• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.379-402
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the comparative effects of Apitoxin(0.1% bee venom 0.1cc) & Acupuncture therapy on the knee joint arthritis induced by 0.1% carrageenin solution at Rt. knee joint in rats. After carrageenin injection, the apitoxin was injected for two times (Experimental group I : 1 & 24hours later, Experimental group II : 48 & 72hours later) into the corresponding loci to Rt. $ST_{35}$(Group 3) & $EX-LE_4$(group 4) of the human body in rats. Acupuncture therapy was done same as above. And then the comparative effects of apitoxin and acupuncture therapy on the knee joint arthritis were estimated by the WBC count, RBC count, hemoglobin level, hematocrit level and ASO titer in serum. The results were summerized as follows : 1. The effects of apitoxin & acupuncture on WBC count showed remarkable decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in both experimental group I & experimental group II. There were not any statistical difference from apitoxin and acupuncture therapy by Duncan's multiple range test. 2. The effect of apitoxin on RBC count showed noticeable decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in both experimental group I & experimental group II. The acupuncture was not showed decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in both experimental group I & experimental group II. There were not any statistical difference from apitoxin and acupuncture therapy by Duncan's multiple range test. 3. The effects of apitoxin & acupuncture on hemoglobin level showed noticeable decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in both experimental group I & experimental group II. There were not any statistical difference from apitoxin and acupuncture therapy by Duncan's multiple range test. 4. The effect of apitoxin on hematocrit level showed noticeable decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in both experimental group I & experimental group II. The acupuncture was not showed decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in both experimental group I & experimental group II. There were not any statistical difference from apitoxin and acupuncture therapy by Duncan's multiple range test. 5. The effect of apitoxin on ASO titer showed noticeable decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group only in experimental group I. The apitoxin & acupuncture showed decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in experimental group II. There were significantly statistical difference from apitoxin and acupuncture therapy by Duncan's multiple range test. The effect of apitoxin showed slightly decrease as compared with the acupuncture therapy by Duncan's multiple range test.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.525-534
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• 2007

It is a common practice in many research areas that multiple range tests for a between subject factor such as Tukey are applied to a within subject factor in a repeated measures design. Tukey procedure, however, sometimes detects no pairs with different means even when the hypothesis of all equal level means is rejected. This study attempts to provide a rationale for the proposition that Tukey is inappropriate post hoc procedure for a within subject factor in which the observations are correlated. We introduce two multiple range tests, Bonferroni and Scheffe, for a within subject factor and show that Bonferroni is more appropriate than Scheffe for pairwise multiple comparisons. Subsequent simulation study indicates that Tukey has significantly less power than Bonferroni in detecting actual difference between means of some pairs when the observations of a within subject factor are highly correlated.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1525-1536
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• 2016

ROTC is the system that selects the best students in university and implements the military training of two years and uses them as beginning commander of the army by commissioning as officers. ROTC makes up a very large portion of the army and society in Korea in terms of the size and role. Therefore, it is very important to enhance intangible combat power of the Korean army by improving leadership of primary grade officer from ROTC. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether or not ROTC candidate training program is providing the right training, so as to improve ROTC's leadership and present improvement plan. First, we divide ROTC candidate training program into three areas and take the 1st and 2nd survey. Then we compare and analyze the actual condition and recognition of investigation using statistical analysis methods such as chi-square test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Also, we analyze the element affecting the army leader's three qualities formation which are basic elements of ROTC cadet's leadership using multiple regression analysis.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2001

In this paper, we proposed a new pixel circuit of the CMOS image sensor for high dynamic range operation, which is based on a multiple sampling scheme and a conditional reset circuit. To expand the pixel dynamic range, the output is multiple-sampled in the integration time. In each sampling, the pixel output is compared with a reference voltage, and the result of comparison may activate the conditional reset circuit. The times of conditional reset, N, during the integration will contribute to the increase of the dynamic range by the times of N. The test chip was fabricated with 0.65-${\mu}m$ CMOS technology (2-P, 2-M).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.575-584
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop the better fitting and more comfortable sleeve pattern for women's jacket, as the first step. Five types of existent sleeve pattern were collected, made and worn compared with the sensory evaluations method. The main results of this study were as follows 1. Sensory evaluation for appearance; According to the result of Duncan's multiple range test among the five sleeve patterns, TOJAIUN method sleeve was most satisfactory, and the next was the JUNGMYUNGJA method sleeve followed by NASAN, MOONWHA, ESMOD method sleeve. 2. Sensory evaluation for comfort; The result of Duncan's multiple range test showed that the ESMOD method sleeve was comfortable, and the next was the Japanese MOONWHA method sleeve followd by JUNGMYUNGJA, TOJAIVN, NASAN method sleeve. The result of 3-way ANOVA, main effect for 3 independent variables and interaction for pattern x part, posturers part showed significant difference.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.59-65
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the water quality change when wastewater applied to study paddy fields. CREAMS-PADDY (Chemical, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management System) model was used to estimate the field-scale water quality. Simulated results were compared with observed data monitored from Byeongjeom study paddy fields which is located near the Suwon sewage treatment plant in Gyeonggi-do. Significance analysis was performed for the three different irrigation water quality level and five fertilizer reduction scenarios using LSD (Least Significant Difference) and DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test). Total nitrogen was found to be significant for both irrigation water quality level and fertilizer reduction while total phosphorus was not. Annual drainage load for total nitrogen was reduced by 66~92 % compared to irrigation load when treated wastewater irrigated to study paddy fields from 2002 to 2007. Total phosphorus was reduced by 70~86 %.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2015

