• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1 s.114
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• pp.48-58
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• 2006

The increasing complexity of design disciplines expects new theoretical contribution to re-examine the territory of their own practice. The ambition of this paper is to theorize the possibilities of trans-disciplinary landscape architecture with the following three perspectives. First, it traces the canonical influence of Picturesque aesthetics as an agency to confirm the trans-disciplinary work at around-Olmsted period. Second, it investigates the evolving role of collaboration in contemporary Dutch landscape architectural context with the comparison to American modernist approaches to legitimate the trans-disciplinary mechanism. Third, it articulates three series of 'The-Idea-of-Nature' and the trans-disciplinary productions derived from each idea within a theoretical terrain of landscape architecture. And eventually, the author proposes 'multiplicity' of nature, replacing conventional concept of singular nature, to mobilize the location of this discipline and to project the possibility of new core ground beyond the existing theoretical gravity.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.103-114
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• 2021

A conceptual model can be used to manage complexity in both the design and implementation phases of the system development life cycle. Such a model requires a firm grasp of the abstract principles on which a system is based, as well as an understanding of the high-level nature of the representation of entities and processes. In this context, models can have distinct architectural characteristics. This paper discusses model multiplicity (e.g., unified modeling language [UML]), model singularity (e.g., object-process methodology [OPM], thinging machine [TM]), and a heterogeneous model that involves multiplicity and singularity. The basic idea of model multiplicity is that it is not possible to present all views in a single representation, so a number of models are used, with each model representing a different view. The model singularity approach uses only a single unified model that assimilates its subsystems into one system. This paper is concerned with current approaches, especially in software engineering texts, where multimodal UML is introduced as the general-purpose modeling language (i.e., UML is modeling). In such a situation, we suggest raising the issue of multiplicity versus singularity in modeling. This would foster a basic appreciation of the UML advantages and difficulties that may be faced during modeling, especially in the educational setting. Furthermore, we advocate the claim that a multiplicity of views does not necessitate a multiplicity of models. The model singularity approach can represent multiple views (static, behavior) without resorting to a collection of multiple models with various notations. We present an example of such a model where the static representation is developed first. Then, the dynamic view and behavioral representations are built by incorporating a decomposition strategy interleaved with the notion of time.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.125-146
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• 2011

Within a framework of sociocultural approaches to writing process, this study examined six ESL graduate students' writing processes in depth based on individual interviews and their narratives of writing process. The narratives and interviews were analyzed to discover salient aspects of the students' writing processes and to understand the socially situated nature of the writing processes. First, it was observed that these six students displayed multiplicity in terms of their representations of writing process, episodes, textual practices, and concerns. Several factors including the writing task, students' familiarity with genre, literacy skills, attitude toward writing, and involvement in interaction contributed to individualized trajectories of writing process. It was also revealed that writing is unavoidably a socially situated practice. Students were situated in their cultural arenas as well as their disciplinary arenas, and these contexts helped the students serve as active agents producing and sharing knowledge. The confluence of personal, cognitive, and social factors observed in their writing processes suggests that writing process should be understood from multiple perspectives.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.42-53
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to obtain basic data for constructing a modeling practice program integrated with meta-modeling knowledge by analyzing the cognition level for each meta-modeling knowledge components through modeling practice in the context of the chemistry discipline content. A chemistry teacher conducted inquiry-based modeling practice including anomalous phenomena for 16 students in the second year of a science gifted school, and in order to analyze the cognition level for each of the three meta-modeling knowledge components such as model variability, model multiplicity, and modeling process, the inquiry notes recorded by the students and observation note recorded by the researcher were used for analysis. The recognition level was classified from 0 to 3 levels. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the cognition level of the modeling process was the highest and the cognition level of the multiplicity of the model was the lowest. The cause of the low recognitive level of model variability is closely related to students' perception of conceptual models as objective facts. The cause of the low cognitive level of model multiplicity has to do with the belief that there can only be one correct model for a given phenomenon. Students elaborated conceptual models using symbolic models such as chemical symbols, but lacked recognition of the importance of data interpretation affecting the entire modeling process. It is necessary to introduce preliminary activities that can explicitly guide the nature of the model, and guide the importance of data interpretation through specific examples. Training to consider and verify the acceptability of the proposed model from a different point of view than mine should be done through a modeling practice program.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.239-252
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine metamodeling knowledge and its components, which means knowledge about model and modeling required for students and teachers for successful application of modeling in the field of science education based on research literature. For this, we analyzed and categorized major previous studies on modeling and modeling through research literature methods. Metamodeling knowledge aims to recognize models and modeling and is the most crucial element to create a scientific model in scientific modeling practice. The point of view of metamodeling knowledge proposed in this study is categorize nature of model, multiplicity of model, purpose of model, modeling process, and evaluation and revision of model. Students should be able to achieve more in-depth understanding through the awareness of the nature of the model. The development of metamodeling knowledge can facilitate students' science learning.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.45-55
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• 2005

