• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2012

Next generation cellular applications and smart phone usage generate very heavy wireless data traffic. It becomes ineluctable for mobile network operators to have multiple core network entities such as Serving Gateway and Packet Data Network Gateway in 4G-LTE to share this high traffic generated. A typical configuration consists of multiple serving gateways behind a load-balancer which would determine which serving gateway would service a end-users'request. Such hardware is expensive, has a rigid policy set, and is a single point of failure. Another perspective of today's increasingly high data traffic is that besides it is being widely accepted that the high bandwidth L TE provides is creating bottlenecks for service providers by the increasing user bandwidth demands without creating any corresponding revenue improvements, a hidden problem that is also passively advancing on the newly emerging 4G-LTE that may need more immediate attention is the network signaling traffic, also known as the control-plane traffic that is generated by the applications developed for smartphones and tablets. With this as starting point, in this paper, we propose a solution, by a new approach considering OpenFlow switch connected to a controller, which gains flexibility in policy, costs less, and has the potential to be more robust to failure with future generations of switches. This also solves the problem of scaling the control-plane traffic that is imperative to preserve revenue and ensure customer satisfaction. Thus, with the proposed architecture with OpenFlow, mobile network operators could manipulate the traffic generated by the control-plane signaling separated from the data-plane, besides also reducing the cost in installing multiple core-network entities.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 1999

A family is presented in which multiple odontogenic keratocysts have been expressed. 3 members of the two generations of family with features of multiple keratocysts, suspected basal cell nevus syndrome have been investigated. The proband, 19-year-old woman and her mother, and her brother suffered from these cysts and two female patients' disease have been recurred multiply though careful treatments. Close attention to the family and routine follow up will alert the clinician to its recurrences and genetic counseling and serial screening for the development of other symptoms, that is malignant skin carcinoma etc.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.181-188
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• 2019

The migration path of a multiple-generation technology that occurs during a technological substitution by a new technology is important to understanding the phenomenon of technological substitution, and can contribute to understanding the process of technological innovation. This research defines the concept of migration path and develops a model of the types of migration paths by multiple dimensions (actor, generation, and time) in a multiple-generation technology. Based on a literature review and tracking of migration paths according to multiple dimensions, the definitions and types of migration paths were provided, and the accuracy of the model was verified based on a case study of the semiconductor industry. The migration paths of suppliers are modeled with three types (switching, leapfrogging, and new entrance paths), and the migration paths of customers are modeled with four types (switching, leapfrogging, new entrance, and diffusion paths) in a multiple-generation technology. This research will be useful for understanding the migration paths in the phenomenon of technological substitution, and can be applied to other industries in addition to the semiconductor industry, including various actors. In addition, suppliers and customers can understand technological substitution and can establish a technology strategy against their competitors.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.112-121
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• 2016

Development of genetically-modified (GM) crops enables the introduction of new traits to the plant to confer characteristics such as disease resistance, herbicide resistance and human health-promoting bioactivity. Successful commercialization of newly developed GM crops requires stable inheritance of integrated T-DNA and newly introduced traits through the multiple generations. This study was carried out to confirm the stable inheritance of the integrated T-DNA in $T_1$ and $T_2$ transgenic Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) that was genetically modified to increase concentrations of phenylethylisothiocyanate (PEITC), which is a potential anti-carcinogenic phytochemical. For this purpose, the IGA 1-3 ($T_1$ generation) and IGA 1-3-5 ($T_2$ generation) lines were selected by PCR and a IGA 1-3 transgenic plant ($T_1$ generation) was analyzed to confirm the T-DNA insertion site in the Chinese cabbage genome by VA-TAIL PCR. The results of this study showed that the introduced T-DNA in IGA 1 line was stably inherited to the next generations without any variations in terms of the structure of the transgenes, and this line also showed the expected transgene function that resulted in increased concentration of PEITC through the multiple generations. Finally, we confirmed the increased QR activity in IGA 1 $T_1$ and $T_2$ transgenic lines, which indicates an enhanced potential anti-carcinogenic bioactivity and its stable inheritance in IGA1 $T_1$ and $T_2$ transgenic lines.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.267-268
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• 2015

One of the long-standing problems in modern astronomy is the curious division of globular clusters (GCs) into two groups, according to the mean period (<$P_{ab}$>) of type ab RR Lyrae variables. In light of the recent discovery of multiple populations in GCs, we suggest a new model explaining the origin of the Sandage period-shift and the difference in mean period of type ab RR Lyrae variables between the two Oosterhoff groups. In our models, the instability strip in the metal-poor group II clusters, such as M15, is populated by second generation stars (G2) with enhanced helium and CNO abundances, while the RR Lyraes in the relatively metal-rich group I clusters like M3 are mostly produced by first generation stars (G1) without these enhancements. This population shift within the instability strip with metallicity can create the observed period-shift between the two groups, since both helium and CNO abundances play a role in increasing the period of RR Lyrae variables. The presence of more metal-rich clusters having Oosterhoff-intermediate characteristics, such as NGC 1851, as well as of most metal-rich clusters having RR Lyraes with the longest periods (group III) can also be reproduced, as more helium-rich third and later generations of stars (G3) penetrate into the instability strip with further increase in metallicity. Therefore, although there are systems where the suggested population shift cannot be a viable explanation, for the most general cases, our models predict that RR Lyraes are produced mostly by G1, G2, and G3, respectively, for the Oosterhoff groups I, II, and III.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.55-62
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• 2010

