• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.80-87
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• 2015

The proliferation of the Internet and communication technologies and applications, besides the conventional retailers, has led to a new form of distribution channel, namely home sopping through the telephone, TV, catalog or the Internet. The conventional and new distribution channels have different transaction costs perceived by the consumers in the following perspectives: the accessibility to the product information, the traffic cost and the opportunity cost for the time to visit the store, the possibility of 'touch and feel' to test the quality of the product, the delivery time and the concern for the security for the personal information. Difference in the transaction costs between the distribution channels results in the different selling prices even for the same product. Moreover, distribution channels with different selling prices necessarily result in different business surpluses. In this paper, we study the multilateral bargaining strategy of a manufacturer who sells a product through multiple distribution channels with different transaction costs. We first derive the Nash equilibrium solutions for both simultaneous and sequential bargaining games. The numerical analyses for the Nash equilibrium solutions show that the optimal bargaining strategy of the manufacturer heavily depends not only on the degree of competition between the distribution channels but on the difference of the business surpluses of the distribution channels. First, it is shown that there can be four types of locally optimal bargaining strategies if we assume the market powers of the manufacturer over the distribution channels can be different. It is also shown that, among the four local optimal bargaining strategies, simultaneous bargaining with the distribution channels is the most preferred bargaining strategy for the manufacturer.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.211-217
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• 2019

This study suggested the alternatives for improving consumers' engagement with digital signage (DS) by analyzing the researches of the effectiveness of DS in marketing and public areas, which is recognized as an essential communication tool for commercial or public matters. According to the results, affective DS ad content of DS resulted in positive shoppers' buying behaviors and perceiving buying environment; DS was also effective for public affairs, which how proper channel and message for the target public resulted in solving community problems. However, it was rare to measure precisely the level of consumers' engagement with DS content and what DS content aroused higher engagement in both areas. Thus, DS content should be more customized based on multiple converged contents for consumers' engagement and the research efforts of DS should be focused on the development of not only its device technology, but also creative content.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 2019

Today, most of elevators have an emergency call facility for emergency situations. However, if the network installed in the elevator is also out of power, it cannot be used for the elevator remote monitoring and management. So, we develop an integrated and unified emergency call system, which can transmit not only telephone call but also data signals using PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) in order to remote monitoring and management of elevators, even though a power outage occurs. The proposed integrated emergency call system to process multiple data such as voice and operational information is a multi-channel board system which is composed of an emergency phone signal processing module and an operational information processing module in the control box of elevator. In addition, the RMS(remote management server) systems based on the Web consist of a dial-up server and a remote monitoring server where manages the elevator's operating information, status records, and operational faults received via the proposed integrated and unified emergency call system in real time. So even if there's a catastrophic emergency, the proposed RMS systems shall ensure and maintain the safety of passengers inside the elevator. Also, remote control of the elevator by this system should be more efficient and secure. In near future, all elevator emergency call system need to support multifunctional capabilities to transmit operational data as well as phone calls for the safety of passengers. In addition, for safer elevators, it is necessary to improve them more efficiently by combining them with high-tech technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.23-39
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• 2020

Purpose: Social Network Sites(SNS) have been grown up as a public communication channel consumer frequently participate in. Most of food service brands are utilizing social media for advertising recently. As a result of SNS marketing, food service brands anticipate positive outputs from SNS engagement and consumer brand engagement so that we need to verify structural relationship among SNS characteristics, SNS engagement and consumer brand engagement. Research design, data, and methodology: This study identifies that SNS characteristics have effects on SNS engagement and examines relationship between SNS engagement and behavioral engagement. We conceptualize SNS characteristics as information quality, hedonic level and interaction. Furthermore, SNS engagement is composed of SNS participation, positive word of mouth(WOM). In order to verify the purposes of this research, research model and hypotheses were developed. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and tested in the previous studies. Sample data were collected from 433 online survey panels and analyzed by using SmartPLS 3.2.9. Result: The findings of this research are as follows. First, information quality is positively related with SNS participation. Hedonic level and interaction have impacts on SNS participation and positive WOM respectively. Second, SNS participation has positive effects on positive WOM. Third, both SNS participation and WOM influence behavioral engagement respectively. Conclusions: The implications demonstrate that SNS characteristics such as information quality and hedonic level and interaction exert effects for consumer to participate in SNS brand page. Meanwhile, hedonic level and interaction influence on positive WOM but information quality doesn't. SNS participation and positive WOM affect consumer to engage in specific brand behaviorally as well. Therefore, food service brand marketer is required to manage SNS information quality and hedonic level and interaction among members to encourage SNS participation and positive WOM. As SNS participation and positive WOM increases behavioral engagement of consumer, marketer needs to incentivize SNS participation and look after situation of positive WOM and respond swiftly.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1477-1483
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• 2020

The stability guarantee of wireless network based control systems is still challenging due to the lossy links and node failures. This paper proposes a hierarchical cluster-based network protocol called robust wireless sensor and actuator network (R-WSAN) by combining time, channel, and space resource diversity. R-WSAN includes a scheduling algorithm to support the network resource allocation and a control task sharing scheme to maintain the control stability of multiple plants. R-WSAN was implemented on a real test-bed using Zolertia RE-Mote embedded hardware platform running the Contiki-NG operating system. Our experimental results demonstrate that R-WSAN provides highly reliable and robust performance against lossy links and node failures. Furthermore, the proposed scheduling algorithm and the task sharing scheme meet the stability requirement of control systems, even if the controller fails to support the control task.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.419-426
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• 2021

