• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to analyze the nonlinear behavior of block pavements using multi-load level falling weight deflectometer (FWD) deflections. METHODS : Recently, block pavements are employed not only in sidewalks, but also in roadways. For the application of block pavements in roadways, the structural capacities of subbase and subgrade are important factors that support the carry traffic load. Multi-load level FWD testing was conducted on block pavements to analyze their nonlinear behavior. The deflection ratio due to the increase in load was analyzed to estimate the nonlinearity of block pavements. Finite element method with nonlinear soil model was applied to simulate the actual nonlinear behavior of the block pavement under different levels of load. RESULTS : The results of the FWD testing show that the center deflections in block pavements are approximately ten times greater than that in asphalt pavements. The deflection ratios of the block pavement due to the increase in the load range from 1.2 to 1.5, indicating that the deflection increased by 20~50%. The material coefficients of the nonlinear soil model were determined by comparing the measured deflections with the predicted deflections using the finite element method. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, the nonlinear behavior of block pavements was reviewed using multi-load level FWD testing. The deflection ratio proposed in this study can estimate the nonlinearity of block pavements. The use of nonlinear soil model in subbase and subgrade increases the accuracy of predicting deflections in finite element method.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 다중블록 격자를 병렬화 하기 위해서 다중블록/다중영역분할 기법을 제안하였다. 이 방법은 각 블록을 사용하고자 하는 프로세서의 개수만큼 나눔으로써 전체 프로세서에 대해서 균일한 로드 밸런싱을 유지할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 영역분할 기법에 따른 병렬화 효율 및 속도 향상률을 비교하기 위해서 다중블록/단일 영역분할 기법과 다중블록/다중 영역분할 기법을 서로 비교 하였으며, 블록간의 격자수가 크게 다른 경우 다중영역 분할 기법이 로드 밸런싱에 있어서 보다 안정적임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 이를 CFDS에 적용함으로써 다중블록 다중영역분할 기법의 효용성을 검증하였다. 3차원 계산의 경우 프로세서 16개를 사용하는 경우 약 12배의 속도 향상률을 보였으며, 다중블록을 병렬화 하는데 있어서 다중블록/다중영역 분할 기법이 효율적인 도구가 될 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.384-388
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• 2000

One-port acoustic characteristics of an in-duct source can be measured by the multi-load method using an overdetermined set of open pipes with different lengths as applied loads. The input data. viz. load pressure and load impedance, are usually contaminated by measurement error in the actual measurements, which result in errors in the calculated source parameters. In this paper, the effects of the errors in the input data on the results have been studied numerically, varying the number of loads and their impedances in order to determine what combination of the loads will yield the best result. An error analysis is applied to each case of possible loads, which consist of open pipes. It is noted that, frequently, only a set of open pipes is used when applying the multi-load method to the intake or exhaust sides of internal combustion engines. A set of pipe lengths which cause the calculated results to be least sensitive to the input data error can be found when using open pipe loads. The present work is intended to produce guidelines for preparing an appropriate load set in order to obtain accurate source properties of fluid machines.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.185-199
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• 2020

A computationally-efficient method for multi-criteria optimisation is developed for performance-based seismic design of friction energy dissipation dampers in RC structures. The proposed method is based on the concept of Uniform Distribution of Deformation (UDD), where the slip-load distribution along the height of the structure is gradually modified to satisfy multiple performance targets while minimising the additional loads imposed on existing structural elements and foundation. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated through optimisation of 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20-storey RC frames with friction wall dampers subjected to design representative earthquakes using single and multi-criteria optimisation scenarios. The optimum design solutions are obtained in only a few steps, while they are shown to be independent of the selected initial slip loads and convergence factor. Optimum frames satisfy all predefined design targets and exhibit up to 48% lower imposed loads compared to designs using a previously proposed slip-load distribution. It is also shown that dampers designed with optimum slip load patterns based on a set of spectrum-compatible synthetic earthquakes, on average, provide acceptable design solutions under multiple natural seismic excitations representing the design spectrum.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.725-736
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• 2017

