• 한국포장학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 수출 가능한 식품포장재로 pro-oxidant($d2w^{(R)}$)함유 rPP/ZnO 나노컴포지트 유연필름을 제조하였고, 이 산화분해 필름의 기계적 특성과 항균기능을 조사하였다. 산화분해필름은 일정조건의 열과 자외선 처리를 거친 후 특성분석으로 FT_IR, SEM, UTM, GPC를 측정하여 물성변화를 관찰하였다. 카보닐지수와 하이드록실지수에서 열과 자외선에 노출율이 많아질수록 수치는 상승하였다. 표면분석에서는 rPP/$d2w^{(R)}$/ZnO나노컴포지트 필름의 경우 표면이미지가 매끈하여 ZnO의 첨가가 고분자의 상용성을 향상시켰고, 열과 자외선차단효과로 분해를 감소시키는 효과로 작용하였다. 항균력시험에서는 그람음성균은 대장균으로 그람양성균은 황색포도상구균으로 항균력을 측정하였다. 결과로는, ZnO는 시험에 사용한 농도에서 3로그 이상의 미생물 감소율을 나타내었다. 그러나 유연 필름용으로는 ZnO의 농도가 높아질수록 투명도가 떨어지므로 사용에 제한이 있었다. rPP/$d2w^{(R)}$/ZnO가 함유한 시편에서 인장강도는 40% 상승하였고, 신율은 30% 감소되었다. ZnO를 첨가한 경우 기계적 물성상승과 열 안전성과 자외선차단성을 나타내었다. 산화분해능은 열 노출 $70^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 480시간 경과한 후, 자외선 조사로 72시간 노출 이후 시점의 분자량은 수평균분자량이 1,294 g/mol, 무게평균분자량이 5,920 g/mol로 분해되는 결과를 얻었다. 이것으로 UAE 5009:2009, ASTM 6954의 기준에 준한 필름을 제조할 수 있었다. 비교시편과 본 연구에서 제조한 산화분해필름의 분자량이 80.7%와 75.6% 감소한 결과를 얻음으로서, 자연 산화분해됨을 확인하였다. 식품포장재로서 안전성분석에서는 국내법 중 식품접촉플라스틱 폴리프로필렌의 기준에 적합하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2016

This study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of pigment properties in a pre-coating layer on the characteristics of a top-coating layer and the print mottle of the coated paper. Five different pigments were applied for this study as raw materials for the pre-coating layer. The properties and print mottle of the coated paper samples were evaluated according to the coating color formulation. Type of pigments appliied in a pre-coating layer was one of the most important factor to control the properties of pre and top coating layer. Surface properties of pre and top coated paper were improved by blending GCC which had smaller particle size, with clay. Properties of a top-coating layer was affected by the pigment properties used in the pre-coating layer. It was found that print mottle of coated paper can be improved by replacing part of GCC with smaller particle size GCC or clay in pre-coating layer.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1228-1235
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• 2012

A refrigerator has many components which are made from diverse materials such as metal, polymer, plastic, and rubber. So, it generally requires much time and efforts to build up an analysis model in finite element analysis. In this work, to reduce the computational time and efforts a simplified modeling method was proposed for the analysis of a refrigerator. Occasionally, a stick-slip noise occurs in a refrigerator due to relative slip between shelf and inner-case. When we solve the problem by a FE analysis, we should model the structures with detail for considering the contact conditions; by this reason, too many efforts are consumed in the conventional analysis method. Through this work, we shows the concept of simplifying approach and a good agreement with the results of a real model analysis. And also, the evaluation of the proposed method and the application of contact analysis using the simplified model are discussed.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2012

본 연구는 다층지반으로 구성된 방조제의 침투변화에 따른 안정성을 검토하기 위하여 현장조사와 역해석 방법으로 투수계수와 침투수량을 결정하고, 제체의 변형량과 유실량 측정을 위하여 침투모형시험을 수행하여 가장 합리적인 수치해석 방법을 결정하였다. 검토결과 방조제는 다층지반구조물로 투수계수 차이에 의해 바닥보호공과 성토체 경계부에서 유실이 발생하고 이로 인해 방조제의 변형이 발생한다는 것을 예측할 수 있었다. 한편 침투모형 시험에 대한 수치해석결과 한계유속에 의한 방법은 실측치가 해석값보다 작게 나왔으나 그 경향이 유사하여 실제 단면에 적용 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.860-868
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• 2008

