• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.53-69
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• 2011

Classification of estuaries based on their multi-component and multidisciplinary processes is important for the systematic management of estuaries. In this study, an integrated GlS-based analysis system including high resolution aerial photographies and topographic maps was used to classify 463 estuaries based on estuarine circulation pattern, geomorphological feature, natural habitat distribution and characteristics of land use. These estuaries were divided into two basic types, open and closed. Two hundred and thirty five systems were open estuaries comprising of forty one mountainous type (OM), eighty sevcn sandpit type (OS) and one hundred seven funnel type (OF). Each type of open estuary was further classified into three types based on habitat distribution and land use characteristics resulting in total ninc types of open estuaries. Two hundred and twenty eight estuaries were closed systems comprising of one hundred and forty four blocked type (CB directly) and eighty four lake type (CL, indirectly). CB type estuary was further classified into three types based on habitat distribution and land use characteristics. This estuarine classification scheme can be applied to provide a framework for effective management strategies of individual estuaries to estimate the management priority and strategy.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.295-308
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• 2015

Based on the CMIP5 historical simulation datasets, we assessed the performance of state-of-the-art climate models in respect to the relationship between interannual variabilities of the North Pacific synoptic eddy (NPSE) and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). Observation (ERA-Interim) shows a high negative correlation (-0.73) between the interannual variabilities of East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) intensity and North Pacific synoptic eddy (NPSE) activity during the period of 1979~2005. Namely, a stronger (weaker) EAWM is related to a weaker (stronger) synoptic eddy activities over the North Pacific. This strong reverse relationship can be well explained by latitudinal distributions of the surface temperature anomalies over East Asian continent, which leads the variation of local baroclinicity and significantly weakens the baroclinic wave activities over the northern latitudes of $40^{\circ}N$. This feature is supported by the distribution of the meridional heat flux (${\overline{{\nu}^{\prime}{\theta}^{\prime}}}$) anomalies, which have negative (positive) values along the latitudes $40{\sim}50^{\circ}N$ for strong(weak) EAWM years. In this study, the historical simulations by 11 CMIP5 climate models (BCC-CSM1.1, CanESM2, GFDL-ESM2G, GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-AO, HadGEM2-CC, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MPI-ESM-LR, MPI-ESM-MR, MRI-CGCM3, and NorESM1-M) are analyzed for DJF of 1979~2005. Correlation coefficient between the two phenomena is -0.59, which is comparable to that of observation. Model-to-model variation in this relationship is relatively large as the range of correlation coefficient is between -0.76 (HadGEM2-CC and HadGEM2-AO) and -0.33 (MRI-CGCM3). But, these reverse relationships are shown in all models without any exception. We found that the multi-model ensemble is qualitatively similar to the observation in reasoning (that is, latitudinal distribution of surface temperature anomalies, variation of local baroclinicity and meridional heat flux by synoptic eddies) of the reverse relationship. However, the uncertainty for weak EAWM is much larger than strong EAWM. In conclusion, we suggest that CMIP5 models as an ensemble have a good performance in the simulation of EAWM, NPSE, and their relationship.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.764-781
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a highly precise vehicle detection method with low false alarm using billboard sweep stereo matching and multi-stage hypothesis generation. First, we capture stereo images from cameras established in front of the vehicle and obtain the disparity map in which the regions of ground plane or background are removed using billboard sweep stereo matching algorithm. And then, we perform the vehicle detection and tracking on the labeled disparity map. The vehicle detection and tracking consists of three steps. In the learning step, the SVM(support vector machine) classifier is obtained using the features extracted from the gabor filter. The second step is the vehicle detection which performs the sobel edge detection in the image of the left camera and extracts candidates of the vehicle using edge image and billboard sweep stereo disparity map. The final step is the vehicle tracking using template matching in the next frame. Removal process of the tracking regions improves the system performance in the candidate region of the vehicle on the succeeding frames.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.205-215
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• 2008