This paper presents the two-, three-, and four-lane transverse reduction factor based on FEA method, probability theory, and the recently actual traffic flow data. A total of 72 composite girder bridges with various spans, number of lanes, loading mode, and bridge type are analyzed with time-varying static load FEA method by ANSYS, and the probability models of vehicle load effects at arbitrary-time point are developed. Based on these probability models, in accordance to the principle of the same exceeding probability, the multi-lane transverse reduction factor of these composite girder bridges and the relationship between the multi-lane transverse reduction factor and the span of bridge are determined. Finally, the multi-lane transverse reduction factor obtained is compared with those from AASHTO LRFD, BS5400, JTG D60 or Eurocode. The results show that the vehicle load effect at arbitrary-time point follows lognormal distribution. The two-, three-, and four-lane transverse reduction factors calculated by using FEA method and probability respectively range between 0.781 and 1.027, 0.616 and 0.795, 0.468 and 0.645. Furthermore, a correlation between the FEA and AASHTO LRFD, BS5400, JTG D60 or Eurocode transverse reduction factors is made for composite girder bridges. For the two-, three-, and four-lane bridge cases, the Eurocode code underestimated the FEA transverse reduction factors by 27%, 25% and 13%, respectively. This underestimation is more pronounced in short-span bridges. The AASHTO LRFD, BS5400 and JTG D60 codes overestimated the FEA transverse reduction factors. The FEA results highlight the importance of considering span length in determining the multi-lane transverse reduction factors when designing two-lane or more composite girder bridges. This paper will assist bridge engineers in quantifying the adjustment factors used in analyzing and designing multi-lane composite girder bridges.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 다층지반에서 수평하중을 받는 말뚝을 대상으로 콘관입치를 이용하여 극한수평지지력을 산정하였으며, 다층지반조건을 고려할 수 있는 토압분포 형태를 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 각 층의 상대밀도를 달리한 12개의 다층지반을 조성하여 각 지반에 대해 콘관입시험 및 수평말뚝재하시험을 수행하였으며, 각각의 다층지반조건에 대한 극한수평지지력을 비교, 분석하였다. 극한수평지지력 산정은 Broms(1964), Petrasovits & Award(1972), Prasad & Ch뼈(1999)가 제안한 방법을 기준으로 하였으며, Prasad & Chari(1999)의 방법에 대해서는 다층지반 조건을 고려하기 위한 수정된 토압분포형상을 적용하였다. 본 연구 결과, 다층지반 조건을 고려한 제안 방법이, 기존의 단일지반에 적용했던 토압분포 형상을 이용하는 방법보다 향상된 정밀도를 보여 주였다. 극한수평지지력 분포형상에 있어서도 Broms(1964), Petrasovits & Award(1972)의 방법으로 산정한 극한수평지지력과 유사한 분포를 보였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.304-310
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• 2008

Currently energy use planning council system is mandatory especially for the urban development project planned on a specified scale or more. The goal of existing demand prediction was to calculate the maximum load by multiplying energy load per unit area by building size. The result of this method may be exaggerated and has a limit in the information of period load. The paper suggests a new forecasting process based on standard unit household in order to upgrade the limit in demand prediction method of multi-family housing complex. The new process was verified by comparing actual using amount of multi-family housing complex to forecasting value of energy use plan.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.946-954
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• 2004

A model in the form of a Bearing Load Distribution (BLD) matrix in the Multi Bearing Rotor System (MBRS) is established by a transfer matrix equation with the consideration of a bearing load, elevation and uniform load distribution. The concept of Bearing Load Sensitivity (BLS) is proposed and matrices for load and elevation sensitivity are obtained. In order to share MBRS design resources on the Internet with remote customers, the basic principle of Remote Computing (RC) based on the Internet is introduced ; the RC of the BLD and BLS is achieved by Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) technology.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제13권4호통권56호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2009

본 연구는 다단계 온도프리스트레싱 공법으로 보강된 합성보의 하중재하 실험 및 구조해석을 통하여 온도프리스트레싱 공법의 프리스트레스 도입효과와 단면증가효과를 평가하였다. 연구결과 온도프리스트레싱을 이용한 합성보의 보강공법은 온도프리스트레싱에 의한 프리스트레스 도입 뿐 아니라 커버플레이트의 설치에 의한 단면증가로 합성보의 처짐 또한 감소시킬 수 있으므로 합성보의 효율적인 보강공법으로 적용이 가능할 것이다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.620-630
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• 2015

This research suggests a load balancing method for a volume rendering system which supports concurrent users. When concurrent users use a volume rendering server system, the computational resources are occupied by a particular user by turns because each process consumes the computational resources as much as possible. In this case, the previous method shows acceptable throughput but the latency is increased for each user. In this research, we suggest a method to improve the latency without performance degradation. Each process makes concessions for taking the resources according to the number of users connected to the system. And we propose a load balancing method in the dynamic situation in which the number of users can vary. Using our methods, we can improve the latency time for each user.