Seismic safety analysis of rockfill dams are consist of the stability analysis as an simplifed method and the dynamic analysis as an detailed method. When high risk dams such as Multi-purpose dams were often applied detailed method by dynamic analysis, dynamic properties of dam materials such as shear modulus are considered as most important factor. Dynamic material properties such as shear modulus had to be investigated by cyclic triaxial test et al. during design and construction stage but these were not conducted because of the condition of domestic seismic design technique. MASW and SASW methods had been applied as a non destructive method to investigate dynamic material properties of existing rockfill dam, has no problems in dam safety at present. These methods were usually performed under the assumptions that the subsurface can be described horizontally homogeneous and isotropic layers. Recent studies(Marwin, 1993, Kim, 2001) showed that surface waves generated through inclined structures have different characteristics from those through a horizontally homogeneous layered model. further Kim et al(2005) and Min and Kim(2006) showed that central core type rockfill dam overestimated the shear wave velocities as increasing the depth through the 3D numerical modelling dut to the effect of outer rockfill and geometrical reasons In this study the results of shear wave velocities of seven rockfill dams form comprehensive facility review, was carried out from 2003 to 2007, were collected and analysed to establish the shear wave velocity distribution characteristics in increasing confining stress in rockfill dams and surface wave velocity ranges in rockfill dam through MASW and the limitation in application are discussed to be utilized as an reference value for dynamic analysis.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.72-72
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• 2012

Lithium rechargeable batteries have been widely used as key power sources for portable devices for the last couple of decades. Their high energy density and power have allowed the proliferation of ever more complex portable devices such as cellular phones, laptops and PDA's. For larger scale applications, such as batteries in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) or power tools, higher standards of the battery, especially in term of the rate (power) capability and energy density, are required. In PHEV, the materials in the rechargeable battery must be able to charge and discharge (power capability) with sufficient speed to take advantage of regenerative braking and give the desirable power to accelerate the car. The driving mileage of the electric car is simply a function of the energy density of the batteries. Since the successful launch of recent Ni-MH (Nickel Metal Hydride)-based HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicles) in the market, there has been intense demand for the high power-capable Li battery with higher energy density and reduced cost to make HEV vehicles more efficient and reduce emissions. However, current Li rechargeable battery technology has to improve significantly to meet the requirements for HEV applications not to mention PHEV. In an effort to design and develop an advanced electrode material with high power and energy for Li rechargeable batteries, we approached to this in two different length scales - Atomic and Nano engineering of materials. In the atomic design of electrode materials, we have combined theoretical investigation using ab initio calculations with experimental realization. Based on fundamental understanding on Li diffusion, polaronic conduction, operating potential, electronic structure and atomic bonding nature of electrode materials by theoretical calculations, we could identify and define the problems of existing electrode materials, suggest possible strategy and experimentally improve the electrochemical property. This approach often leads to a design of completely new compounds with new crystal structures. In this seminar, I will talk about two examples of electrode material study under this approach; $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}O_2$ based layered materials and olivine based multi-component systems. In the other scale of approach; nano engineering; the morphology of electrode materials are controlled in nano scales to explore new electrochemical properties arising from the limited length scales and nano scale electrode architecture. Power, energy and cycle stability are demonstrated to be sensitively affected by electrode architecture in nano scales. This part of story will be only given summarized in the talk.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.488-495
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• 2008

In order to achieve long fatigue lifetimes for cyclically pressurized thick cylinders, multi-layered compound cylinder has been proposed. Such compound cylinder involves a shrink-fit procedure incorporating a monobloc tube which has previously undergone autofrettage. The basic autofrettage theory assumes elastic-perfectly plastic behaviour. Because of the Bauschinger effect and strain-hardening, most materials do not display elastic-perfectly plastic properties and consequently various autofrettage mo dels are based on different simplified material strain-hardening models, which is assumed that combination of linear strain-hardenig and power strain-hardening model. This approach gives a more accurate prediction than the elastic-perfectly plastic model and is suitable for different strain-hardening materials. In this paper, a general autofrettage model that incorporates the material strain-hardening relationship and the Bauschinger effect, based upon the actual tensile-compressive stress-strain curve of a material was proposed. The model was obtained using the von Mises yield criterion and plane strain condition. The tensile-compressive stress-strain curve was obtained by experiment. The parameters needed in the model were determined by fitting the actual tensile-compressive curve of the material. Finally, strain- hardening model was compared with elastic-perfectly plastic model.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2010

