• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.143-147
• /
• 2013

Ginsenoside Rp1 is one of ginseng saponins with chemotherapeutic activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rp1 on spleen cells. Spleen is a major immune organ consisted of crucial immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and some antigen-presenting cells. Although the anti-tumor potential of Rp1 was studied, the effects of Rp1 on immune cells have not investigated yet. A viability assay using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometric analysis, Western blot analysis were used to detect cellular changes on Rp1-treated spleen cells. MTT assay showed that Rp1 decreased the viability of spleen cells. To further investigate the effects of Rp1 on activated spleen cells, we treated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a representative inflammatory agent and Rp1 on spleen cells in a combination. The surface expression levels of activation markers for lymphocytes, CD25 and CD69 were measured. Apoptotic analysis revealed the cytotoxic effects of Rp1 on both na$\ddot{i}$ve and activated cells, and the expression pattern of some apoptosis-related proteins was correlated to apoptotic events of cells. Taken together, ginsenoside Rp1 increases the cellular death of spleen cells and also inhibits the LPS-induced activation of spleen cells.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 2013

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of root of Curcumin longa (RCL) on LPS-induced COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) model. Materials and Methods: Extract of RCL was treated to RAW 264.7 cells and LPS-induced COPD mouse model. Then, various parameters such as cell-based protective activity, airflow limitation, accumulation of immune cells and histopathological finding were analyzed. Results: RCL showed a protective effect on LPS-induced cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. RCL treatment also revealed a protective effect on LPS-induced lung injury in a COPD mouse model. This effect was demonstrated via the reduction of accumulation of immune cells and pathophysiological regulation of caspase 3, elastin and collagen in lung tissue. Conclusions: These data suggest that RCL has a pharmaceutical property on lung injury. This study provides scientific evidence for the efficacy of RCL for clinical application to COPD patients.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.321-332
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Anticancer and immune-modulating effects of several Korean medical prescriptions including Yukgunja-tang, Bohwa-tang, Sogam-Won, and Kamiboa-tang were investigated. Methods : In vitro anti-cancer effects were measured by cytotoxicity MTT assay using SNU-1 gastric cancer cell lines, In vivo anti-cancer effects were measured by increased life span of S-180 sarcoma-injected ICR mouse. Immune-modulating effects were analyzed by measuring hemagglutinin titer, appearance of rosette forming cells, lymphocyte proliferation, and phagocytic index in methotrexate-pretreated mice. Results : In vitro assay showed that only Sogam-won showed cytotoxic effect with $IC_{50}$ of 87.9 ${\mu}g/ml$. All other prescriptions showed no cytotoxic effects against SNU-1 gastric cancer cell line. However, in vivo assay showed that Sogam-won showed lowest anti-cancer effects in contrast to its highest cytotoxic effects, Kamiboa-tang, which showed no cytotoxic effect, showed the highest in vivo anticancer effects, with increased life span of 140%. Kamiboa-tang showed significant immune-enhancing activities by significantly increasing rosette forming cells, lymphocyte proliferation, and phagocytic index in methotrexate-pretreated mice (P<0.05). Conclusion : The anticancer effect of Kamiboa-tang is not mediated by direct inhibition of cancer cells but is mediated by improving immune reactions against cancer cells.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.288-296
• /
• 2005

Cytokines interleukin (IL) 12 and 23 play critical roles in linking innate and adaptive immune responses. They are members of heterodimeric cytokines, sharing a subunit p40. Although IL12/23 p40 is mainly induced in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) after stimulation with microbial Toll-like receptor ligands, methods to monitor the cells that produce IL12/23 p40 in vivo are limited. Recently, the mouse model to track p40-expressing cells with fluorescent reporter, yellow fluorescent protein, has been developed. Macrophages and DCs from these mice faithfully reported p40 induction using the fluorescent marker. Here we took advantage of these reporter mice to screen bio-compounds for p40-inducing activity. After screening hundreds of compounds, we found several extracts inducing IL12/23 p40 gene expression. Treatment of DCs with these extracts induced the expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules, which implies that these might be useful as adjuvants. Next, the in vivo target immune cells of candidate compounds were examined. The reporter system can be useful to identify cells producing IL12 or IL23 in vivo as well as in vitro. Thus, our cytokine reporter system proved to be a valuable reagent for screening for immunostimulatory molecules and identification of target cells in vivo.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제39권10호
• /
• pp.728-733
• /
• 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) effectively reduce airway inflammation and regenerate the alveolus in cigarette- and elastase-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) animal models. The effects of stem cells are thought to be paracrine and immune-modulatory because very few stem cells remain in the lung one day after their systemic injection, which has been demonstrated previously. In this report, we analyzed the gene expression profiles to compare mouse lungs with chronic exposure to cigarette smoke with non-exposed lungs. Gene expression profiling was also conducted in a mouse lung tissue with chronic exposure to cigarette smoke following the systemic injection of human cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hCB-MSCs). Globally, 834 genes were differentially expressed after systemic injection of hCB-MSCs. Seven and 21 genes, respectively, were up-and downregulated on days 1, 4, and 14 after HCB-MSC injection. The Hbb and Hba, genes with oxygen transport and antioxidant functions, were increased on days 1 and 14. A serine protease inhibitor was also increased at a similar time point after injection of hCB-MSCs. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the levels of genes related to immune responses, metabolic processes, and blood vessel development were altered, indicating host responses after hCB-MSC injection. These gene expression changes suggest that MSCs induce a regeneration mechanism against COPD induced by cigarette smoke. These analyses provide basic data for understanding the regeneration mechanisms promoted by hCB-MSCs in cigarette smoke-induced COPD.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권7호
• /
• pp.1198-1205
• /
• 2016