The cubist collagists proposed radically different ideas about the nature of order, and about the nature of artistic space. The collage substitutes an order which is constructed on relationships for the more rigid order of traditional art. Collage presents new theories of communication with the viewer, of relationships and of signs. This paper is an investigation of these ideas and how they have been applied to Mies Van der Rohe's making of architecture: Barcelona Pavilion and Tugendhat house. Collage in Mies' works has been executed in a limited manner. In Mies' works, one can begin to recognize some basic traits of collage. Textures, forms, and fragments begin to interact with each other and exploit those principles of contrast and juxtaposition that give collage a value as an expressive medium. Many of the formal aspects of collage are readily apparent in much of the work which we see around use today, but we should look at the attitudes and beliefs upon which collage is built for a further understanding of how its principles can be applied.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.4843-4847
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• 2015

To date, cytotoxic effects of flavonoids in various cancer cells are well accepted. However, the intracellular signaling cascades triggered by these natural compounds remain largely unknown and elusive. In this mini-review, the multiplicity of molecular targets of flavonoids in blood cancer cells is discussed by demonstrating the involvement of various signaling pathways in induction of apoptotic responses. Although these data reveal a great potential of flavonoids for the development of novel agents against different types of hematological malignancies, the pleiotropic nature of these compounds in modulation of cellular processes and their interactions certainly need unraveling and further investigation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1990

The pressure to develop new agricultural technologies will be roughly proportional to the rate of depletion of natural resources employed in agriculture. Of these resources, land, water and gentic resources are critical. The development of agriculture is associated with a scientific and technological establishment, of remarkable capability ; responding rapidly to many problems encountered by the agricultural production. These advantages are also coupled with constraints. Agricultural systems are concerned with the efficient conversion of resources into products that are wanted by the producer or someone else who is prepared to pay for them. They are based on biological processes, but they are operated by the people for a multiplicity of purposes. Study of agricultural systems is aimed at helping in the operation of systems, their repair or their improvement. The future concerns of agriculture will center on (1) increasing and safeguarding the supplies of productive inputs to agriculture, (2) improving the efficiency with which these inputs are used in food production, (3) developing new sources of basic food materials, and (4) coping with the external costs that tend to appear in intensive, mechanized agriculture.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.25-41
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• 2009

Louis I. Kahn is cleary one of 20th century great architects. The character of his philosophy of architecture can be condensed as simple words; Architectural Essence, because the very nature of his work based on historicity is so fundamental. Some contemporary architects and architectural critics regard it as a symbol of Post-Modern Architecture era expressing relative multiplicity or an expression of Heideggerian existentialism, but others do as the attribute of fundamentalist like absolute Plato's Idea. Comparing the former, studies of the latter theme have been executed superficially and somewhat biasedly for last decades. In the context, this paper attempt to reanalyze Kahn's idea of 'Architectural Essence' with the deep view of Platonist focused on the concept of binary opposition and causality.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 2003

Cr (Ⅵ) - containing compounds are well-established carcinogens, although the mechanism for chromium - induced carcinogenesis is still not well understood. The reduction of Cr (Ⅵ) to its lower oxidation states, par ticularly Cr (V) and Cr (IV), is an important step for the production of chromium-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS). The persistent oxidative stress during the reduction process may play a key role in the mechanism of Cr (Ⅵ) -induced carcinogenesis. This paper summarizes recent studies on (1) the reduction of Cr (Ⅵ) to Cr (III) occur by a multiplicity of mechanisms depending on the nature of reducing agents including ascorbate, diol-and thiol-containing molecules, certain flavoenzymes, cell organelles, intact cells, and whole animals; (2) free-radical production with emphasis on hydroxy radical generation via Fenton or Haber-Weiss type reactions; and (3) free radical - induced cellular damage, such at DNA strand breaks, hydroxylation of 2'-deoxyguanosine, and activation of nuclear transcription factor kB.