SITES(Site Information and Total Environmental Data Management System) has been developed for the purpose of systematically managing site characteristics and environmental data produced during the pre-operational, operational, and post-closure phases of a radioactive waste disposal facility. SITES is an integration system, which consists of 4 modules, to be available for maintenance of site characteristics data, for safety assessment, and for site/environment monitoring; site environmental data management module(SECURE), integrated safety assessment module(SAINT), site/environment monitoring module(SUDAL) and geological information module for geological data management(SITES-GIS). Each module has its database with the functions of browsing, storing, and reporting data and information. Data from SECURE and SUDAL are interconnected to be utilized as inputs to SAINT. SAINT has the functions that multi-user can access simultaneously via client-server system, and the safety assessment results can be managed with its embedded Quality Assurance feature. Comparison between assessment results and environmental monitoring data can be made and visualized in SUDAL and SITES-GIS. Also, SUDAL is designed that the periodic monitoring data and information could be opened to the public via internet homepage. SITES has applied to the Wolsong low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste disposal center in Korea, and is expected to enhance the function of site/environment monitoring in other nuclear-related facilities and also in industrial facilities handling hazardous materials.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.619-624
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• 2016

Social-aware video displays not only the relationships between characters but also diverse information on topics such as economics, politics and culture as a story unfolds. Particularly, the speaking habits and behavioral patterns of people in different situations are very important for the analysis of social relationships. However, when dealing with this dynamic multi-modal data, it is difficult for a computer to analyze the drama data effectively. To solve this problem, previous studies employed the deep concept hierarchy (DCH) model to automatically construct and analyze social networks in a TV drama. Nevertheless, since location knowledge was not included, they can only analyze the social network as a whole in stories. In this research, we include location knowledge and analyze the social relations in different locations. We adopt data from approximately 4400 minutes of a TV drama Friends as our dataset. We process face recognition on the characters by using a convolutional- recursive neural networks model and utilize a bag of features model to classify scenes. Then, in different scenes, we establish the social network between the characters by using a deep concept hierarchy model and analyze the change in the social network while the stories unfold.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.1 s.343
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• pp.17-26
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• 2006

The analog Viterbi decoder for the PR (1 2 2 1) which is used for BVD read channel is designed with circular analog parallel circuits. Since the inter symbol interference is serious problem in the high density magnetic storage device or DVD, the PRML technology is normally employed for the purpose of minimizing the decoding error. The feature of the PRML technology is with the multi-level coding according to the predetermined combining rule among the neighboring symbols and with the decoding according to the known combining rule. Though the conventional PRML technology is implemented with the digital circuits, the recent trend towards this end is with the utilization of the analog circuits due to the requirements of higher speed and lower power in the DVD read channel. In this study, the Viterbi decoder which is the bottleneck of the PRML implementation is designed with the analog parallel circuit structure. The designed Viterbi decoder for the PR (1 2 2 1) signal shows 3 times faster in the speed and 1/3 times less in the power consumption than thoseoftheconventionaldigitalcounterpart.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.127-134
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• 2014

In DRDoS(Distributed Reflective Denial of Service) attacks, the victim is bombarded by packets from legitimate reflector unlike DDoS(Distributed Denial of Service) attacks through zombie, which is more dangerous than DDoS attack because it is in stronger disguise. Therefore, the method of filtering packet method on router are useless. Moreover SCTP(Stream Control Transmission Protocol) multi-homing feature, such as with an improved transmission protocol allows detecting attacks is more difficult and the effect of the attack can be maximized. In this paper we propose a DRDoS detection mechanism based on DRDoS utilizing attention to the characteristics of stateful protocols. The proposed scheme is backed by stateful firewall, and detect DRDoS attacks through a rules table and perform a defense treatment against DRDoS attack. Rules table with a simple structure is possible to easily adapt for any kind of stateful protocol can used by DRDoS attack. The experimental result confirm that our proposed scheme well detect DRDoS attacks using SCTP, the next-generation transmission protocol which not known by victim, and reduce the attacking packets rapidly.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 2006