This paper studies the problem seeking an efficient operational scheduling for battle ships in the Republic of Korea's navy. The ships' availability means that their main systems such as weapons, navigation and propulsion are in full operational readiness. If some of the major systems are not ready, then the ships should not be available for operations. It is required to maintain a high level availability under the limited resources as it determines the strength of ROK's navy. However, it will result in inefficiencies if some ships are operated without proper maintenance only to improve their availability. Thus, this study suggests the operational scheduling for two squadron ships that considers multiple objectives such as availability, overlapping maintenance, and deviation from available ships in a particular week. We applied NSGA-II algorithm to find better solutions for more efficient scheduling. The experiment result reached an efficient solutions after 1,500 generations. Two efficient operational schedules were compared on the basis of three multiple objectives among them.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.13-25
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• 2010

This study examined the effects of individual, family, and career characteristics on retirees' life satisfaction and investigated the interactive effect of gender on the relations between retirement and life satisfaction. Data were drawn from 2 waves of Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS). The analytic sample included 158 retired men and 145 retired women in the second wave and all of whom had worked at the first wave. The results indicated that psychological and physical health conditions significantly affected retirees' life satisfaction. Also, family characteristics in terms of a spouse's work status and children's developmental stages, such as marriage and employment, influenced retirees' life satisfaction. Financial support from adult children living elsewhere also significantly affected retiree's life satisfaction. The interaction effect of gender was only found in effects of living arrangement (living alone/with a spouse vs. multiple generations living together) on retirees' life satisfaction.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.208-221
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the hair style, and perceiver's generation on the perception of a high schoolgirl's image. A quasi-experimental method by questionnaire was used. The subjects were 253 high schoolgirls and their mothers living in Jinju. The data were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha-reliability coefficient, three-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple ranges test. The high schoolgirl's image was derived in five dimensions by factor analysis: schoolgirl look, prettiness, individuality, activeness, and cuteness. In the image based on the hair length, it was assessed that the short cut and the bobbed hair styles looked more like school girls. And the short cut and long hair styles were considered as showing individuality. On the other hand, the bobbed hair style was assessed as cuter than styles of other lengths. For the bangs, the short bangs were found to more school-girl look and cuter than the long bangs. The mother group, whose ages were older than that of the other group, evaluated that the stimulative pictures had more school-girl look, individuality, prettiness, activeness and cuteness, compared to how the school girl group evaluated. It was shown that the generation gap produced different opinions about the stimulative pictures. Therefore hair style, bangs style, and difference in generations were found to be the variables affecting perception of high school girl image.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1994

Levels of genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and gene flow in Hosta yingeri, a herbaceous perennial endemic to Taehuksan, Sohuksan, and Hong Islands, were investigated. Starch gel electrophoresis was conducted on leaves for 101 plants collected from three populations. Although the distribution of thespecies is restricted in the islands, it maintains high levels of genetic variatin; 64% of polymorphic loci in at least one population (Ps), the mean number of alleles per locus (Ap) of 1.92, and the mean effective number of alleles per locus (Aep) of 1.52. Overall, mean genetic diversity (Hep=0.250) was substantially higher than mean estimate for species with very similarlife history traits (0.102). Large populaton size, the persistence of multiple generations within populations, high fecundity, predominantly outcrossing breeding system, large size of pollinator visitation areas may be explanatory factors contributing the higher level of genetic diversity maintained within populations. Analysis of fixation indices showed an overall slight excess of heterozygotes (mean FIS=-0.066) relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations, which may in part be due to the near self-incompatible breeding system in the species. Significant differences in allele frequencies among populaitns were found for 14 out of 16 polymorphic loci (P<0.05). Slightly more than 80% of the total variation in the species was common to all populations (GST=0.198). As expected, indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm=0.45, calculated from mean GST) and nine private alleles found in the three populations indicate that gene movement among three isolated island populations was low.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

This literature review explores relevant research and evaluation on pedagogy and physical learning spaces. This study also is intended to encourage discussion among stakeholders on the best medical school developments, in light of emerging learning trends relevant to their institutions. The study has revealed that new environments for learning are being designed or reshaped in response to changing pedagogical approaches, to incorporate new information technology, and to accommodate the changing abilities of new generations of learners. Formal teaching spaces for large groups with a 'sage on a stage' are becoming less common than smaller lecture rooms, although classrooms form a large component of universities and will continue to dominate in the future. However, the traditional layout of these spaces is being transformed to incorporate multiple learning modes. Classrooms should be profound places of revelation and discovery. A well-designed space has the ability to elevate discourse, encourage creativity, and promote collaboration. Within the classroom walls, a learning space should be as flexible as possible, not only because different teachers and classes require different configurations, but because in order to fully engage in learning, students need to transition between lectures, group study, presentations, discussions, and individual work time.