• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.55-73
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the level of conspicuous consumption and resource-saving behavior in primary school students, and to discover the factors that influence these behaviors most strongly. The research was conducted in 2011 using a written questionnaires that were completed by 500 primary school students residing in Seoul, South Korea. The data was analyzed using statistical methods, including frequency, percentiles, means, standard deviation, Cronbach's coefficient, ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, using SPSS 18.0. As a result of these analyses, the average level of conspicuous consumption was found to be 2.65 relatively rational score. Next, it was shown that the conspicuous consumption of respondents differed significantly based on variables, such as allowances, family income, socialization process in childhood, family cohesion, and parental child rearing method. Finally, the greatest influences on respondent's resource-saving behavior was seen to be the child's socialization process in childhood, family cohesion, parental child rearing method, and conspicuous consumption. These variables must therefore all be considered when teaching primary school students and encouraging them to assume rational resource-saving habits in their daily lives.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.186-193
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• 1991

Three cases of double primary lung cancer occured synchronously are reported with brief review of literature. The incidence of multiple primary lung cancer relatively rare but may become increasingly prevalent as early detection techinque and cancer therapy has improved. The patients were a 67, 69, and 65-year-old men with doulbe primary lung cancer of different cell type or same cell type with other bronchus origin (squamous cell+small cell, squamous cell+squamous cell, squamous cell+bronchioloaveolar cell) were identified with flexible bronchofiberoscopic biopsies. More careful diagnostic evaluation and management are thought to be necessary.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2016

Simultaneous second primary tumors are not uncommon in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Many studies have previously shown that oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients with simultaneous second primary tumor generally have a poor prognosis. Additionally, the choice of the optimal therapeutic modality for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients who present with simultaneous second primary tumor remains problematic. We reported a case of simultaneous squamous cell carcinomas in mouth floor and esophagus, that multidisciplinary team performed resection and reconstruction simultaneously.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.322-327
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 셀룰러 인지 라디오 망에서 주 사용자들 (PU; primary user)의 다중 채널상에서 발생하는 스펙트럼 홀 (spectrum hole)을 그룹핑(grouping)하여, 광대역 인지 사용자 (WCRU; wideband cognitive radio user)의 서비스 품질 (QoS; quality of service)을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 스펙트럼 홀 그룹핑 방법은 같은 시간에 발생하는 스펙트럼 홀들을 위너예측과정으로 예측하고, 예측된 스펙트럼 홀을 그룹핑하여 광대역 인지 사용자를 지원함으로써 인지 사용자의 서비스 품질을 향상시킨다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 단일 스펙트럼 홀 채널을 이용한 경우와 비교하여 핸드오프 호의 손실률과 초기 발생 호의 차단률을 줄일 수 있음을 보인다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.594-598
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• 2004

원발성 반지세포 폐암종은 점액을 분비하는 독특한 선암의 일종으로 매우 드물게 발생한다. 예후가 불량하므로 타 원발성 및 전이성 폐암종과 감별이 필요하고 임상적인 검사로 원발병소를 찾기가 어려울 경우 조직면역학적 방법이 감별에 도움이 된다. 본 저자들은 다발전 골전이를 동반한 진행된 원발성 반지세포 폐암종의 증례를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2013

Objective : Brain metastases in primary breast cancer patients are considerable sources of morbidity and mortality. Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has gained popularity as an up-front therapy in treating such metastases over traditional radiation therapy due to better neurocognitive function preservation. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognostic factors for local tumor control and survival in radiosurgery for brain metastases from primary breast cancer. Methods : From March 2001 to May 2011, 124 women with metastatic brain lesions originating from a primary breast cancer underwent GKRS at a tertiary medical center in Seoul, Korea. All patients had radiosurgery as a primary treatment or salvage therapy. We retrospectively reviewed their clinical outcomes and radiological responses. The end point of this study was the date of patient's death or the last follow-up examination. Results : In total, 106 patients (268 lesions) were available for follow-up imaging. The median follow-up time was 7.5 months. The mean treated tumor volume at the time of GKRS was 6273 $mm^3$ (range, 4.5-27745 mm3) and the median dose delivered to the tumor margin was 22 Gy (range, 20-25 Gy). Local recurrence was assessed in 86 patients (216 lesions) and found to have occurred in 36 patients (83 lesions, 38.6%) with a median time of 6 months (range, 4-16 months). A treated tumor volume >5000 $mm^3$ was significantly correlated with poor local tumor control through a multivariate analysis (hazard risk=7.091, p=0.01). Overall survival was 79.9%, 48.3%, and 15.3% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The median overall survival was 11 months after GKRS (range, 6 days-113 months). Multivariate analysis showed that the pre-GKRS Karnofsky performance status, leptomeningeal seeding prior to initial GKRS, and multiple metastatic lesions were significant prognostic factors for reduced overall survival (hazard risk=1.94, p=0.001, hazard risk=7.13, p<0.001, and hazard risk=1.46, p=0.046, respectively). Conclusion : GKRS has shown to be an effective and safe treatment modality for treating brain metastases of primary breast cancer. Most metastatic brain lesions initially respond to GKRS, though, many patients have further CNS progression in subsequent periods. Patients with poor Karnofsky performance status and multiple metastatic lesions are at risk of CNS progression and poor survival, and a more frequent and strict surveillance protocol is suggested in such high-risk groups.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2007