Recently, rapid developments in computer hardware have enabled reverse-time migration to be applied to various production imaging problems. As a wave-equation technique using the two-way wave equation, reverse-time migration can handle not only multi-path arrivals but also steep dips and overturned reflections. However, reverse-time migration causes unwanted artefacts, which arise from the two-way characteristics of the hyperbolic wave equation. Zero-lag cross correlation with diving waves, head waves and back-scattered waves result in spurious artefacts. These strong artefacts have the common feature that the correlating forward and backward wavefields propagate in almost the opposite direction to each other at each correlation point. This is because the ray paths of the forward and backward wavefields are almost identical. In this paper, we present several tactics to avoid artefacts in shot-domain reverse-time migration. Simple muting of a shot gather before migration, or wavefront migration which performs correlation only within a time window following first arriving travel times, are useful in suppressing artefacts. Calculating the wave propagation direction from the Poynting vector gives rise to a new imaging condition, which can eliminate strong artefacts and can produce common image gathers in the reflection angle domain.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2014

This paper aims at delivering significant implications to high-tech startups by visualizing the implementation process of leading KOSDAQ listed companies's business model. This paper founded two meaningful outcomes; first, hish-tech starts-up make a clear direction of implementing intangible business model in real business, second, targeting the role model of benchmarking business model among leading companies, by linking common feature between high-tech starts-up and leading KOSDAQ listed venutures sharing one of Key performance indexes falls on viable business model. The research results of visualizing the implementation of leading KOSDAQ listed ventures' business model shows three major implications. First, business model indicates not just simple logic of creating and delivering values, but more shows CEO leading management vehicle. Second, business model represents the multi-dimension process itself of integrating in and out company's core assets and competencies initiated by CEO. Third, financial outcomes of business model is automatic result of implementing on setting target customer, creating value, and delivering it rather than planned strategically. Fourth, the focal points of implementing business model falls on collecting real information from business sites.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3447-3450
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• 2015

Objective: To explore the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs in elderly patients and its correlation with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in cancer tissue. Materials and Methods: Forty-three elderly patients with gastric cancer (observation group) and 31 young patients with gastrointestinal tumors (control group) who were all diagnosed by pathology and underwent surgery in the 89th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army were selected. Drug sensitivity testing of tumor cells in primary culture was carried out in both groups using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method, and the expression of COX-2 and the factors related to multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer tissue were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The inhibition rates (IR) of vincristine (VCR), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), mitomycin (MMC) and epirubicin (eADM) on tumor cells in the observation group were dramatically lower than in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The positive rates of COX-2, glutathione s-transferase-${\pi}$ (GST-${\pi}$) and P glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in cancer tissue in the observation group were all higher than in control group (P<0.05), while that of DNA topoisomerase $II{\alpha}$ ($TopoII{\alpha}$) expression lower than in the control group (P<0.01). In the observation group, COX-2 expression in cancer tissue had a significantly-positive correlation with GST-${\pi}$ and P-gp (r=0.855, P=0.000; r=0.240, P=0.026), but a negative correlation with $TopoII{\alpha}$ (r=-0.328, P=0.002). In the control group, COX-2 expression in cancer tissue was only correlated with P-gp positively (r=0.320, P=0.011). Bivariate correlation analysis displayed that COX-2 expression in cancer tissue in the observation group had a significantly-negative correlation with the IRs of 5-FU, L-OHP, paclitaxel (PTX) and eADM in tumor cells (r=-0.723, P=0.000; r=-0.570, P=0.000; r=-0.919, P=0.000; r=-0.781, P=0.000), but with hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT), VCR and 5-FU in the control group (r=-0.915, P=0.000; r=-0.890, P=0.000; r=-0.949, P=0.000). Conclusions: Gastric cancer cells in elderly patients feature stronger MDR, which may be related to high COX-2 expression.