Brittle microstructure created in a heat affected zone (HAZ) during the welding of low alloy steel can be eliminated by post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). If the PWHT is not possible during a repair welding, the controlled bead depositions of multi-pass welding should be applied to obtain tempering effect on the HAZ without PWHT. In order to anticipate and control the tempering effect during the temper bead welding, the definition of temperature curve obtained from the analytical solution was suggested in this research. Because the analytical solution for heat flow is expressed as a mathematical equation of weld parameters, it may be effective in anticipating the effect of each weld parameter on the tempering in HAZ during the successive bead depositions. The reheating effect by the successive bead layer on the brittle coarse grained HAZ formed by earlier bead deposition was estimated by comparing the overlapped distance between the temperature curves in the HAZ. Three layered weld specimens of SA508 base metal with A52 filler were prepared by controlling heat input ratio between layers. The tempering effect anticipated by using the overlapped distance between the temperature curves was verified by measuring the micro-hardness distribution in the HAZ of prepared specimens. The temperature curve obtained from analytical solution was expected as a good tool to find optimal temper bead welding conditions.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2008

High-efficiency phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes using TCTA-TAZ as a double host and $Ir(ppy)_3$ as a dopant were fabricated and their electro-luminescence properties were evaluated. The fabricated devices have the multi-layered organic structure of 2-TNATA/NPB/(TCTA-TAZ) : $Ir(ppy)_3$/BCP/SFC137 between an anode of ITO and a cathode of LiF/AL. In the device structure, 2-TNATA[4,4',4"-tris(2-naphthylphenyl-phenylamino)-triphenylamine] and NPB[N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine] were used as a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, respectively. BCP [2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline] was introduced as a hole blocking layer and an electron transport layer, respectively. TCTA [4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine] and TAZ [3-phenyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole] were sequentially deposited, forming a double host doped with $Ir(ppy)_3$ in the [TCTA-TAZ] : $Ir(ppy)_3$ region. Among devices with different thickness combinations of TCTA ($50\;{\AA}-200\;{\AA}$) and TAZ ($100\;{\AA}-250\;{\AA}$) within the confines of the total host thickness of $300\;{\AA}$ and an $Ir(ppy)_3$-doping concentration of 7%, the best electroluminescence characteristics were obtained in a device with $100\;{\AA}$-think TCTA and $200\;{\AA}$-thick TAZ. The $Ir(ppy)_3$ concentration in the doping range of 4%-10% in devices with an emissive layer of [TCTA ($100\;{\AA}$)-TAZ ($200\;{\AA}$)] : $Ir(ppy)_3$ gave rise to little difference in the luminance and current efficiency.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.910-921
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• 2023

In this study, we designed a 6T-SRAM cell using 16-nm CMOS process and analyzed the performance in terms of read-speed latency. The temperaturedependent Cu and multilayered graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR)-based nanointerconnect materials is used throughout the circuit (primarily bit/bit-bars [red lines] and word lines [write lines]). Here, the read speed analysis is performed with four different chip operating temperatures (150K, 250K, 350K, and 450K) using both Cu and graphene nanoribbon (GNR) nano-interconnects with different interconnect lengths (from 10 ㎛ to 100 ㎛), for reading-0 and reading-1 operations. To execute the reading operation, the CMOS technology, that is, the16-nm PTM-HPC model, and the16-nm interconnect technology, that is, ITRS-13, are used in this application. The complete design is simulated using TSPICE simulation tools (by Mentor Graphics). The read speed latency increases rapidly as interconnect length increases for both Cu and GNR interconnects. However, the Cu interconnect has three to six times more latency than the GNR. In addition, we observe that the reading speed latency for the GNR interconnect is ~10.29 ns for wide temperature variations (150K to 450K), whereas the reading speed latency for the Cu interconnect varies between ~32 ns and 65 ns for the same temperature ranges. The above analysis is useful for the design of next generation, high-speed memories using different nano-interconnect materials.