Successful development of weapon systems requires a stringent verification and validation (V&V) process due to the nature of the weapons in which continual increase of operational capability makes the system requirements more complicated to meet. Thus, test and evaluation (T&E) of weapon systems is becoming more difficult. In such a situation, live fire tests appear to be effective and useful methods in not only carrying out V&V of the weapon systems under development, but also increasing the maturity of the end users operability of the system. However, during the process for live fire tests, a variety of accidents or mishaps can happen due to explosion, pyro, separation, and so on. As such, appropriate means to mitigate mishap possibilities should be provided and applied during the live fire tests. To study a way of how to accomplish it is the objective of this paper. To do so, top-level sources of hazard are first identified. A framework for T&E is also described. Then, to enhance the test range safety, it is discussed how test scenarios can be generated. The proposed method is based on the use of the anticipatory failure determination (AFD) and multiple event tree analysis (ETA) in analyzing range safety. It is intended to identify unexpected hazard components even in the environment with constraints. It is therefore expected to reduce accident possibilities as an alternative to the traditional root-cause analysis.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2011

This paper presents a frequency-response test performed on an antagonistic actuation system consisting of two Mckibben pneumatic artificial muscles and a pneumatic circuit. A linear model, capable of estimating the dynamic characteristics of the antagonistic system in the operating range of pneumatic artificial muscles, was optimally calculated based on frequency-response results and applied to a multiple simultaneous specification control scheme. Trajectory tracking results showed that the presented multiple simultaneous specification controller, built experimentally by three PD typed sample controllers, satisfied successfully all required control specifications; rising time, maximum overshoot, steady-state error.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.311-323
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• 2019

The number of newly constructed traditional Korean houses, i.e., Hanoks, and light-frame buildings is increasing. However, related research is limited owing to the lack of awareness regarding safety evaluations. Therefore, this study conducted an outdoor exposure test to accurately evaluate wooden constructions. Spruce, pine, and fir (SPF) material was monitored for a year, wherein the SPF material was artificially dried under 18% moisture content, and its physical properties and color differences were measured once a month. Large differences were observed in the material's weight and moisture content, which are indexes sensitive to daily range and rainfall; however, no significant difference was found for other basic properties in the pre and post test results. Herein, $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values represent color differences; these values exhibited a general decrease after the test. Such differences were attributed to the loss of lignin in the wood. The color difference value was high between the months of May and July, when the daily range and rainfall significantly fluctuated. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the $a^*$ value (redness indicator), daily range, rainfall, and ultraviolet index. The results indicated that the daily range influenced redness the most. According to the estimated regression equation, the daily range and redness are positively correlated. Based on the results, the types and influence of independent variables on color difference are expected to change as the wood's duration of outdoor exposure and the amount of data obtained both increase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1181-1189
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• 2009

This research analyzes the relationship between the height of the sleeve cap and the mobility of arm movement. Ten Korean women participated as subjects. For test clothes, the AH/4+3, AH/4+1, and AH/4-1 height of the sleeve cap were varied. The sleeve circumference was adjusted according to the variation of the height of the sleeve cap. To analyze test clothing objectively, the range-of-motion of two selected movements (Arm Adduction/Abduction and Arm Flexion/Extension) was measured by Leighton flexometer and goniometer. Also, a wearer acceptability rating was examined for acceptance by the subject. Anova and Duncan's multiple range tests are used for statistical analysis. According to the results, the mobility of test clothing 2 and 3 improved 14.9% and 27.7% in Arm Adduction/Abduction, and 12.7% and 31.9% in Arm Flexion/Extension compared to the test clothing 1.