• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.13-16
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• 2002

The Intervertebral disc is a composite structure made up of the nucleus pulposus (NP) core surrounded by the multi-layered fibers of the annulus fibrosis (AF)[1]. Water is drawn into the NP by the presence of hydrophilic proteins called proteoglycans [2]. The AF, with successive layers oriented in alternating directions, surrounds the NP. These layers are placed under tension as the NP absorbs water and swells [3]. (omitted)

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.786-799
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• 2021

Road damage detection is important for road maintenance. With the development of deep learning, more and more road damage detection methods have been proposed, such as Fast R-CNN, Faster R-CNN, Mask R-CNN and RetinaNet. However, because shallow and deep layers cannot be extracted at the same time, the existing methods do not perform well in detecting objects with fewer samples. In addition, these methods cannot obtain a highly accurate detecting bounding box. This paper presents a Multi-level Feature Pyramids method based on M2det. Because the feature layer has multi-scale and multi-level architecture, the feature layer containing more information and obvious features can be extracted. Moreover, an attention mechanism is used to improve the accuracy of local boundary boxes in the dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed method is better than the current state-of-the-art methods.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.433-443
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• 2021

Multi-omics approaches are novel frameworks that integrate multiple omics datasets generated from the same patients to better understand the molecular and clinical features of cancers. A wide range of emerging omics and multi-view clustering algorithms now provide unprecedented opportunities to further classify cancers into subtypes, improve the survival prediction and therapeutic outcome of these subtypes, and understand key pathophysiological processes through different molecular layers. In this review, we overview the concept and rationale of multi-omics approaches in cancer research. We also introduce recent advances in the development of multi-omics algorithms and integration methods for multiple-layered datasets from cancer patients. Finally, we summarize the latest findings from large-scale multi-omics studies of various cancers and their implications for patient subtyping and drug development.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.1140-1151
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• 2023

Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated (FCM) fuel is emerging advanced fuel material for the future nuclear reactors. The fuel pellet in the FCM fuel is composed of matrix and a large number of TRistructural-ISOtopic (TRISO) fuel particles which are randomly dispersed in the SiC matrix. The minimum layer thickness in a TRISO fuel particle is on the order of 10^-5 m, and the length of the FCM pellet is on the order of 10^-2 m. Hence, the heat transfer in the FCM pellet is a multi-scale phenomenon. In this study, three multi-scale heat conduction models including the Multi-region Layered (ML) model, Multi-region Non-layered (MN) model and Homogeneous model for FCM pellet were constructed. In the ML model, the random distributed TRISO fuel particles and coating layers are completely built. While the TRISO fuel particles with coating layers are homogenized in the MN model and the whole fuel pellet is taken as the homogenous material in the Homogeneous model. Taking the results by the ML model as the benchmark, the abilities of the MN model and Homogenous model to predict the maximum and average temperature were discussed. It was found that the MN model and the Homogenous model greatly underestimate the temperature of TRISO fuel particles. The reason is mainly that the conventional equivalent thermal conductivity (ETC) models do not take the internal heat source into account and are not suitable for the TRISO fuel particle. Then the improved ETCs considering internal heat source were derived. With the improved ETCs, the MN model is able to capture the peak temperature as well as the average temperature at a wide range of the linear powers (165 W/cm~ 415 W/cm) and the packing fractions (20%-50%). With the improved ETCs, the Homogenous model is better to predict the average temperature at different linear powers and packing fractions, and able to predict the peak temperature at high packing fractions (45%-50%).

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.3143-3165
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• 2017

We present a computerized framework for producing color pastel painting from the visual information extracted from a photograph. To express color pastel painting, we propose a multi-layered framework where each layer possesses pastel stroke patterns of different colors. The stroke patterns in the separate layers are merged by a rendering equation based on a participating media rendering scheme. To produce the stroke patterns in each layer, we review the physical properties of pastels and the mechanism of a convolution framework, which is the most widely used scheme to simulate stick-shaped media such as pencils. We devise the following computational models to extend the convolution framework to produce pastel strokes: a bold noise model, which mimics heavy and clustered deposition of pigment, and a thick convolution filter model, which produces various pastel stroke patterns. We also design a stochastic color coordination scheme to mimic pastel artists' color expression and to separate strokes in different layers. To demonstrate the soundness of approach, we conduct several experiments using the models and compare the results with existing works or real pastel paintings. We present the results for several pastel paintings to demonstrate the excellent performance of our framework.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2002