목적: 다발성 회전근 개 파열에서 일차 복원술의 결과와 결과에 영향을 주는 인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년에서 2003년 사이에 두 개 이상 건이 이환된 회전근 개 파열에 대하여 일차 복원술을 시행한 후 2년 이상 추시된 19예(평균 연령 64.8세)를 대상으로 UCLA score의 변화를 조사하고, 외상, 능동적 운동, 견봉-상완골간 간격, 파열의 크기, 면적 등과 UCLA score사이의 상관 관계를 Pearson 선형 상관계수(PLCC)를 이용하여 검증하였다. 결과: UCLA score는 평균 9.4에서 26.1로 전 예에서 뚜렷이 증가하였으나 Ellman 기준상 53%에서 우수, 47%는 불량의 결과를 보였다. 외상, 능동적 거상, 견봉-상완골 간격 및 파열의 크기는 UCLA score와 상관관계가 없었으나 파열 면적은 UCLA score와 역 상관관계가 있었으며(PLCC=-0.696) MRI상 극하근의 Goutallier등급 III단계 이상 변성이 있는 경우는 불량한 결과를 보였다. 결론: 다발성 회전근 개 파열에서 일차 복원술의 결과는 53%에서 만족스러웠다. 큰 파열 면적, 극하근의 심한 변성은 불량 예후인자로 사료된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1993

Pedestrian injury have been the most important cause of death in children 1 to 14 years of age. This study was attempted to analyze the status and factors of the pedestrian safety education for primary school children. The purpose of this study was to provide the baseline study on pedestrian safety education. The data were collected from 313 respondents of 5th grade elementary school children in Seoul during April 26 through May 6, 1993. The data were cross tabulated for percent distribution and analyzed by multiple regression using SAS for personal computer program package. Major findings are as follows: (1) 50% of the respondents had never received any safety education for Pedestrian. The primary provider of pedestrian safety education was parent. (2) Respondents' knowledge on traffic rules, traffic signals, natures of motor vehicle is high(above 88%). (3) Respondents are very negative to the attitude of playing on the street and transversing under d1e overpass(about 80%). (4) 58% of respondents had never played on the street and 49% of respondents had never run on the street. (5) Factors affecting the knowledge of traffic safety was respondents' sex and job of their mothers(p＜0.05). (6) Factors affecting the attitude of traffic safety was economic status(p＜0.01). (7) Factors affecting the practice of traffic safety was education of respondents' fathers. (8) The multiple regression analysis showed that sex was statistically significant in affecting traffic accident of pedestrians (p=0.05). In order to prevent children's traffic accidents, education for pedestrians' safety by both parents and teachers should be strengthened.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1897-1907
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 세 모드 사이의 내부공진을 고려하여 강제진동 중인 보의 비선 형 해석을 다루고자 한다. 이 문제에 관심을 갖게 된 동기는 "연속계의 비선형해석 에서 더 많은 모드를 포함시키면 어떤 결과를 낳게 될 것인가\ulcorner" 라는 질문에서 생겨난 것이다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2020

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) can heal and remain asymptomatic, or they can progress to deep ankle pain on weight bearing and the formation of subchondral cysts. Treatment varies from nonoperative treatment to open and arthroscopic procedures. Operative procedures include marrow stimulation techniques (abrasion chondroplasty, multiple drilling, microfracture), osteochondral autografts or allografts, and autologous chondrocyte implantation. Among these treatments, arthroscopic marrow stimulation techniques have been the preferred initial surgical treatment for most OLT. Despite these treatments, many patients complain of persistent pain even after surgery, and many surgeons face the challenge of determining a second line of treatments. This requires a thorough re-evaluation of the patient's symptoms as well as radiological measures. If the primary surgical treatment has failed, multiple operative treatments are available, and relatively more invasive methods can be administered. On the other hand, it is inappropriate to draw a firm conclusion in which methods are superior.