• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2006

The increasing complexity of design disciplines expects new theoretical contribution to re-examine the territory of their own practice. The ambition of this paper is to theorize the possibilities of trans-disciplinary landscape architecture with the following three perspectives. First, it traces the canonical influence of Picturesque aesthetics as an agency to confirm the trans-disciplinary work at around-Olmsted period. Second, it investigates the evolving role of collaboration in contemporary Dutch landscape architectural context with the comparison to American modernist approaches to legitimate the trans-disciplinary mechanism. Third, it articulates three series of 'The-Idea-of-Nature' and the trans-disciplinary productions derived from each idea within a theoretical terrain of landscape architecture. And eventually, the author proposes 'multiplicity' of nature, replacing conventional concept of singular nature, to mobilize the location of this discipline and to project the possibility of new core ground beyond the existing theoretical gravity.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2021

A conceptual model can be used to manage complexity in both the design and implementation phases of the system development life cycle. Such a model requires a firm grasp of the abstract principles on which a system is based, as well as an understanding of the high-level nature of the representation of entities and processes. In this context, models can have distinct architectural characteristics. This paper discusses model multiplicity (e.g., unified modeling language [UML]), model singularity (e.g., object-process methodology [OPM], thinging machine [TM]), and a heterogeneous model that involves multiplicity and singularity. The basic idea of model multiplicity is that it is not possible to present all views in a single representation, so a number of models are used, with each model representing a different view. The model singularity approach uses only a single unified model that assimilates its subsystems into one system. This paper is concerned with current approaches, especially in software engineering texts, where multimodal UML is introduced as the general-purpose modeling language (i.e., UML is modeling). In such a situation, we suggest raising the issue of multiplicity versus singularity in modeling. This would foster a basic appreciation of the UML advantages and difficulties that may be faced during modeling, especially in the educational setting. Furthermore, we advocate the claim that a multiplicity of views does not necessitate a multiplicity of models. The model singularity approach can represent multiple views (static, behavior) without resorting to a collection of multiple models with various notations. We present an example of such a model where the static representation is developed first. Then, the dynamic view and behavioral representations are built by incorporating a decomposition strategy interleaved with the notion of time.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.125-146
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• 2011

Within a framework of sociocultural approaches to writing process, this study examined six ESL graduate students' writing processes in depth based on individual interviews and their narratives of writing process. The narratives and interviews were analyzed to discover salient aspects of the students' writing processes and to understand the socially situated nature of the writing processes. First, it was observed that these six students displayed multiplicity in terms of their representations of writing process, episodes, textual practices, and concerns. Several factors including the writing task, students' familiarity with genre, literacy skills, attitude toward writing, and involvement in interaction contributed to individualized trajectories of writing process. It was also revealed that writing is unavoidably a socially situated practice. Students were situated in their cultural arenas as well as their disciplinary arenas, and these contexts helped the students serve as active agents producing and sharing knowledge. The confluence of personal, cognitive, and social factors observed in their writing processes suggests that writing process should be understood from multiple perspectives.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.42-53
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• 2023

본 연구는 화학교과 내용 맥락 하에서 모델링 실천을 통해 드러난 메타모델링 지식 구성요소별 인식수준을 진단함으로써 메타모델링 지식과 통합된 모델링 실천 프로그램 구성을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 하였다. A 과학 영재학교 2학년 재학생 16명을 대상으로 화학 교사가 변칙현상이 포함된 탐구기반 모델링을 진행하였으며, 모델의 가변성, 모델의 다중성, 모델링 과정 등 메타모델링 지식 구성요소별 인식수준을 분석하기 위하여 학생이 기록한 탐구노트와 연구자가 기록한 관찰노트를 분석에 활용하였다. 인식수준은 0단계부터 3단계까지 분류하였다. 분석 결과, 메타모델링 지식의 구성요소 중 모델링 과정에 대한 인식수준이 가장 높았으며 모델의 다중성 다음으로 모델의 가변성에 대한 인식수준이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 모델 가변성에 대한 낮은 인식수준의 원인은 학생들이 개념모델을 객관적 사실로 인식하는 것과 관련이 깊고, 모델 다중성에 대한 낮은 인식수준의 원인은 주어진 현상에 대해 오직 하나의 올바른 모델이 존재한다는 신념과 관련이 있다. 학생들은 개념모델을 화학기호와 같은 상징적 모델을 이용하여 정교화하였으나 모델링 전 과정에 영향을 주는 자료해석의 중요성에 대한 인식이 부족하였다. 모델의 본성을 명시적으로 안내할 수 있는 사전활동의 도입하고, 자료해석의 중요성을 구체적 예시를 통해 안내할 필요가 있다. 다른 관점에서 제안된 모델의 수용 가능성을 고려하고 검증하는 훈련이 모델링 실천 프로그램을 통해 이루어져야 한다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.239-252
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 선행 연구를 바탕으로 하여 과학교육의 현장에서 모델과 모델링의 성공적인 적용을 위해 필요한 학생과 교사에게 요구되는 모델과 모델링에 대한 지식을 의미하는 메타모델링 지식과 그 구성요소에 대해서 고찰하는 것이다. 이를 위해 모델과 모델링에 대한 주요 선행 연구들을 문헌연구 방법을 통해 분석하고 범주화하였으며, 과학교육에서 효과적으로 적용을 위한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 메타모델링 지식은 모델과 모델링에 대해 인식하는 것이고, 과학적 모델링 실습에서 과학적 모델을 만드는데 가장 결정적인 요소이다. 이 연구에서 제안하고자 하는 메타모델링 지식의 구성요소는 모델의 본성, 모델의 다양성, 모델의 목적, 모델링 과정, 모델의 평가와 수정으로 범주화하였다. 모델의 본성에 대한 이해를 통해서 모델이 가지는 여러 가지 속성을 알게 되며 모델과 모델링에 대한 깊이 있는 이해의 틀을 가지게 된다. 모델의 다양성은 같은 자연 현상을 나타내기 위한 여러 모델이 존재하는 것과 모델의 분류에 대한 이해를 하는 것이다. 모델의 목적은 과학자들이 자연 현상을 설명하거나 예측하기 위해 모델을 만드는 것임을 학생들인 인식하여 모델을 구성하고 사용함으로써 과학적 이해를 하는 것이다. 모델링 과정은 모델을 만들고 평가하고 수정으로 이루어진다는 것을 아는 것이다. 이를 통해 학생들이 모델링 실습에 참여할 수 있게 되고, 교사는 모델링 실습에서 학생을 돕는 제대로 된 안내자의 역할을 할 수 있게 된다. 모델의 평가 및 수정은 학생들이 관찰한 자연 현상을 잘 설명하기 위해 다른 사람과의 의사소통을 통해 모델을 수정하는 일련의 과정으로 모델을 정교하게 만드는 것을 의미한다. 메타모델링 지식의 구성요소에 대한 이해를 통해 학생들과 교사들이 모델과 모델링에 대해서 느끼는 어려움을 해결하고 과학교육에서 모델과 모델링 수업을 성공적으로 적용할 수 있는 지침을 제시할 수 있다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2005