A high-performance elliptic curve cryptography processor (HP-ECCP) was designed to support five field sizes of 192, 224, 256, 384 and 521 bits over GF(p) defined in NIST FIPS 186-2, and it provides eight modes of arithmetic operations including ECPSM, ECPA, ECPD, MA, MS, MM, MI and MD. In order to make the HP-ECCP resistant to side-channel attacks, a modified left-to-right binary algorithm was used, in which point addition and point doubling operations are uniformly performed regardless of the Hamming weight of private key used for ECPSM. In addition, Karatsuba-Ofman multiplication algorithm (KOMA), Lazy reduction and Nikhilam division algorithms were adopted for designing high-performance modular multiplier that is the core arithmetic block for elliptic curve point operations. The HP-ECCP synthesized using a 180-nm CMOS cell library occupied 620,846 gate equivalents with a clock frequency of 67 MHz, and it was evaluated that an ECPSM with a field size of 256 bits can be computed 2,200 times per second.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.449-463
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions and entering status of small business online fashion retailers on portal shopping and fashion shopping malls. Case studies were conducted on a total of 10 research samples. The results were as follows: first, regarding the strategic factors of online fashion stores, 'price competitiveness' is important, especially in portal shopping and low-cost brands; 'product assortment' is important but not essential in all platforms; and 'differentiation' is important to continuously secure loyal customers in fashion shopping malls. Customer satisfaction leads to customer loyalty, and customer loyalty affects the sales conversion rate and brand growth of online sales channels. Factors that promoted sales activities in online sales channels were exposure, advertisements, SNS, events, special exhibitions, and events. Hindrance factors were low price competition, overheated competition, and the MD of sales channels. Second, the research samples used multiple online sales channels, including portal shopping malls and fashion shopping malls, in addition to their own malls. The selection factors were platform reputation and commission, branding, and customer inflow through exposure. Portal shopping malls were perceived as providing easy access, advertising/customer communication, exposure/search, price competitiveness, scalability, and intense competition, whereas fashion shopping malls were perceived as providing a brand image and concept, brand promotion, high commissions, difficult entry, and low profits. The factors for success in portal shopping malls were exposure/search, price competitiveness, and brand recognition, whereas the factors for success in fashion shopping malls were differentiation, brand, exposure/advertisement, product assortment, and MD.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2018

A certificate is a means to certify users by conducting the identification of the users, the prevention of forgery and alteration, and non-repudiation. Most people use an accredited certificate when they perform a task using online banking, and it is often used for the purpose of proving one's identity in issuing various certificates and making electronic payments in addition to online banking. At this time, the issued certificate exists in a file form on the disk, and it is possible to use the certificate issued in an existing device in a new device only if one copies it from the existing device. However, most certificate duplication methods are a method of duplication, entering an 8-16 digit verification code. This is inconvenient because one should enter the verification code and has a weakness that it is vulnerable to security issues. To solve this weakness, this study proposes a method for enhancing security certificate duplication in a multi-channel using TCP and BLE. The proposed method: 1) shares data can be mutually authenticated, using BLE Advertising data; and 2) encrypts the certificate with a symmetric key algorithm and delivers it after the certification of the device through an ECC-based electronic signature algorithm. As a result of the implementation of the proposed method in a mobile environment, it could defend against sniffing attacks, the area of security vulnerabilities in the existing methods and it was proven that it could increase security strength about $10^{41}$ times in an attempt of decoding through the method of substitution of brute force attack existing method.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.6 s.95
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• pp.835-842
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• 2004

In this paper, we have analyzed the MC-DS/CDMA system with input signal synchronized completely through adjustment of the gain in the PLL loop, by using the hybrid SC/MRC-(2/3) technique, which is said to one of the optimal diversity techniques under the multi-path fading environment, assuming that phase error is defined to the phase difference between the received signal from the multi-path and the reference signal in the PLL of the receiver. Also, assuming that the regarded radio channel model for the mobile communication is subject to the Nakagami-m fading channel, we have developed the expressions and performed the simulation under the consideration of various factor, in the MC/DS-CDMA system with the hybrid SC.MRC-(2/3) diversity method, such as the Nakagami fading index(m), $the\;number\;of\;paths\;(L_p),$ the number of hybrid SC.MRC-(2/3) $diversity\;branches\;(L,\;L_c),$ the number of users (K), the number of subcarriers (U), and the gain in the PLL loop. As a result of the simulation, it has been confirmed that the performance improvement of the system can be achieved by adjusting properly the PLL loop in order for the MC/DS-CDMA system with the hybrid SC/MRC-(2/3) diversity method to receive a fully synchronized signal. And the value of the gain in the PLL loop should exceed 7dB in order for the system to receive the signal with prefect synchronization, even though there might be a slight difference according to the values of the fading index and the spread processing gain of the subcarrier.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1657-1662
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• 2014

In this paper, the impact of substrate bias($V_{BS}$) on the zero capacitor RAM(Z-RAM) in n-channel junctionless multiple gate MOSFET(MuGFET) has been analyzed experimentally. Junctionless transistors with fin width of 50nm and 1 fin exhibits a memory window of 0.34V and a sensing margin of $1.8{\times}10^4$ at $V_{DS}=3.5V$ and $V_{BS}=0V$. As the positive $V_{BS}$ is applied, the memory window and sensing margin were improved due to an increase of impact ionization. When $V_{BS}$ is increased from 0V to 10V, not only the memory window is increased from 0.34V to 0.96V but also sensing margin is increased slightly. The sensitivity of memory window with different $V_{BS}$ in junctionless transistor was larger than that of inversion-mode transistor. A retention time of junctionless transistor is better than that of inversion-mode transistor due to low Gate Induced Drain Leakage(GIDL) current. To evaluate the device reliability of Z-RAM, the shifts in the Set/Reset voltages and current were measured.