Neural networks are used to predict the sense of touch of polyurethane coated fabrics. In this study, we used the multi layer perceptron (MLP) neural networks in Neural Connection. The learning algorithm for neural networks is back-propagation algorithm. We used 29 polyurethane coated fabrics to train the neural networks and 4 samples to test the neural networks. Input variables are 17 mechanical properties measured with KES-FB system, and output variable is the sense of touch of polyurethane coated fabrics. The influence of MLF function, the number of hidden layers, and the number of hidden nodes on the prediction accuracy is investigated. The results were as follows: MLP function, the number of hidden layer and the number of hidden nodes have some influence on the prediction accuracy. In this work, tangent function, the architecture of the double hidden layers and the 24-12-hidden nodes has the best prediction accuracy with the lowest RMS error. Using the neural networks to predict the sense of touch of polyurethane coated fabrics has hotter prediction accuracy than regression approach used in our previous study.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2015

In this paper, a description is given of finite element method (FEM) simulations of the elastic bending modulus of multi-layered graphene sheets that were carried out to investigate the mechanical behavior of graphene sheets with different gap thicknesses through molecular mechanics theory. The interaction forces between layers with various gap thicknesses were considered based on the van der Waals interaction. A finite element (FE) model of a multi-layered rectangular graphene sheet was proposed with beam elements representing bonded interactions and spring elements representing non-bonded interactions between layers and between diagonally adjacent atoms. As a result, the average elastic bending modulus was predicted to be 1.13 TPa in the armchair direction and 1.18 TPa in the zigzag direction. The simulation results from this work are comparable to both experimental tests and numerical studies from the literature.

• 소음진동
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.632-642
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• 1998

A method based on finite element discretization is developed for optimizing the polarization profile of PVDF film to create the modal transducer for specific modes. Using this concept, one can design the modal transducer in two-dimensional structure having arbitrary geometry and boundary conditions. As a practical means for implementing this polarization profile without repoling the PVDF film the polarization profile is approximated by optimizing electrode patterns, lamination angles, and poling directions of the multi-layered PVDF transducer. This corresponds to the approximation of a continuous function using discrete values. The electrode pattern of each PVDF layer is optimized by deciding the electrode of each finite element to be used or not. Genetic algorithm, suitable for discrete problems, is used as an optimization scheme. For the optimization of each layers lamination angle, the continuous lamination angle is encoded into discrete value using binary 5 bit string. For the experimental demonstration, a modal sensor for first and second modes of cantilevered composite plate is designed using two layers of PVDF films. The actuator is designed based on the criterion of minimizing the system energy in the control modes under a given initial condition. Experimental results show that the signals from residual modes are successfully reduced using the optimized multi-layered PVDF sensor. Using discrete LQG control law, the modal peaks of first and second modes are reduced in the amount of 12 dB and 4 dB, resepctively.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2012

This study investigates thermal insulation properties of multi layer materials depending on thickness of air layers. Numerical analysis on the heat flow of different insulating materials was conducted to identify whether their temperature distributions demonstrate the reduced rate of heat transfer conclusively or not. Analytical model is divided into two categories. One is to distinguish temperature distribution of the air-layer materials from the non-air layer ones. The other is to compare the efficacy between eight-layered insulating materials with no air-layer contained and three-layered insulating materials which include an air-layer definitely. In the latter case, the identical thickness is assigned to each material. The effect of thermal insulation by including an air-layer is verified in the first analytical model. The result of the second model shows that the insulation of the eight-layered materials is coterminous at the three-layered ones with an air-layer and the thermal insulation of the two materials is imperceptible. The benefits of cost and energy saving are anticipated if air-layers are efficiently incorporated in multi layer insulating materials in a greenhouse.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.821-825
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• 2013

Effect of multi-stacked layer (MSL), 0.1 mol (M) and 0.3 mol (M) hafnium oxide ($HfO_2$) alignment layers were fabricated via a solution-process for LCs orientation. The solutions were spin-coated and annealed in a furnace. MSL consists of three sub-layers using 0.1 M solution, mono-layer (ML) is composed of 0.3 M $HfO_2$ solution. Then ion-beam irradiation was treated with 1.8 keV for 2 min. $HfO_2$-based LC cells were investigated through photographs, pre-tilt angle using crystal rotation method, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement, and surface roughness using atomic force microscopy(AFM) for their characteristic research. Good LC orientation characteristics were observed on MSL $HfO_2$ surface. The LC alignment mechanism on MSL $HfO_2$ and ML $HfO_2$ surfaces was attributed to van der Waals (VDW) interaction between the LC molecular and substrate surface.