The cubist collagists proposed radically different ideas about the nature of order, and about the nature of artistic space. The collage substitutes an order which is constructed on relationships for the more rigid order of traditional art. Collage presents new theories of communication with the viewer, of relationships and of signs. This paper is an investigation of these ideas and how they have been applied to Mies Van der Rohe's making of architecture: Barcelona Pavilion and Tugendhat house. Collage in Mies' works has been executed in a limited manner. In Mies' works, one can begin to recognize some basic traits of collage. Textures, forms, and fragments begin to interact with each other and exploit those principles of contrast and juxtaposition that give collage a value as an expressive medium. Many of the formal aspects of collage are readily apparent in much of the work which we see around use today, but we should look at the attitudes and beliefs upon which collage is built for a further understanding of how its principles can be applied.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4843-4847
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• 2015

To date, cytotoxic effects of flavonoids in various cancer cells are well accepted. However, the intracellular signaling cascades triggered by these natural compounds remain largely unknown and elusive. In this mini-review, the multiplicity of molecular targets of flavonoids in blood cancer cells is discussed by demonstrating the involvement of various signaling pathways in induction of apoptotic responses. Although these data reveal a great potential of flavonoids for the development of novel agents against different types of hematological malignancies, the pleiotropic nature of these compounds in modulation of cellular processes and their interactions certainly need unraveling and further investigation.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1990

The pressure to develop new agricultural technologies will be roughly proportional to the rate of depletion of natural resources employed in agriculture. Of these resources, land, water and gentic resources are critical. The development of agriculture is associated with a scientific and technological establishment, of remarkable capability ; responding rapidly to many problems encountered by the agricultural production. These advantages are also coupled with constraints. Agricultural systems are concerned with the efficient conversion of resources into products that are wanted by the producer or someone else who is prepared to pay for them. They are based on biological processes, but they are operated by the people for a multiplicity of purposes. Study of agricultural systems is aimed at helping in the operation of systems, their repair or their improvement. The future concerns of agriculture will center on (1) increasing and safeguarding the supplies of productive inputs to agriculture, (2) improving the efficiency with which these inputs are used in food production, (3) developing new sources of basic food materials, and (4) coping with the external costs that tend to appear in intensive, mechanized agriculture.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.25-41
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• 2009

Louis I. Kahn is cleary one of 20th century great architects. The character of his philosophy of architecture can be condensed as simple words; Architectural Essence, because the very nature of his work based on historicity is so fundamental. Some contemporary architects and architectural critics regard it as a symbol of Post-Modern Architecture era expressing relative multiplicity or an expression of Heideggerian existentialism, but others do as the attribute of fundamentalist like absolute Plato's Idea. Comparing the former, studies of the latter theme have been executed superficially and somewhat biasedly for last decades. In the context, this paper attempt to reanalyze Kahn's idea of 'Architectural Essence' with the deep view of Platonist focused on the concept of binary opposition and causality.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2003

Cr (Ⅵ) - containing compounds are well-established carcinogens, although the mechanism for chromium - induced carcinogenesis is still not well understood. The reduction of Cr (Ⅵ) to its lower oxidation states, par ticularly Cr (V) and Cr (IV), is an important step for the production of chromium-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS). The persistent oxidative stress during the reduction process may play a key role in the mechanism of Cr (Ⅵ) -induced carcinogenesis. This paper summarizes recent studies on (1) the reduction of Cr (Ⅵ) to Cr (III) occur by a multiplicity of mechanisms depending on the nature of reducing agents including ascorbate, diol-and thiol-containing molecules, certain flavoenzymes, cell organelles, intact cells, and whole animals; (2) free-radical production with emphasis on hydroxy radical generation via Fenton or Haber-Weiss type reactions; and (3) free radical - induced cellular damage, such at DNA strand breaks, hydroxylation of 2'-deoxyguanosine, and activation of nuclear transcription factor kB.