Reverse-time migration using the Poynting vector

포인팅 벡터를 이용한 역시간 구조보정

  • Yoon, Kwang-Jin (School of Civil, Urban and Geosystem Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Marfurt, Kurt J. (Allied Geophysical Laboratories, University of Houston)
  • 윤광진 (서울대학교 공과대학 지구시스템공학부) ;
  • Published : 2006.02.28

Abstract

Recently, rapid developments in computer hardware have enabled reverse-time migration to be applied to various production imaging problems. As a wave-equation technique using the two-way wave equation, reverse-time migration can handle not only multi-path arrivals but also steep dips and overturned reflections. However, reverse-time migration causes unwanted artefacts, which arise from the two-way characteristics of the hyperbolic wave equation. Zero-lag cross correlation with diving waves, head waves and back-scattered waves result in spurious artefacts. These strong artefacts have the common feature that the correlating forward and backward wavefields propagate in almost the opposite direction to each other at each correlation point. This is because the ray paths of the forward and backward wavefields are almost identical. In this paper, we present several tactics to avoid artefacts in shot-domain reverse-time migration. Simple muting of a shot gather before migration, or wavefront migration which performs correlation only within a time window following first arriving travel times, are useful in suppressing artefacts. Calculating the wave propagation direction from the Poynting vector gives rise to a new imaging condition, which can eliminate strong artefacts and can produce common image gathers in the reflection angle domain.

최근 급속히 발전하는 하드웨어로 인해 역시간 구조보정을 다양한 현장자료의 영상화에 적용할 수 있게 되었다. 양방향 파동방정식을 이용하는 파동방정식 구조보정 방법으로, 역시간 구조보정은 다중 도달파 뿐 아니라 급경사 및 수직 이상의 경사를 갖는 반사면도 영상화가 가능하다. 그러나 쌍곡선 파동방정식의 양방향 전파라는 성질로 인해 역시간 구조보정은 잡음을 발생시킨다. 연속적으로 입사각이 증가하여 지표로 전파되는 파, 선두 파, 역 산란 파 등과의 영 지연 상호상관은 의사영상을 만든다. 이러한 큰 진폭의 의사영상은, 상호상관되는 각 점에서 볼 때, 순 전파 및 역전파되는 두 파동장들이 거의 정 반대방향으로 전파한다는 공통점을 갖고 있다. 이는 순 전파하는 파동장과 역 전파하는 파동장의 두 전파경로가 거의 일치함으로써 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 음원 모음 역시간 구조보정에서의 의사영상을 제거하는 몇 가지 시도들을 소개하고자 한다. 구조보정 전에 실시하는 음원모음자료의 간단한 뮤팅 또는 초동 주시 이후의 시간 창 이내에서만 상호상관을 실시하는 파면 구조보정은 이러한 의사영상을 제거하는데 효과적이다. 포인팅벡터로부터 계산한 파동방정식의 전파방향을 이용하면 큰 진폭의 의상영상을 제거할 수 있는 새로운 영상화 조건을 적용할 수 있고 반사각에 따른 공통영상모음을 구할 수 있다.

Keywords

References

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