mimesis Art Museum, the Seoul Museum of Art in Nowon and the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in Gwacheon, and I measured illumination levels of the selected Museums, and then, I surveyed the visitors' responses on the lighting conditions of them. According to the results, the measurements of the illumination levels in the four museums showed that the illumination levels of them were effectively controlled to display the art works. However, the illuminance levels at some areas that drew the natural light as lighting source were much higher than recommended illumination values for museum. In the mean time, the answers of questionnaires showed that the natural light were so effective to light the museums although the natural light provided some areas with high illumination levels.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.37-46
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• 2015

Lighting in a fashion shop has an effect on customers, highlights the products on the shelf, and has become more important. Even though lighting has a significant effect on customers, the studies on fashion shop lighting have primarily focused on how to create lighting which can influence customers' purchase behavior, and their awareness and expectation. On the contrary, it's been hard to find a study on a quantified fashion shop lighting plan considering customer confidence. In a current fashion shop lighting plan, display lighting is planned indiscreetly. Therefore, this study conducted an investigation of the light environment of the current fashion shop and museum exhibits lighting. Through such processes, the possibility of applying fashion store display lighting environments was investigated. Finally, for the assessment of museum exhibitions lighting applying fashion store display lighting environments, a subjective evaluation method using light simulation was proposed.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.9
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Influence of lighting for exhibition normally used in museum on discoloration of relics and weakening of materials was reviewed, and influence of currently used lightings discoloration of dyed Korean paper similar to relic and change of material quality was directly tested. There were small differences in influence made on dyed Korean paper according to exhibition lighting, and based on these differences, method to select lighting safer for relics were explored. As a result of testing 4 types of fluorescent lamps, one lamp of them showed little influence on discoloration and change of material quality, which is judged to be proper for use in museum.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.18
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• pp.65-76
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• 2017

Following advances in technology and with the growing need for renewable energy, fluorescent and halogen lamps are being replaced by LED lighting in museum systems. This paper researched the setting of standards for the diverse lighting systems in addition to the LED lighting that are expected to be introduced in museums in the future. Contrary to previous belief, LEDs were shown to only barely emit in the ultraviolet region, but the visible rays were confirmed to produce discoloration depending on illuminance-hours. When the color change by LED lamps at the color temperature of 2800K, or warm white, was compared with 5500K, or white, the emission spectrum analysis confirmed that the blue spike increased at a higher color temperature and caused more discoloration. This suggests that in addition to illumination, color temperature should be considered by including the emission spectrum when museums set lighting environment standards.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.188-199
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• 2019

In this study, research trends were investigated by examining important academic research on museum lighting that has been carried out in Korea over the past 30 years. The aim was to highlight important studies conducted in Korea on material deterioration caused by museum lighting and to examine the current status of research on LED light sources to provide direction for future research. The ultimate goal of studies on museum lighting is to improve the long-term conservation effects, and this study examined the latest light sources of each era. Prior to the 1990s, the effects of light sources on relics were assessed by investigating incandescent light bulbs and fluorescent lamps, the first museum exhibition lighting. Then in the 1990s, the introduction of halogen lamps and HID lamps led to the analysis of the characteristics of a light source itself and the introduction of illumination standards. In the 2000s, the lighting environment of museums was investigated based on the characteristics of the light sources that had been studied, and in terms of preservation, research was conducted not only to improve the conservation of relics but also to improve the sentiments of visitors. After 2010, LED lamps were introduced; therefore, material deterioration studies on LED lamps were expanded. During this period, enhancements to LED light sources were made, such as reducing the blue spike area and increasing color rendering. With the development of lighting used in museums and art galleries, the direction of the display preservation criteria has led to the need to prepare advanced standards, covering all aspects from the center of illumination to the consideration of the color of an object and the speed of radiation from the light source. Regular studies of museum lighting in a long-term perspective should be planned to standardize the more advanced conditions of material discoloration.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.37-47
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• 1996

An appropriate lighting standard for the museum is needed to minimize the deterioration of the exhibits by the light and to increase the ease of perception of visitors. To make the standard, museum lighting recommendations of several countries were analyzed. Using measured color change characteristics of Korean traditional artifacts, illuminance-hours for the artifacts with noticeable color change were calculated for various light sources, and the artifacts were classified into ISO levels. Considerations for making lighting standard and the proceedings to make a decision for the considerations were described. Finally, lighting standard which can be applicable to Korean museum was presented.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.17
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• pp.123-160
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• 1996

There have been many studies and experiments regarding exhibition lighting. Many experiments on photochemical damaging effect and visibility resulted in a practice limited to assigning light levels and adjusting annual exposure time. The three damaging factors to the artifacts are intrinsicsusceptibility to absorb radiant energy, spectral distribution of light source and intensity of illumination and time of exposure. Dividing all the artfacts into three categories to suggest a recommended illuminance level causes some problems. Blue wool, for example, used as the reference material for susceptibility, is not a standard material representing museum artifacts. In the most light sensitive category, ISO class I or anything below have been excluded. The exposure time of one soure can be three times more than another sourece. The spectral distribution of the light source and the relative spectral responsibility of the artifact are not considered in the practice. So in case of very light sensitive material, the recommended illuminance is only the referring value and it is indispensable to check the characteristic of susceptibility of each artifacts. Daylighting is prevailing method to solve the psychological need of the visitors. However, it sould transparent, and should not diffused, and the green-house effect must be considered. llluminance uniformity should based on the maximum illuminance to handle the limitation of exposure for the conservation of a large sensitive object such as a painting. Damage index is not absolute reference for selecting the lighting source because it is experimented from the paper of low grade then calculated. Visibility should be increased by reducing the visual noiseand by planning of appropriate luminance contrast. This paper reviews the problems with the previous studies and experiment sand the current exhibition lighting design practice. The plan for museum showcase lighting is to check the susceptibility and to raise the visibility simultaneously.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

Museum storage area is one of the most important places because collections are central to museums. However it is often misunderstood and treated as the storage areas of general office buildings md factories. In this paper, lighting design factors for museum storage areas are reviewed, and illuminance values for the various storage areas of the KS and the other countries＇are compared and discussed in consideration of collections＇ management and conservation. And paying our due regard to collections management it is found that the standard illuminance value for museum storage area of the KS is lower than those of the other storage places. Therefore it is raised to 200［㏓］and supplementary lighting which can be controlled separatedly should be provided to increase the illuminance of task lighting.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.190-201
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to consider the correlational factors of space sections based on the fact the exhibition space plays an important role as a medium of displaying art works. And an another purpose is to investigate the characteristics of various types of exhibition unite space from which In intend to suggest basic sources of exhibition design. I classified domestic and foreign museum which are chosen as objects of study according to form and shape of a section plan. Then comparing exhibition space's form and scale exhibited genre lighting system layout composition display and its correlation with an already established thesis on museum architecture I will infer the characteristics of each type of a space. From these studies proper display conditions requested at the museum are different from the genre and property of the exhibited objects. And lighting system display angel of view and appreciation type affect the exhibition area. The shape of space classifies types of section which cause space's characteristics.