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have beneficial effects on intestinal health and skin diseases. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall component of gram-positive bacteria, is known to induce the production of several cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 and affect the intestinal microflora, anti-aging, sepsis, and cholesterol level. In this study, Weissella cibaria was isolated from Indian dairy products, and we examined its immune-enhancing effects. Live and heat-killed W. cibaria did not induce the secretion of immune-related cytokines, whereas LTA isolated from W. cibaria (cLTA) significantly increased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. cLTA increased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases in THP-1 cells. The secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 was also increased in the cLTA-treated mouse splenocytes. These results suggest that cLTA, but not W. cibaria whole cells, has immune-boosting potential and can be used to treat immunosuppression diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.256-261
• /
• 2007

Apoptosis is a step of the cell cycle which is important in the regulation of immune cell populations. Chungkookjang is a Korean traditional fermented soybean containing microorganisms, enzymes, and bioactive compounds which was used in the treatment of mouse spleen as well as thymus cells (CH1-fermented soybean containing barley, wormwood, and sea tangle; CH2-fermented soybean) and was found to exhibit substantially reduced small DNA fragmentation. An MTT assay showed that the treatment of CH1 and CH2 into the mouse splenocytes and thymocytes sharply increased their survival. Moreover, a FACS analysis also showed that CH1 and CH2 are effective at suppressing the apoptosis of splenocytes and thymocytes. The fermented soybean isoflavone concentrations, which are implicated in lowering breast and prostate cancers, lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and improving bone health, were determined using Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrochemical Detection (CE-ED). The amount of Daidzein in fermented soybean significantly increased by 44-fold dramatically, compared with those in unfermented soybean. In this study, we demonstrated that ethanol extracts of Chungkookjang promote the survival of the mouse spleen and thymus cells in culture by suppressing their apoptotic death. Future studies should investigate which genes are related to apoptosis of the immune cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.414-424
• /
• 2007

Adenophorae Radix (AR), Liriopis Tuber (LT), Dendrobii Monile (DM), Polygonati Officinalis (PO), Polygonati Rhizoma (PR) have been used to treated a variety condition/diseases in traditional oriental medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate the immunmodulatory effects of the water-extracted AR, LT, DH, PO and PR. In spleen cell proliferation assay, DH was significantly enhanced mitogenic activity compared with control group. In RT-PCR, DH ad PO induced IL-2 and IFNr cytokine gene expression in mouse spleen cells. Methotrexate(MTX), immune supression agent, was significantly inhibited mouse spleen cell proliferation(1600 mg/ml). In spite of MTX treatement, DH and PO sustained the spleen cell proliferation, In the flow cytometry analysis, DH stimulated mouse spleen cells showed an increase in B-cell phenotype (CD45R/B220). The water-extracted DH and PO inhibited NO production and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell. DH induced IL-2 and IFNg gene expression in human peripheral mononuclear cells. The GC-MS analysis show that the main component of water-extracted DH was b-Nitroethyl alcohol. The main components of water-extracted PO were Dipirartril-tropico, Methyl sulfoxide and Demsodrox. These data suggest that among these extracts, DH has a protective effcet of immune suppression caused by MTX. DH may be enhance cellular and humoral immune response by the regulation of cytokine gene expression, NO production and B cell production.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.115-128
• /
• 2003

Objectives and methods :　Study the anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of Herbal-acupuncture with Evodiae Fructus infusion solution, we injected Evodiae Fructus infusion solution into Zusanli(St36) of C57BL/6 mouse which is corresponding to human Zusanli(St36). We observed its effect on the number of $CD25^+/CD4^+,\;CD8^+/CD3e^+,\;CD69^+/B220^+,\;NK1.1^+/CD3e^+$ cells in mouse PBMCs, the number of the pulmonary colony , MST and ILS of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma. Results and Conclusions : The spleen cells proliferation of the sample groups treated with EDR-HAS extract has increased significantly compared with that of the control group. The percentage of the $CD25^+/CD4^+,\;CD8^+/CD3e^+,\;CD69^+/B220^+,\;NK1.1^+/CD3e^+$ cells in C57BL/6 mouse PBMCs of the sample groups treated with EDR herbal-acupuncture has increased compared with that of the control group. The lung colony number of the sample groups treated with EDR herbal-acupuncture has decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. MST and ILS of the sample groups treated with EDR herbal-acupuncture have increased significantly compared with those of the control group.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.85-102
• /
• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this experiment is to study on the anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of Herbal-acupuncture with Sinomenii acuti lignun infusion solution(SAL-HAS). Methods : We injected Sinomenii acuti Lignum infusion solution into Chung-wan(CV12) of C57BL/6 mouse which is corresponding to human Chung-wan(CV12). We observed its effect on the nunter of $CD25^+/CD4^+$, $CD8^+/CD3e^+$, $CD69^+/B220^+$, $NK^+/CD3e^+$ cells in mouse PBMCs, the number of the pulmonary colony, and the effect on MST and ILs of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma. Results & Conclusions : 1. The spleen cells proliferation of the sample groups treated with SAL-HAS extract has increased significantly compared with that of the control group. 2. The percentage of the $CD25^+/CD4^+$, $CD8^+/CD3e^+$, $CD69^+/B220^+$, $NK^+/CD3e^+$ cells in C57BL/6 mouse PBMCs of the sample groups treated with SAL herbal-acupuncture has increased compared with that of the control group. 3. The lung colony number of the sample groups SAL Herbal-acupuncture has decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. 4. MST and ILS of the sample groups SAL herbal-acupuncture have increased significantly compared with those of the control group.